专题16完形填空（专题）-2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

专题16完形填空（专题）-2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

专题16完形填空（专题）‎ ‎2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破 ‎【2017年高考考纲解读】‎ 完形填空题的特点是篇幅小，但起点高，题量大，字数在230～300之间。完形填空的选材近年来以第一人称为主的夹叙夹议励志型材料，具有极强的时代意义和真切的现实意义。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力和短文的阅读理解能力，灵活运用语言知识的能力并且根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。‎ ‎【重点、难点剖析】‎ 一、记叙文是一种以记叙为主要表达方式的文体。它主要分为记人、叙事、写景几个方面，包括幽默故事、名人传记、逸闻趣事等。如果文章交代了when，where，who，what，how这五个要素，那么文章就是记叙文。为了测试考生对语篇的理解能力，命题人会特别注意选材的趣味性。记叙文的结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味。‎ 做题时，考生可以从以下几点进行突破。‎ ‎1．重视首句，把握全篇 叙事性文章往往在第一句就会把事情发生的时间、地点等交代清楚或者对所要叙述的事情的性质、特征加以描述，这为我们理解文章提供了一个“窗口”。所以考生应充分重视首句的指导作用，利用它找到解题突破口，应“先完意，再完形”，即把握了全篇大意之后，再逐空试填。‎ ‎2．理清线索，找准方向 记叙文一般按事件发展的时间或空间顺序来叙述，有时用倒叙手法。因此，我们在做题时可以首先抓住表示时间顺序的词，且要理清人物之间的关系，弄清楚人物各自所做的事情，准确理解文章。‎ ‎3．利用语境，揣摩心态 高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃对语法的考查，朝着深层化和语境化的方向发展，因此考生要借助上下文语境来揣摩作者对文章中各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，考生应该通过字里行间的内容体会主人公的心理活动，弄懂主人公对人物或事件的态度，身临其境，与主人公的思维保持一致。‎ 二、夹叙夹议完形填空所选的文章一般富于哲理性，往往可以从一件看似平淡的小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。‎ 在结构上，作者首先叙述一件事情，然后就此事情引申出一个深刻的社会话题或就此事提出自己的观点；或者先提出一种观点或看法，然后就这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，最后再进一步阐述或作出结论。‎ 夹叙夹议文在语言上又具有议论文的特点：语言客观、准确、逻辑性强，且具有概括性。那么，我们在做夹叙夹议文类的完形填空题时，需要注意哪些方面呢？‎ ‎1．重视文章首句 夹叙夹议文常常以文章的标题、首句或简短的第一段导入话题，然后以顺叙或倒叙等叙事的方式适当加以描写，通过巧妙安排，在文章最后概括主题。因此，在解答夹叙夹议文类的完形填空时，考生首先要读懂第一段，尤其是文章的第一句话，这样就可以迅速总结出全文的主旨大意。‎ ‎2．理清文章结构 夹叙夹议文类的文章通常是先进行叙述，然后在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，提出故事所包含的哲理或总结自己的观点。做题时，考生要跟着作者的思路读全文，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。只有理清了文章的结构，才能更容易地理解文章，作出正确的选择。‎ ‎3．抓住文章线索 理解夹叙夹议类文章要抓住线索，注意情节的变化，以求综观上下文，达到整体理解文意，从而避免片面性和断章取义。找出叙述、议论部分相关的命题规律与特点，分清论点、论据的习惯表达方式，找准文章的论点、论据和结论句式，使叙述与议论浑然一体。‎ 三、说明文是用说明的方式介绍人或事物、解释事理的一种文体。说明文体裁的完形填空的最显著的特点是：‎ ‎1．开头点题 做说明文体裁的完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体的实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近几年的说明文体裁的完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接点明要说明的对象。‎ ‎2．结构清晰 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(先后顺序等)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外等)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次等)，认知顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质等)。‎ 在做说明文体裁的完形填空时，应当特别留意以下几点：‎ ‎1．通过短文首尾句抓主旨 通读全文，看它是属于说明事物的说明文还是说明事理的说明文；是单纯说明类的说明文还是说明加叙述类的说明文。而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔，由此可知，抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是很必要的。‎ ‎2．关注段落间的内在联系 由于说明文一般是针对某一个对象从不同的角度和侧面加以说明的，每一段都有侧重点，对这些内容要进行概括、总结，从而找出段落之间的联系，以便更深刻地理解文章的内容。‎ ‎3．根据写作手法理解细节 说明文中有些细节就是写作手法的体现，而完形填空往往就是针对这些细节进行考查的。所以，考生要学会逆向推理，从正确理解写作手法入手来把握细节。‎ ‎【题型示例】‎ 题型1、记叙文 例1、(2016·北京)‎ A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome，Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.‎ On the 20th of that month，Dr.Welch 36 a sick boy，Billy，and knew he had diphtheria，a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting children.The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town.Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 ，the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away，in Anchorage.‎ How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s 39 was already full of ice，so it couldn’t come by ship.Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the 40 roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.‎ ‎ 41 January 26，Billy and three other children had died.Twenty more were 42 .Nome’s town officials came up with a(n) 43 .They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana.From there，dogsled(狗拉雪橇) drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力)．‎ The race began on January 27.The first musher，Shannon，picked up the medicine from the ‎ train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher，Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold.‎ On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound.It was the most 48 part of the journey.Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened，Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 49 ，and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across.‎ A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point，huge piles of snow blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹) to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again.The only hope was Balto，Kaasen’s lead dog.Balto put his nose to the ground， 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed，it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly，Balto began to 53 .He had found the trail.‎ At 5：30 am on February 2，Kaasen and his dogs 54 in Nome.Within minutes，Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recovered.‎ Nome had been 55 .‎ ‎36．A.examined B．warned C．interviewed D．cured 答案　A 解析　根据后面的“...and knew he had diphtheria”可知Dr.Welch对Billy进行了检查。故选A项。‎ ‎37．A.harmless B．helpless C．fearless D．careless 答案　B ‎ 38．A.Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 答案　D 解析　空格前面的句子提到Dr.Welch需要尽快弄到药物，以防其他孩子也感染白喉，而空格后的句子则说明最近的药品供应地距离Nome也很遥远。由此可以推出前后两句之间是转折关系。故选D项。‎ ‎39．A.airport B．station C．harbor D．border 答案　C 解析　根据后半句的“it couldn’t come by ship”可以推出应该是那个镇的码头已经结满了冰。故选C项。‎ ‎40．A.narrow B．snowy C．busy D．dirty 答案　B 解析　根据第一段中的“The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.”可以推出路已经被冰雪覆盖，汽车和马再无法前进。故选B项。‎ ‎41．A.From B．On C．By D．After 答案　C 解析　联系后文的had died可知，此处表示的是“到1月26日为止，Billy和其他三个孩子已经病逝了”，故选by“在……之前，到……为止”。‎ ‎42．A.tired B．upset C．pale D．sick 答案　D ‎43．A.plan B．excuse C．message D．topic 答案　A 解析　句意为：Nome镇的官员提出了一个(送药的)计划。从下文可以看出，他们提出用狗拉雪橇的办法运送药物。故选A项。‎ ‎44．A.air B．rail C．sea D．road 答案　B 解析　根据下一段中的“The first musher，Shannon，picked up the medicine from the train”可以推出药品应是先通过火车从Anchorage运送到Nenana的。故选B项。‎ ‎45．A.carry B．return C．mail D．give 答案　A 解析　句意为：从那里狗拉雪橇的驾驶员——叫作赶狗拉雪橇的人——将用接力的方式把它带到Nome镇。根据句意可知应选A项。‎ ‎46．A.Though B．Since C．When D．If 答案　C 解析　句意为：当Shannon把药品传给下一个赶狗拉雪橇的人的时候，他的脸因为极度寒冷已经变青了。根据句意可知应选C项。‎ ‎47．A.enter B．move C．visit D．cross 答案　D 解析　句意为：另一位赶狗拉雪橇者Seppala必须穿过一个叫做Norton Sound的冰冻水域。由于是在运送药品，所以应是穿过这个地方。同时根据下文的“But Seppala made it across.”可以推出应选D项。‎ ‎48．A.shameful B．boring C．dangerous D．foolish 答案　C 解析　根据下文的“Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.”可知推出这是旅途中最危险的部分。故选C项。‎ ‎49．A.escape B．bleed C．swim D．die 答案　D ‎ 50．A.memory B．exit C．way D．destination 答案　C 解析　联系前文的“huge piles of snow”和后文中的“get around them”可知，巨大的雪堆一度阻挡了Kaasen前进的道路(way)。block one’s way阻挡某人的道路。‎ ‎51．A.find B．fix C．pass D．change 答案　A 解析　根据上下文可知为了绕过大雪堆，Kaasen离开了雪橇的痕迹，环境是如此糟糕以至于再次找到雪橇痕迹对他来说是不可能的。故选A项。‎ ‎52．A.pretending B．trying C．asking D．learning 答案　B 解析　句意为：Balto把它的鼻子放在地上，尽力找到其他曾经从雪橇痕迹上经过的狗的味道。try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”。‎ ‎53．A.run B．leave C．bite D．play 答案　A 解析　根据下文的“He had found the trail.”可知Balto找到了雪橇的痕迹，由此可以推出它又开始跑了。故选A项。‎ ‎54．A.gathered B．stayed C．camped D．arrived 答案　D 解析　根据下文的“Within minutes，Dr.Welch had the medicine.”可知医生拿到了药品，证明Kaasen和他的狗顺利到达了Nome。故选D项。arrive in sp.意为“到达某地”。‎ ‎55．A.controlled B．saved C．founded D．developed 答案　B ‎ 【举一反三】 (2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way，we ‎ spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“ 1 my job.Family to Feed.”‎ At this store，a 2 like this is not normal.My 10－year－old noticed him and made a 3 on how bad it must be to have to stand 4 in the cold wind.‎ In the store，I asked each of my kids to 5 something they thought our “friend” there would 6 .They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17－year－old suggested giving him a 7 .I thought about it.We were 8 on cash ourselves，but... well，sometimes 9 from our need instead of our abundance is 10 what we need to do！All the kids 11 something they could do away with for the week.‎ When we handed him the bag of 12 ，he lit up and thanked us with 13 eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 14 his family might need，he burst into tears.‎ This has been a wonderful 15 for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can 16 ！Things would have played out so 17 if I had simply said，“No，we really don't have 18 to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in 19 ，it also gave my kids the 20 taste of helping others.It'll go a long way with them.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了发生在自己身边的一件事。周末的时候作者和孩子们去超市的路上遇到了一个站在寒风中寻求帮助的人，他引导孩子们奉献爱心，快乐自己。通过这次经历，作者诠释了“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”的真谛。‎ ‎1.A.Lost B.Changed C.Quit D.Finished 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。联系下文内容及“Family to feed.”可知这个人失业了，还要养活家人。故答案为A。‎ 答案　A ‎2.A.condition B.place C.sight D.show ‎ 答案　C ‎3.A.suggestion B.comment C.decision D.call 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。十岁的儿子看到这个站在冷风中的求助者十分感慨，‎ 发表评论(comment)。suggestion建议；decision决定；call电话；均不合句意。‎ 答案　B ‎4.A.outside B.proudly C.by D.angrily 解析　考查语境中副词的辨析。由“in the cold wind”所提供的信息可以判断此人是站在超市外面的。‎ 答案　A ‎5.A.draw B.say C.arrange D.pick 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。根据下文所述可知，我让孩子们挑选(pick)某种他们认为这位朋友喜欢(appreciate)的东西。draw绘画；say说出；arrange安排。均与语境不符。‎ 答案　D ‎6.A.order B.supply C.appreciate D.discover 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。见上一小题解析。order命令，订购；supply供应；discover发现。均不符合语境。‎ 答案　C ‎7.A.dollar B.job C.hot meal D.gift card 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。下一段“When I handed him the gift card...”一句已有暗示。‎ 答案　D ‎8.A.easy B.low C.soft D.loose ‎ 答案　B ‎9.A.giving B.saving C.spending D.begging 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。由全文内容不难看出，作者和孩子们的举动是将财物赠与需要帮助的人。故答案为A。‎ 答案　A ‎10.A.yet B.even C.still D.just 解析　考查语境中副词的辨析。有时，从生活需用品中节省出来赠与别人恰恰是(just)我们需要做的。其余选项不符合语意逻辑。‎ 答案　D ‎11.A.declared B.shared C.ignored D.expected 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。为了省出钱来去帮助别人，孩子们纷纷宣布自己这周可以舍弃不用的东西。declare 公布，宣布；share 分享，分担；ignore 忽视，不理睬；expect 期待。由句意可知答案为A。‎ 答案　A ‎12.A.toys B.medicine C.food D.clothes 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。联系上文“They got apples，a sandwich，and a bottle of juice.”一句可知，我们将这些食品递给这个人。故答案为C。‎ 答案　C ‎13.A.sleepy B.watery C.curious D.sharp 解析　考查语境中形容词的辨析。根据本段结尾一句中的“...he burst into tears.”可知，这个人眼含泪水向我们表示感谢。sleepy困倦的；watery含水的；curious好奇的；sharp锐利的。由语境可知B项为正确答案。‎ 答案　B ‎14.A.whoever B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 解析　考查语境中代词的辨析。由句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。从句谓语动词need之后缺少宾语，故可将D项排除。再结合句意“我告诉他可以用这张卡为家人购买生活必需品”可知答案非B莫属。‎ 答案　B ‎15.A.experience B.example C.message D.adventure 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。由前文所述可知，这是一次非常棒的经历，给了孩子们莫大的鼓舞。experience经历；example例子；message口信；adventure冒险。显然答案为A。‎ 答案　A ‎16.A.rely on B.respect C.learn from D.help 解析　考查语境中短语动词的辨析。帮助别人，快乐自己。接连几天，孩子们都在寻找需要帮助的人。显然，D项意思与语境相吻合。‎ 答案　D ‎17.A.suddenly B.vividly C.differently ‎ ‎ D.perfectly ‎ 答案　C ‎18.A.time B.power C.patience D.money 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。见上一小题解析。‎ 答案　D ‎19.A.fear B.love C.need D.memory 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。综合前文所叙述的经历可知，我和孩子们帮助了一位处于困境中的人。in need的意思是“患难；急需；处于困境中”。‎ 答案　C ‎20.A.strong B.sweet C.strange D.simple 解析　考查语境中形容词的辨析。纵观全文，作者与孩子们的这一善举让他们品尝到了帮助别人的甜蜜，正所谓“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”。故答案为B。‎ 答案　B ‎【变式探究】(2015·北京)‎ A Welcome Gift Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 1 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 2 filled the room and made them feel very happy.‎ The next morning, 3 ， their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a 4 under their door during the night. One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Dario's mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 5 people and he couldn't imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 6 and apologize for their playing.‎ ‎“Maybe we could go and 7 everyone in person，” his mother said.‎ ‎“What if we invited them to come here for a 8 instead？” Dario asked.‎ They both loved the 9 . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts 10 their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and pretty lights.‎ Finally, the day of the party 11 . Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 12 . One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 13 Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.‎ ‎“I heard you playing the other night，”she said，“The sounds woke me out of bed.I 14 that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don't think I disliked the playing.”‎ Dario's mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we 15 you an apology，” she said.“I didn't 16 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”‎ ‎“You play, you play！” Mrs. Gilbert said.“I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such 17 music.”‎ ‎“These songs are beautiful music，” Dario's mother said.“We will be 18 to play them in the evening.”‎ ‎“And we won't play so loud or late！” Dario said.He was already looking forward to 19 the new music.More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother's face. It gave him a feeling of 20 and made him feel that they were home at last.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了Dario和他的妈妈搬到新家很高兴，并在深夜弹钢琴来庆祝，结果却打扰了邻居，邻居留便条抱怨投诉，母子二人积极应对，决定举行派对来缓和邻里关系，并得到邻居的谅解。‎ ‎1.A.sat B.stood C.lay D.walked 解析　语境理解题。此处是指他们两人肩并肩地坐在钢琴旁，故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎2.A.voice B.ring C.music D.cry 解析　背景常识题。前一句提到弹奏爵士乐，故此处填music，选C。‎ 答案　C ‎3.A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.instead 解析　逻辑推理题。句意：然而第二天早上他们的幸福消失了。therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则；instead相反地。故选B。‎ 答案　B ‎4.A.note B.poster C.bill D.report 解析　背景常识题。句意：在那天夜里有人在他们的门下面留了一张便条。结合下文So I wrote a short note可知故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎5.A.proud B.rich C.lucky D.nice 解析　逻辑推理题。由“管理员想象不出他们中谁会做那件事”可知，管理员认为他们都是好人，故选D。‎ 答案　D ‎6.A.neighbors B.friends C.relatives D.audiences ‎ 答案　A ‎7.A.blame B.instruct C.question D.visit 解析　逻辑推理题。句意：或许我们可以亲自去拜访他们。blame责备；instruct指导；question质询；visit访问，拜访。故选D。‎ 答案　D ‎8.A.party B.concert C.show D.play 解析　语境理解题。句意：要是我们把他们请来举行派对怎么样？结合11小题前面party可知应选A。‎ 答案　A ‎9.A.experience B.idea C.performance D.action 解析　逻辑推理题。句意：他们都喜欢这个主意。experience经历；idea主意；performance演出；action行动。故选B。‎ 答案　B ‎10.A.to B.with C.for D.from 解析　动词搭配。prepare sth for sb 意为“为某人准备某物”，故选C。‎ 答案　C ‎11.A.continued B.arrived C.passed D.finished 解析　动词词义辨析。这里指的是“终于举办派对的日子到了”，故选B。‎ 答案　B ‎12.A.order B.sell C.share D.advertise 解析　考查逻辑推理题。这里指派对，所以“有些人带来甜点是用来分享”。故选C。‎ 答案　C ‎13.A.treated B.presented C.helped D.served ‎ 答案　B ‎14.A.promised B.admitted C.agreed D.worried 解析　逻辑推理题。句意：我担心你们每天晚上都像这样弹奏，因此我写了一张便条。选D。‎ 答案　D ‎15.A.give B.send C.offer D.owe 解析　动词搭配。owe sb an apology 意为“应向某人道歉”。选D。‎ 答案　D ‎16.A.realize B.remember C.understand D.accept 解析　动词词义辨析。此处是指“我没有意识到当我们弹奏时天是多么晚了”，故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎17.A.sweet B.strange C.funny D.loud 解析　逻辑推理题。句意：这些歌曲不是那么吵的歌。选D。‎ 答案　D ‎18.A.brave B.sorry C.happy D.afraid 解析　形容词辨析。这里是指“我们很乐意在晚上弹奏这些歌曲”。选C。‎ 答案　C ‎19.A.changing B.practicing C.recording D.writing 解析　逻辑推理题。句意：他已经一直盼望着能练习新曲子。选B。‎ 答案　B ‎20.A.equality B.freedom C.warmth D.sympathy 解析　名词词义辨析。这里指“他妈妈的微笑给了他温暖的感觉”。equality平等；freedom自由；warmth温暖；sympathy同情。故选C。‎ 答案　C ‎【变式探究】Cloze 3　(2015·湖北)‎ ‎ “Daily Star，sir.” called Jason，carrying some newspapers under his arm.The little boy had been running up and down the street，but there were still twenty 1 left.His voice was almost gone and his heart was 2 .The shops would soon close，and all the people would go home.He would have to go home too，carrying the papers 3 money.He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a 4 for his mother and some seeds for his bird.That was why he had bought the papers with all his money.He 5 as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.‎ ‎ “You don't know the 6 of selling papers.You must shout.‘Hot news! Bomb bursting！’” another newsboy Chad told Jason.“ 7 it's not in the paper at all，” replied Jason.“Just run away quickly 8 they have time to see，and you'll 9 out and get your money，”Chad said.‎ It was a new 10 to Jason.He thought of his bird with no 11 and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother，but was 12 that he would not tell a lie.Though he was 13 a poor newsboy，he had been 14 some good things.‎ The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers 15 .Several boys were crowding around Chad，who declared with a 16 smile that he sold six dozen the day before.He added that Jason 17 money because he would not tell a lie.The boy 18 at Jason.“You wouldn't tell a lie yesterday，my boy？” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason's shoulder 19 .“You're just the boy I am looking for.” A week later Jason started his new 20 .He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie，but got a well－paid job because he told the truth.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　报童杰森不想撒谎，没有卖掉所有的报纸，无法给妈妈买蛋糕，给鸟儿买鸟食；但得到老板的青睐，诚实得到丰厚的回报。‎ ‎1.A.shops B.coins C.people D.papers 解析　考查重词再现。本文最后一句中He lost the sale of twenty papers可知，剩了20份报纸。‎ 答案　D ‎2.A.open B.heavy C.pure D.weak 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他几乎说不出话来，心情沉重。open敞开心扉；heavy(心情)沉重；pure纯洁的；完全的；weak不牢固的，虚弱的。因卖不掉报纸，心情沉重，用heavy。‎ 答案　B ‎3.A.instead of B.in return for C.regardless of D.in exchange for 解析　考查介词短语辨析。他也要回家了，带着报纸而不是钱。instead of代替；而不是……； in return for作为……的报答；regardless of不顾，不管；in exchange for作为……的交换。根据句意，选A。‎ 答案　A ‎4.A.cup B.card C.comb D.cake 解析　考查重词再现。第三段He thought of his bird with no seeds and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother可知，答案选D。‎ 答案　D ‎5.A.gave in B.broke down C.got away D.showed up ‎ 答案　B ‎6.A.difficulty B.process C.goal D.secret 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：你不知道推销报纸的诀窍。difficulty 困难，难事；困境；process过程；程序；步骤；goal目的；目标；进球；得分；secret秘密，秘诀。据此选D。‎ 答案　D ‎7.A.And B.But C.For D.So 解析　考查连词。两个分句表示语义转折，用but。‎ 答案　B ‎8.A.before B.since C.though D.unless 解析　考查从属连词。句意：在他们还没来得及看，就逃之夭夭。before在……以前；还没有来得及。‎ 答案　A ‎9.A.call B.drop C.sell D.reach 解析　考查动词词义辨析。sell out卖光；call out大声叫喊；召集；drop out脱离；退学；退出；reach out伸出；根据句意：“你就会把报纸全部卖掉，赚到钱。”可知，选C。‎ 答案　C ‎10.A.edition B.idea C.policy D.task 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于杰森而言，这是一个新主意。edition版，版本，版次；idea主意，想法；概念，思想；计划，建议； policy政策，方针；策略，手段；task任务，工作。选B。‎ 答案　B ‎11.A.bread B.insects C.seeds D.water 解析　考查重词再现。第一段...some seeds for his bird可知，答案为C。‎ 答案　C ‎12.A.concerned B.amazed C.excited D.determined ‎ 答案　D ‎13.A.still B.already C.just D.also 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：尽管他只是一个贫穷的小报童，他学到了一些有益的东西。still还；更；仍； already已，已经； just＝only只，仅仅；also也。 根据句意，选C。‎ 答案　C ‎14.A.taught B.handed C.awarded D.allowed 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据上题，他学到了一些有益的东西，换句话，‎ ‎(家庭)教了他很多有益的东西。‎ 答案　A ‎15.A.at once B.by chance C.as usual D.on purpose 解析　考查短语辨析。句意：第二天下午，杰森像往常一样去办公室去拿报纸。at once马上，立刻；by chance偶然；意外地；as usual像往常一样；照例；on purpose有目的地，故意地。根据句意，选C。‎ 答案　C ‎16.A.proud B.gentle C.warm D.polite 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。proud骄傲的，自豪的；gentle温和的；文雅的；warm暖和的，温暖的，暖的；polite有礼貌的。‎ 答案　A ‎17.A.borrowed B.lost C.made D.saved 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他补充说杰森赔了钱是因为他不愿撒谎。lose money赔钱。‎ 答案　B ‎18.A.laughed B.shouted C.nodded D.started 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个男孩嘲笑杰森。laugh at嘲笑；取笑； shout at对……大喊；叱喝；nod at向某人点头；stare at凝视，盯住。根据句意，选A。‎ 答案　A ‎19.A.bravely B.gratefully C.fondly D.modestly 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：在办公室的一位绅士走过来，怜爱地拍拍杰森的肩膀。bravely勇敢地，英勇地；gratefully感激地，感谢地；fondly快乐地；天真地；modestly谨慎地；适当地。根据句意，选C。‎ 答案　C ‎20.A.duty B.business C.job D.method ‎ 答案　C 题型二、夹叙夹议文 例2、(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 41 Miller King，who was the best 42 at our school.‎ Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 43 .‎ Just before September，Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from 44 .He looked very 45 ，but he didn’t cry.‎ That season，I 46 all of Miller’s records while he 47 the home games from the bench.We went 10－1 and I was named the most valuable player， 48 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 49 .‎ One afternoon，I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 50 going over a fence—which wasn’t 51 to climb if you had both arms.I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 52 from.But even that challenge he accepted.I 53 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally 54 on the other side，he said to me，“You know，I didn’t tell you this during the season，but you did 55 .Thank you for filling in for 56 .”‎ His words freed me from my bad 57 .I thought to myself，how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated，he was 58 ahead of me.I was right to have 59 him.From that day on，I grew 60 and a little more real.‎ ‎41．A.cheering for B．beating out C．relying on D．staying with 答案　B 解析　根据后半句“他是足球队中最优秀的球员”可知，要想成为明星就要打败他。故选B。‎ ‎42．A.coach B．student C．teacher D．player 答案　D 解析　根据语境此处应是足球队员。故选D。‎ ‎43．A.practice B．show C．comfort D．pleasure 答案　A 解析　因为赛季要开始了，所以作者为了达到目标到处练习。故选A。‎ ‎44．A.school B．vacation C．hospital D．training 答案　C 解析　因为Miller被车撞了，所以当他从医院回来的时候，作者去看他，故选C。‎ ‎45．A.pale B．calm C．relaxed D．ashamed 答案　A 解析　因为从医院刚回来，身体还未康复，所以脸色苍白。故选A。‎ ‎46．A.held B．broke C．set D．tried 答案　B 解析　根据下一句内容判断作者打破了记录，故用break。故选B。‎ ‎47．A.reported B．judged C．organized D．watched ‎48．A.and B．then C．but D．thus 答案　C 解析　前半句“作者被评为最有价值球员”和后一句“作者常做梦受谴责”这两句话之间是转折关系。故选C。‎ ‎49．A.decision B．mistake C．accident D．sacrifice 答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，此处应是Miller受伤的事故。故选C。‎ ‎50．A.stuck B．hurt C．tired D．lost 答案　A 解析　Miller因为失去了右臂，他过篱笆时被卡住了。故选A。‎ ‎51．A.steady B．hard C．fun D．fit 答案　B 解析　对于有两个胳膊的正常人来说，越过篱笆应该不是一件困难的事。故选B。‎ ‎52．A.praise B．advice C．assistance D．apology 答案　C 解析　因为Miller和作者两个人之间的竞争，所以作者认为Miller并不想得到他的帮助。故选C。‎ ‎53．A.let B．helped C．had D．noticed ‎54．A.dropped B．ready C．trapped D．safe 答案　D 解析　根据语境，此处指当他们安全越过篱笆的时候。故选D。‎ ‎55．A.fine B．wrong C．quickly D．normally 答案　A 解析　根据语境，此处指作者在比赛中做得很好。故选A。‎ ‎56．A.us B．yourself C．me D．them 答案　C 解析　因为Miller受伤了，作者代替了他，此处是Miller感谢作者。故选C。‎ ‎57．A.memories B．ideas C．attitudes D．dreams 答案　D 解析　根据上文可知，Miller把作者从最初的那个不好的梦中解脱了出来。故选D。‎ ‎58．A.still B．also C．yet D．just 答案　A 解析　作者虽然打破了Miller创造的纪录，但在作者心中，他仍领先于作者。故选A。‎ ‎59．A.challenged B．cured C．invited D．admired 答案　D 解析　此处指作者一直钦佩Miller。故选D。‎ ‎60．A.healthier B．bigger C．cleverer D．cooler 答案　B 解析　通过帮助受伤的Miller King，使自己真正得到了成长。故选B。‎ ‎【举一反三】Cloze 1　(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)‎ Where do you go when you want to learn something？School？A friend？A tutor？These are all 1 places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want 2 somewhere else instead.I had the 3 of seeing this first hand on a 4 .‎ My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.They did very well this season and so 5 a tournament，which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some 6 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 7 trained.Through the first two games，her 8 did not get on serious shot on goal.As a parent，I 9 seeing my daughter playing her best， 10 still defeated.‎ It seemed that something clicked with the 11 between Saturday and Sunday.When they 12 for their Sunday game，they were 13 different.They had begun to integrate (融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had 14 the day before into their 15 .They played aggressively and 16 scored a goal.‎ It 17 me that playing against the other team was a great 18 moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle. 19 is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be 20 what they would have gotten in school，but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者女儿所在的球队因为这个赛季表现突出而入围锦标赛。虽然与强手角逐的前两场比赛中失利，但是善于吸取教训的孩子们在周日的比赛中进球了。通过这次经历，作者得出结论：学习的途径有许多，通过亲身实践得来的经验更加富有意义。‎ ‎1.A.public B.traditional C.official D.special 解析　考查语境中形容词的辨析。根据首句的意思及“School? A friend? A tutor？”，再结合生活常识，不难看出，这些都是传统意义上的(traditional)学习途径。public公共的；official官方的，正式的；special特别的。均不符合题意。‎ 答案　B ‎2.A.passes B.works C.lies D.ends 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。既然你想要的学习方式不是传统的：在学校里跟朋友交流或向导师求教，那么它很可能会存在于其它地方。lie (位于，存在于)符合语境。‎ 答案　C ‎3.A.dream B.idea C.habit D.chance 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。联系下文可知，“我”有机会亲自观看了女儿的一场足球赛并领悟到了这一点。dream梦想；idea主意；habit习惯。均与句意不符。‎ 答案　D ‎4.A.trip B.holiday C.weekend D.square 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。作者下面叙述的几场比赛都是发生在周六和周日的，因此答案选C。‎ 答案　C ‎5.A.won B.entered C.organized D.watched 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。这个赛季女儿所在的球队表现出色而有资格参加锦标赛。win赢；enter进入；organize组织；watch观看。‎ 答案　B ‎6.A.painful B.strange C.common D.practical ‎ 答案　A ‎7.A.less B.poorly C.newly D.better 解析　考查语境中副词的辨析。见上一小题解析。‎ 答案　D ‎8.A.fans B.tutors C.class D.team 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。联系上下文可知，女儿所在的球队在前两场比赛中未能进球得分。故答案选D。‎ 答案　D ‎9. A.imagined B.hated C.avoided D.missed 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。作为父母，谁也不愿意看到竭尽全力踢球的孩子遭受失败的结局。imagine想像；hate憎恨；avoid避免；miss错过。由语境可知B项最能表达此意。‎ 答案　B ‎10.A.if B.or C.but D.as 解析　考查语境中连词的辨析。由空格前的played her best 和still defeated的语意逻辑，不难看出前后为转折关系。因此C项为正确答案。‎ 答案　C ‎11.A.girls B.parents C.coaches D.viewers 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。女儿所在的球队在接下来的比赛中有了很大的改变。由此可以推断该句意思是：“周日比赛之前，这群女孩子似乎突然间明白了什么。”故A项正确。‎ 答案　A ‎12.A.dressed B.showed up C.made up D.planned ‎ 答案　B ‎13.A.slightly B.hardly C.basically D.completely 解析　考查语境中副词的辨析。根据下文所述，女孩子们的表现与上一场比赛迥然不同。slightly稍微；hardly几乎不；basically基本上；completely完全地。‎ 答案　D ‎14.A.seen B.known C.heard D.read 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。她们的表现之所以有很大改观是因为善于总结经验教训，将周六比赛中看到的对方团队协作的技术运用到自己的比赛中。由语境可知A项正确。‎ 答案　A ‎15.A.styles B.training C.game D.rules 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。见上一小题解析。‎ 答案　C ‎16.A.even B.still C.seldom D.again 解析　考查语境中副词的辨析。在强手面前，孩子们努力拼搏，志在必得，甚至还进了一个球。even甚至；still仍然；seldom很少；again又，再。‎ 答案　A ‎17.A.confused B.struck C.reminded D.warned 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。由作者接下来阐发的感想可知这是他从这场比赛中突然想到的。It strikes sb that...意为“使某人突然想到……”。‎ 答案　B ‎18. A.touching B.thinking C.encouraging D.learning 解析　考查语境中动词的辨析。由前文对比赛的描述可知，对于球队的每个孩子来说，这场比赛是一个学习的好机会。因此答案为D。‎ 答案　D ‎19. A.Experience B.Independence C.Curiosity D.Interest 解析　考查语境中名词的辨析。通过这场比赛，孩子们学到了以前没有接触到的东西，经历促使她们成长得更快，经历是最好的老师。experience经历，经验；independence独立；curiosity好奇心；interest兴趣。其余三项均与短文主旨无关。‎ 答案　A ‎20.A.harmful to B.mixed with C.different from D.applied to ‎ 答案　C Cloze 2　(2015·福建)‎ One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault－finder.However, life can be 1 when you are not busy finding fault with it.‎ Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen－year－old Kerry, who described herself as a world－class fault－finder, almost always 3 by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 4 was ever good enough.She was highly self－critical and also found fault with her friends.She became a really 5 person.‎ Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 6 . Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash.What made it almost 7 to deal with was that the day before the 8 ， Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 9 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 10 . It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault.Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 12 everything so harshly(刻薄).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 13 as well.‎ Perhaps most of us aren't as extreme at fault－finding, 14 when we're honest, we can be sharply 15 of the world.I'm not suggesting you 16 problems, or that you pretend things are 17 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are— 18 most of the time, and especially when it's not a really big 19 .‎ Train yourself to “bite your tongue”， and with a little 20 ， you'll get really good at letting things go.And when you do, you'll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　世界上最容易做的事情之一就是成为一个挑剔的人，但是，如果能改变一下的话，生活也许会是另外一个样子。‎ ‎1.A.lonely B.great C.quiet D.uneasy 解析　考查形容词辨析。如果能不忙着找别人的毛病，生活会十分棒。‎ 答案　B ‎2.A.received B.answered C.expected D.rejected 解析　考查动词辨析。几年前，我收到了一封来自十七岁的Kerry的信。收到来信用receive, answer a letter回信；expect期待；预料；reject拒绝。‎ 答案　A ‎3.A.threatened B.interrupted C.bothered D.spoiled ‎ 答案　C ‎4.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing 解析　考查代词。在Kerry看来，人们总是做一些让她烦恼的事情，什么事都不够好。只有nothing表示此处Kerry作为一个超级挑剔者的特点。‎ 答案　D ‎5.A.caring B.boring C.interesting D.surprising 解析　考查形容词辨析。Kerry不仅挑剔自己，也总是找别人的毛病，她真的变成了一个boring(令人厌烦的)人。‎ 答案　B ‎6.A.attitude B.plan C.measure D.explanation 解析　考查名词辨析。不幸的是，改变她的态度是以一场可怕的事故为代价的。measure丈量；衡量；explanation解释。‎ 答案　A ‎7.A.urgent B.unnecessary C.certain D.impossible 解析　考查形容词辨析。urgent紧急的；unnecessary不必要的；certain肯定的；impossible不可能的。‎ 答案　D ‎8.A.occasion B.event C.accident D.adventure 解析　考查名词辨析。根据上文可知，在这场事故之前，Kerry拜访了她的朋友。‎ 答案　C ‎9.A.memory B.notice C.evidence D.choice 解析　考查名词辨析。Kerry拜访了她的朋友，‎ 不停地批评她朋友选择男朋友(的问题)、她生活的方式问题、她和她父母相处的问题以及各种各样她觉得她需要表达的问题。‎ 答案　D ‎10.A.hear B.contribute C.express D.admit 解析　考查动词辨析，解析见上题。‎ 答案　C ‎11.A.aware of B.afraid of C.curious about D.confused about ‎ 答案　A ‎12.A.discuss B.realize C.judge D.settle 解析　考查动词辨析。从那之后，很快地，她开始学着欣赏生活而不是刻薄地去评判任何事。judge判断，评判；discuss讨论；realize意识到；settle解决。‎ 答案　C ‎13.A.family B.life C.career D.education 解析　考查名词辨析。她能够把她的新的智慧也传递到她的生活中的其他部分。‎ 答案　B ‎14.A.so B.or C.but D.for 解析　考查连词。也许我们大部分人都不是很挑剔，但是诚实地说，我们可能会对这个世界十分的挑剔。此处表示转折关系。‎ 答案　C ‎15.A.proud B.sure C.hopeful D.critical 解析　考查形容词辨析。本文的主题词fault－finder对应critical。‎ 答案　D ‎16.A.face B.create C.solve D.ignore 解析　考查动词辨析。发现了问题，我不是建议你去忽略这些问题。或者假装这些事比他们事实上好。‎ 答案　D ‎17.A.rarer B.better C.stranger D.worse 解析　考查形容词辨析。解析见上题。‎ 答案　B ‎18.A.at least B.at last C.by far D.so far 解析　考查介词短语辨析。但是要至少大部分时间学会允许这些事情的存在。‎ 答案　A ‎19.A.task B.deal C.result D.duty 解析　考查名词辨析。特别是不是什么大事的时候。big deal大事。‎ 答案　B ‎20.A.practice B.speech C.rest D.pity 解析　考查名词辨析。训练自己“咬住自己的舌头”，少说话，多这样做，你会真的学会放手了。practice做法，实践。‎ 答案　A Cloze 3　(2015·浙江)‎ Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford，I've watched one friend after another land high－ranking，high－paying Wall Street jobs.As executives (高级管理人员) with banks，consulting firms，established law firms，and major corporations，many are now 1 on their way to impressive careers.By society's 2 ，they seem to have it made.‎ On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life.As they left student life behind，many had a 3 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar，shook hands with longtime roommates，and 4 out of small apartments into high buildings.They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 5 a college year's monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.‎ The thing is，a number of them have 6 that despite their success，they aren't happy.Some 7 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight－hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 8 .Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 9 .However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the 10 to which they have so quickly become 11 .‎ People often speak of trying a more satisfying path，and 12 in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 13 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion：it's 14 .They have ‎ loans，bills，a mortgage (抵押贷款) to 15 ，retirement to save for.They recognize there's something 16 in their lives，but it's 17 to step off the track.‎ In a society that tends to 18 everything in terms of dollars and cents，we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 19 in financial terms.But what about the personal and social costs 20 in pursuing money over meaning？These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述朋友大学毕业后的工作、心情、经历告诉我们：我们不应该为了高质量的生活只追求金钱，个人价值和社会价值的实现才是最重要的。‎ ‎1.A.much B.never C.seldom D.well ‎ 答案　D ‎2.A.policies B.standards C.experiments D.regulations 解析　考查名词词义辨析。我认为他们没有，但按照社会的标准，他们似乎已经达到了。standard标准，符合语境。policy政策；experiment试验；regulation规章，规则。‎ 答案　B ‎3.A.last B.least C.second D.best 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据前面的as they left student life behind可知，当他们离开学校时，很多人在便宜且友好的当地酒吧喝完最后一杯酒。‎ 答案　A ‎4.A.cycled B.moved C.slid D.looked 解析　考查动词词义辨析。离开狭小的学生公寓进入高楼大厦中。move out of搬离，符合语境。‎ 答案　B ‎5.A.shared B.paid C.equaled D.collected 解析　考查动词词义辨析。在饭店里一瓶酒的价格相当于大学一个月的租金。equal与……相等或相同，符合语境。‎ 答案　C ‎6.A.advertised B.witnessed C.admitted D.demanded ‎ 答案　C ‎7.A.complain B.dream C.hear D.approve 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据后面的unfriendly coworkers and feel sad可知，一些人抱怨同事不友好。complain of抱怨，诉苦，符合语境。‎ 答案　A ‎8.A.distribute B.hate C.applaud D.neglect 解析　考查动词词义辨析。完成他们不喜欢的工作任务他们才感到悲伤。‎ 答案　B ‎9.A.calm B.guilty C.warm D.empty 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据前面的feeling tired and可知，empty空虚，符合语境。calm镇静的；guilty有罪的。‎ 答案　D ‎10.A.family B.government C.lifestyle D.project 解析　考查名词词义辨析。但他们并不专心于自己的工作，他们工作只是为了维持这种很快就习以为常的生活方式。lifestyle生活方式，符合语境。‎ 答案　C ‎11.A.accustomed B.appointed C.unique D.available 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。固定表达become accustomed to对……变得习以为常，习惯于。‎ 答案　A ‎12.A.yet B.also C.instead D.rather 解析　考查副词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，这里表示转折关系，故要用yet。‎ 答案　A ‎13.A.let out B.turn in C.give up D.believe in 解析　考查动词短语辨析。离职去从事他们自己所信仰的事情。believe in信奉，信仰，符合语境。let out使出来，放出；turn in上交，呈交；give up放弃。‎ 答案　D ‎14.A.fundamental B.practical C.impossible D.unforgettable 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据后面的they have loans...可知，放弃现在的工作去从事自己喜爱的事情是不可能的。‎ 答案　C ‎15.A.take off B.drop off C.put off D.pay off 解析　考查动词短语辨析。因为他们有抵押贷款要偿还。pay off付清，还清，符合语境。take off取下，起飞；drop off落下，减少；put off推迟。‎ 答案　D ‎16.A.missing B.inspiring C.sinking D.shining 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。这时他们意识到生活中缺失了什么。missing失掉的，失踪的，找不到的，符合语境。‎ 答案　A ‎17.A.harmful B.hard C.useful D.normal 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。但很难脱离现在的生活轨迹。‎ 答案　B ‎18.A.measure B.suffer C.digest D.deliver 解析　考查动词词义辨析。在一个倾向于用金钱来衡量一切的社会里。measure衡量。‎ 答案　A ‎19.A.disasters B.motivations C.campaigns D.decisions 解析　考查名词词义辨析。从小时候我们就学会了从经济的角度来考虑所做出的决定的代价。‎ 答案　D ‎20.A.assessed B.involved C.covered D.reduced 解析　考查动词词义辨析。追求金钱所涉及的个人和社会代价呢？(be) involved in牵涉，涉及，符合语境。‎ 答案　B 题型3、说明文 例3、Cloze 1　(2015·安徽)‎ In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.‎ How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 . ‎ Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.‎ Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.‎ All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 ， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 ， this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 .Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。‎ ‎1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem 解析　句意：关键是世界各国日益堆积如山的垃圾。A.答案；B.原因；C.项目；D.问题。根据第二行“the world...”可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山，故选D。‎ 答案　D ‎2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products 解析　句意：因为人们扔掉垃圾比以往任何时候都多。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据下文中的throwing out more rubbish可知。‎ 答案　B ‎3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change 解析　句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会？考查动词辨析。‎ 答案　B ‎4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw 解析　句意：首先，现在我们可以更容易地替换一个对象要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。‎ 答案　C ‎5.A.Thanks to B.As to C.Except for D.Regardless of ‎ 答案　A ‎6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful 解析　句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。 考查形容词辨析。A.安全的；B.滑稽可笑的；D.强大的；强有力的；均不符合题意。‎ 答案　C ‎7.A.love B.lack C.prevention D. division 解析　句意：一次性的另一个原因是我们的爱(一次性的)产品。考查名词辨析。B.缺乏；C.预防；阻碍；D.部门；分割。‎ 答案　A ‎8.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy 解析　句意：对于忙碌的人而言，我们一直在寻找方法来节省时间，让我们的生活更容易。 考查生活常识。A.敏感的；B.和蔼的；C.勇敢的。‎ 答案　D ‎9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends 解析　句意：见8题。way to do sth为固定搭配。‎ 答案　A ‎10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve 解析　句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品，如纸盘子，塑料杯，照相机，等等。 考查逻辑关系。A.捐赠；B.收到；D.保护；维持。‎ 答案　C ‎11.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes 解析　句意：我们的新产品需求也导致一些问题。 考查固定短语搭配。A.适应；改编；B.返回；回复；C.对……做出反应。D.contribute to “有助于；导致”。‎ 答案　D ‎12.A.tired of B.addicted to C.worried about D.ashamed for 解析　句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。考查固定短语搭配。A.对……厌倦；B.对……上瘾；迷恋于……；C.担心；D.为……感到惭愧。‎ 答案　B ‎13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger 解析　句意：广告说服我们：越新越好。我们会更乐于使用最新产品。 考查生活常识。‎ 答案　A ‎14.A.pick up B.pay for C.hold onto D.throw away ‎ 答案　D ‎15.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences 解析　句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。考查名词辨析。A.优势；优点；B.目的；C.功能：D.后果；结果。‎ 答案　D ‎16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure 解析　句意：为了减少垃圾，保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。考查动词辨析。显示；表明；C.记录；记载；C.减少；D.测量；权衡。‎ 答案　C ‎17.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands 解析　句意：见16题。 考查上下文逻辑关系。由文章最后的take care of our environment可知。‎ 答案　B ‎18.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile 解析　句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。 考查联系副词。A.可是；然而；B.否则； C.否则；D.与此同时。‎ 答案　A ‎19.A.by B.in favour of C.after D.instead of 解析　句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。 考查介词和介词短语辨析。B.支持；赞成。‎ 答案　D ‎20.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising 解析　句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。 考查逻辑关系。由上文可知。‎ 答案　A Cloze 2　(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ As a general rule，all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis.As a matter of fact，we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 .For example，on Christmas morning，children are excited about 3 with their new toys.But their 4 soon wears off and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement.The world is full of 6 stamp albums and unfinished models，each standing as a monument to someone's 7 interest.When parents bring home a pet，their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur.Within a short time，however，the 9 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then，how many 12 ，who now complain(抱怨)about the long drives to work， 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their driver's licenses(执照)？Before people retire，they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things，which they never had 17 to do while working.But 18 after retirement，the golfing，the fishing，the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 .And，like the child in January，they go searching for new 20 .‎ ‎【语篇导读】　文章讲述了一旦我们的各种活动成为日常生活中必须做的事情时，无论哪个年龄段的人都会感到无聊而半途而废了。‎ ‎1.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power 解析　上文中提到了general rule。故principle与其意思相近，B.习惯；C.方式；D.力量，权力。均不合题意。故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎2.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages 解析　根据后面提到了小孩和老人可知此处为不同年龄段的人。A.党派；B.种族；C.国家。均不合题意。故选D。‎ 答案　D ‎3.A.working B.living C.playing D.going 解析　play with their new toys——玩新玩具，而A.“工作”；B.“生活”；C.“去”。均不合题意。故选C。‎ 答案　C ‎4.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow 解析　孩子们对这些玩具的兴趣越来越少。A.“自信”；C.“着急”；D.“悲伤”。均不合题意。故选B。‎ 答案　B ‎5.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive 解析　到一月份可以发现那些一模一样的玩具放在了地下室里。B.额外的；C.有趣的；D.昂贵的，均不合题意，故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎6.A.well－organized B.colorfully－printed C.newly－collected D.half－filled ‎ 答案　D ‎7.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main 解析　每一个都是某人曾经的兴趣的纪念碑。A.宽阔的；C.不同的；D.主要的。均不合题意，故选B。‎ 答案　B ‎8.A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly 解析　当父母带回家一只宠物，他们的孩子高兴地给它洗澡，给它刷毛。A.安静地；B.不耐心地；D.着急地。均不合题意。故选C。‎ 答案　C ‎9.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game 解析　一小段时间后，照顾动物的负担就交给父母了。A.承诺；C.权利；D.游戏。均不合题意，故选B。‎ 答案　B ‎10.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement 解析　青少年刚入高中时很兴奋。A.勇气；B.镇静；C.困惑。均不合题意，故选D。‎ 答案　D ‎11.A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success 解析　但很快他们就盼着毕业。B.独立；C.责任；D.成功。均不合题意。故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎12.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees 解析　前面根据年龄提到小孩子，十多岁的青少年、青年人、接下来该说成年人了。A.孩子；B.学生；D.退休者。均不合题意。故选C。‎ 答案　C ‎13.A.carefully B.eagerly C.nervously D.bravely 解析　他们刚开始拿到驾照时多希望一次开上几个小时。A.仔细地；C.紧张地；D.勇敢地。均不合题意，故选B。‎ 答案　B ‎14.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered 解析　参考13题。A.需要；C.注意；D.发现。均不合题意，故选B。‎ 答案　B ‎15.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan 解析　退休前人们经常计划着做很多伟大的事情。A.需要；B.学习；C.开始。均不合题意，故选D。‎ 答案　D ‎16.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct 解析　参考15题。B.奇怪的；C.困难的；D.正确的。均不合题意，故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎17.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge 解析　这些事情在工作时都没有时间去做。B.钱；C.技能；D.知识。均不合题意，故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎18.A.only B.well C.even D.soon 解析　但是退休后不久，打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都变得无聊了。A.只，仅；B.好地；C.甚至。均不合题意。故选D。‎ 答案　D ‎19.A.lost B.chose C.left D.quit 解析　这些想做的事情就像他们离开的工作一样变得无趣了。A.丢失；B.选择；D.放弃。均不合题意。故选C。‎ 答案　C ‎20.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues ‎ ‎