2020届二轮复习阅读理解设题特点及解题技巧

2020届二轮复习阅读理解设题特点及解题技巧

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解设题特点及解题技巧 一、阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析 正确的选项往往是命题人员把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。一般而言，答案项的设置有以下几种方法：(1) 选用原文中的词句；(2) 使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构；(3) 使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构；(4) 答案项是对生词、长句或难旬的解释；(5) 答案项是对原文词句或段落的归纳、 推理或演绎；(6) 使用原文的上下义结构，如用“科学”涵盖“计算机、航天、发明、电子”等概念。 干扰项的设置通常有以下几种方式： 1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 4. 以偏概全。‎ 考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。‎ 二、阅读理解题的解题思路与技巧 解答阅读理解题的总体思路是：单句人手。语篇突破，着眼整体，归纳推断。一般有以下两种阅读顺序(P＝Passage，Q＝Question)： (1) P—Q—P：即先看文章，后看问题，再通过阅读文章来解答问题。这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度。但采用这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢，因此难以在阅读时积极主动地预测文章内容。 (2) Q—P—Q：即先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去阅读文章，最后答题。其特点是针对性强，节省答题时间，比较适用于解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。 两种方式的采用因人而异，无优劣之分。当然，题型不同，解题的方法也应有所不同。 常用的解题技巧有以下几种：‎ ‎1.正选法与排除法 ‎ 正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，考生则可以考虑选用排除法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。考生可以遵循如下“三级思考”的方法排除干扰项：(1) 如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾，即为“误”，可以直接排除。(2) 如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在原文中没有依据，这种脱离原文的“虚”的选项也可以排除。(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理，文中也能找到相关的依据，但它并不能完全满足题目的要求，未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为出发点，未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性，这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的“偏”选项也可以排除。只要考生经过“是否矛盾? (误否) ——是否有依据? (虚否?) ——是否以偏概全 (偏否?)”的逐级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项，或是经过“三级思考”仍不能排除的选项。‎ ‎2.定位法与跳读法 定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。‎ ‎3.画图与列表法 ‎ 画图法就是以时间、地点、事件或因果等为线索，找出关键词语，勾画出一幅完整、清晰的关于文章主题和细节的图示的方法。‎ ‎4.常识法与背景法 常识法是考生利用已有的常识进行识别和判断的方法。背景法与常识法相似，指考生充分运用所读材料的信息答题。‎ ‎5、各题型解答技巧 ‎(1)事实细节题:主要考查学生 对阅读材料中的 某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力,问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what/which)、时间(when/what time)、地点(where)、原因(why/cause)、经过（how/which order）、结果(effect)、数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。常见问题形式有：①三正一误(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或三误一正(三项错误，只有一项符合原文容)：Which of the following is true/false /NOT true (except)…? Which of the following is mentioned (except)… ②定义 ；③年代与数字；④比较；⑤原因和结果。⑥Accoding to the passage, when/where/why/how/who/…?‎ 细节理解应注意的问题：‎ ‎1）对应性：正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应 ‎2）准确性：此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语义上的转换，在转换过程中，做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换的准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而导致错误。‎ ‎3）‎ 区分性：有时命题人会故意利用一些貌合神离的手段，比如给出与原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生，让考生不加思索地选定答案，而实际上选项中的字眼与文中的相同字眼压根就不是对应同一事情 ‎ ‎(2) 主旨大意题：这类题包括：概括文章的中心思想（main idea）或主题（subject/topic）、选择文章的标题（title）、作者的写作目的或态度。‎ 主旨题常见的命题形式： (1) What’s the main (central )point/idea/ subject/thought of the (second paragraph)passage? (2) This passage is mainly about/ mainly concerns… (3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss? (4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (5) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is …‎ 解答这类题的常用方法是：‎ ‎①把握文章的逻辑结构。文章主题出现的位置常对应于文章逻辑结构中的一部分。高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：按时间顺序展开，这种结构的文章主题常出现在首段或末段；按从一般到具体展开，文章的主题常出现在首段；按从具体到一般展开，文章的主题常出现在末段；对比性文章的主题是进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异；分类性文章以分类说明的各大项相加为主题。‎ ‎②抓文章的主题句。文章的主题句常出现在首段的首句、首段的末句或全文的末句。注意首段的转折处。‎ ‎③概括段落大意。注意段首的定义句、举例后的概括句。‎ ‎④‎ 根据行文的详略确定文章的主题。涉及文章主题的部分总是详尽说明或论述，而与主题关系不够密切的部分则很简略。‎ ‎⑤注意解题时要排除表示文章细节的选项。‎ 解答这类题的差异是：‎ ‎①主旨题与标题：主旨题的答案常用一句话表示，而问标题的答案大多是名词词组。标题的范围不能过大也不能过小，而且必须反映文章的主题。标题具有概括性、针对性和显目性。‎ ‎②主旨题与写作目的或和意图：文章主旨问中心思想、文章大意，而写作目的或意图则阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想，即文章的中心或大意+论述方法或作者口吻=写作目的或意图。‎ ‎ (3)推理判断题：推理题的答案是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案，即对原文某一句或几句话所作的同义改写或综合。在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。 推断题常有的命题形式：(1)It can be inferred/concluded /drawn the conclusion/leaned from the passage that … (2)The passage suggests/implies that …(3)The author may /most/probably discuss/agree with/support … (4)By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means … (6)The author may/might/seems to be in favor of/be against … ‎ 常用的解题方法是： ‎ ‎①如果题干中有具体线索，就根据具体线索找到原文的相关句子，然后作出推理。‎ ‎②如果题干中无线索，例如：It can be inferred from the passage…; It can be concluded from the passage that…等可先浏览一下4个选项，排除不可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到相关句子，作出推理。值得注意的是：像上面两例这类的题从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上常常不用看全篇，只根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的句子即可推理出答案。‎ ‎③如果在一篇文章中其它题都未涉及文章的主旨，那么推理题，如infer, conclude等可能与文章的主旨有关，把答案定位到文章的主题所在位置即主题句出现处；如果其它题已涉及了文章的主题，那推理出来的答案可能与段落主题有关，把答案定位到段落主题所在的地方；如果不与段落的主题有关，可能与全文或段落的重要结论有关，那么找到这些结论相关的原文，然后作出推理。‎ ‎④判断作者的态度（attitude）或语气（tone）：作者的态度或语气（褒义、中性、贬义）主要通过形容词、副词和动词来表达。可以通过下面两种思路来解题：问全文主体事物的（包括主题）可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词来确定作者的态度；如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度 则可以定位到相关句子，然后确定答案。辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词：表示贬义：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant（宽容的）, disappointment,unfair,pessimistic(悲观的),ironic(讽刺的),overstimate(过高估计),fail,ignore等。 表示褒义 ‎: positive,optimistic(乐观的),justice(公正的),fair wonder, support, useful, interesting,sympathetic(同情的)enthusiasm, admiring等。表示中立: indifferent（= impassive冷淡的、漠不关心的）, uninterested, ambivalent（情绪矛盾的）, neutral*（中立的）, apathetic（冷淡的）,objective(客观的),subjective(主观的) humor, disinterested（公正无私的），anxious,worry,concern等。‎ ‎(4)文章结构题：对文章基本结构理解的考查方式：‎ ‎１．问结构：‎ ‎１）How is the text organized?（05浙江52题）‎ a. Topic—Argument—Explanation b.Opinion—Discussion—Description c.Main idea—comparison—supporting examples d.Introduction—supporting examples--conclusion ‎2) The writer uses the example of “ocelots”(2005浙江45题）/“the 2000 Sydney ‎ Olympic”to show that。。。‎ ‎3)The first paragraph is used as…/to…‎ ‎4)The first paragraph mentioned Peter Jennings’ death in order to-‎ ‎2.文章出处题：‎ ‎1)The passage is most likely to be taken from___‎ 2） The passage is most likely a part of____‎ ‎3)The passage is most likely to be taken from the article entitled_____‎ ‎4)What may be talked about before the first paragraph? /after the last paragraph?‎ ‎5)The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss____‎ 理解文章基本结构：‎ ‎１.说明文的基本结构(Descriptive writing)： Definition (Introduction)→Description((Explanation:Example,Comparison,Classification) →Conclusion ‎2.议论文的基本结构(Argumentation):Topic(Opinion)→Arguments(Supporting sentences:facts,examples,theory) →conclusion ‎3.记叙文的基本结构：（Narrative writings):Story presentation(account:Time clues,Inverted time clues→Ending(surprising/humourous way) ‎ ‎4.夹叙夹议文的基本结构：Story presentation→conclusion(opinion,advice, significance)‎ ‎(5)语义题：单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系、句子等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。‎ 常见问题形式有(1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by …‎ ‎(2)As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests…‎ ‎(3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/refers to /means…‎ ‎(4)The word “…” is closest in meaning to …‎ 规律方法:‎ ‎(1) 根据生词前后词汇的意思或整个句子的意思来猜测生词。例如：The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.根据句子后部分began to read可以猜出spectacle的意思为‘“眼镜”。 (2)根据语法知识、定语从句和标点符号来猜测生词。例如：They will be on the night shift---from midnight to 6 a. m. ---next week.此句两个破折号之间的部分表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。 (3)、根据对比关系猜测生词的词义。在but, however, yet, otherwise或though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，很容易猜出生词的词义，例如：If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.通过前后对比，不难猜出dissent的意思是：不同意，不赞同。‎ ‎(4))通过因果关系猜测词义。because, since与as是引导原因状语从句的从属连词，so是引导表示结果的并列句的连词，so … that与such … that中的that是引导结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义，例如：The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.通过因果关系，依据已知部分，可以猜出turbid的意思是：混浊的。‎ ‎(5运用构词法判断生词的词义。考生可以通过已知的词缀(包括前缀和后缀)和词根就能猜测生词的含义。例如，单词telescope由前缀tele (意思是far)和scope (意思是instrument for seeing or ‎ observing)构成，整个单词的意思是“望远镜”。为了熟练使用构词法知识猜测生词，考生在平时应多积累词缀以及词根方面的知识。‎ ‎【辽宁卷B篇】I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, '“I’m having a dinner party' means: "I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat." Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: "Where are you going?" And it's not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know I have nowhere to go.‎ ‎ But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes.(转折对比,说明前面New Yorkers 评价是Self-centred.) Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India. Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations in New York. The mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdale's, a well-known department store.‎ ‎---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎61. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?‎ ‎ A There is a strange mix of people. B. The restaurants are expensive.‎ ‎ C. The bill is not fairly shared. D. People have to pay cash ‎63. What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience？‎ ‎ A. Easy-going. B. Self-centred. C. Generous. D. Conservative.‎ ‎【四川卷E篇】So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the ‎ Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century — a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?‎ A. It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.‎ B. Its change will lead to weather extremes.‎ C. It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1990.‎ D. It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.‎ ‎【四川卷A篇】The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’（杨树）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?‎ A. The change of seasons is easily felt.‎ B. The seasons make the scenes change.‎ C. The weather often changes in the forest.‎ D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.‎ ‎【陕西卷C篇】The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎55. What can we learn from the text? ‎ A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.‎ B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.‎ C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking,‎ D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.‎ ‎【江西卷D篇】For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages．Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet plane fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.‎ ‎　　Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly.‎ ‎　　 Then there is the time spent being “processed” at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passenger move again to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.‎ Man, however, is now a world traveler and can not turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. speed controls people’s lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thing—or so we are told. Perhaps those ‎ first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master. ‎ ‎--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎73.According to Paragraph3, passengers are turning back to modern high-speed trains because_____．‎ ‎ A.they pay less for the tickets B.they feel safer during the travel ‎ C.they can enjoy higher speed of travel D.they don’t have to waste time being “processed”‎ ‎75.What is the main idea of the passage?‎ ‎ A.Air travel benefits people and industries．‎ ‎ B.Train Travel has some advantages over air travel．‎ ‎ C.Great changes have taken place in modern travel.‎ ‎ D.The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.‎ ‎【浙江卷C篇】‎ First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that________ .‎ A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime 具体!‎ B. a small conflict can lead to violence C. students tend to lose their temper easily D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight 具体!‎ ‎【湖北卷D篇】our own generation has access to more nutritious food .more convenient transport .bigger houses, better ears .and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.‎ ‎2) Brilliant advances ‎ One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎65. The candle and lamp example is used to show that .‎ ‎ A. oil lamps give off more light than candles ‎ B. shortening working time brings about a happier life.‎ ‎ C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles.‎ ‎ D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods.‎ ‎【天津卷D篇】‎ Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.‎ ‎---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎52. According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.‎ A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ‎ ability to predict future life C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new ‎【山东卷D篇】‎ Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad. ‎ The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus. ‎ Samsung says it’s not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses. ‎ ‎“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt. ‎ The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money. ‎ Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. ‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines? A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing B. They can be controlled with a smartphone C. They are difficult to operate D. They are sold at a low price ‎【全国新课标卷A篇】‎ There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete (竞争). Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practiced to have a delivery service.‎ Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. 1 took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?‎ A. He missed the good old days. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories. ‎ C. He needed it for his milk bottles. D. He planted flowers in it.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【江西卷A篇】‎ Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.‎ He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.‎ With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding furiously—but without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospital—and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. ‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎56. Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?‎ A. He was riding to school.‎ B. He was listening to a strange sound.‎ C. He was going fishing with his father. ‎ D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.‎ ‎【全国新课标卷B篇】‎ Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest(巢)and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.‎ The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.‎ ‎---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎63. What can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey ‎ C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lover's Helper 表转折和因果处:but, yet, however, instead,today,now,Although,so, therefore, thus, as a result, because(since,as,for), one of the reasons was……, The results are……‎ It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all , their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.‎ ‎ Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived . They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.‎ This seemed like money for nothing . There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them . Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time ,the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn’t last long.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers . ‎ ‎ A.worked very hard for centuries B.dreamed of having a better life ‎ C.were poor but somewhat content D.lived a different life from their forefathers ‎【全国新课标D篇】‎ Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim ‎ as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star"。remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?‎ A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.‎ B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.‎ C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.‎ D. Stories for children are easy to remember.‎ ‎【重庆卷E篇】‎ In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren “, John Keynes, economist, rewrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are indeed what other have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is not true of absolute.‎ ‎ Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending id decided by the super- iority He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this derive as the only source of demands ‎ ‎ Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the den almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. The goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎75.The author of the passage argues that ______.‎ A. absolute needs have no limits B. demands for quality are not insatiable C. human desires influence ideas of quality D. relative needs decide most of our spending ‎【陕西卷C篇】‎ Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.‎ Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between . ‎ A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercising C. heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food 写作目的题秘诀13：广告文体写作目的题一般用advertise!‎ ‎【重庆卷B篇】Top lists are lecturing people on everything from"100 books to read ". Aren't you just tired of being told what to do with your time?‎ Now you have a list to end all lists!‎ Take a look at the following two examples from the list of "101 things not to do":‎ ‎……‎ Go to See the Mona Lisa?‎ There must be something about the mysterious(神秘的)smile. The 6 million people who the lady in the Louvre every year can’t all be wrong after all. But they can be quite and standing in front of you, holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security read. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds most.‎ So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Tings NOT to Do Before You Die. Visit www.not2dobeforeidie.co.uk and buy the book at a 20％ discount.‎ ‎63. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ ‎ A. To advertise a book B. To introduce a website ‎ ‎ C. To comment on popular lists D. To recommend tourist activities.‎ 写作目的题秘诀17：一般说明文写作目的题常用inform!‎ ‎【浙江卷C篇】‎ There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves". Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.‎ ‎---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎54. The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to_______.‎ A. complain about problems in school education B. teach students different strategies for school life C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence But后面violence是重心！‎ 写作目的题秘诀18：新闻报道写作目的题常用report!‎ ‎【全国II卷D篇】ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia - One of the world's most famous fossils (化石) - the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton ( 骨骼 ) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 - will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday. Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. ‎ The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital. Addis Ababa is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Service in to U.S. tour. Texas spent four years disscusing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour. Which will start in Houston next September.‎ ‎"Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,"said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.‎ The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York. Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out.‎ Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.‎ ‎ Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3½-foot-ball ape-man (猿人).‎ ‎-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎53. The author writes this text mainly to _ _. ‎ ‎ A. introduce a few U.S. museums B. describe some research work ‎ C. discuss the value of an ape-man D. report a coming event 秘诀9：找到信息点后核对选项，发现照抄原文的不是答案，同义替换的通常是答案，有时结合答案特征，发现的更快！‎ Tanni’s enduring success had been part motivation(动机), part ‎ preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员) enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race…. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.”‎ ‎-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎58. The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to _______.‎ ‎ （此题容易错选 A ，但正确答案是 C ，怎样避开陷阱？）‎ ‎ A. fifty weeks’ training B. being a good sprinter C. training almost every day D. part motivation and part preparation 推论题秘诀3：‎ 没有中心句（中心词四选项都有），尾段也没有核对点，则找出题点核对！‎ ‎【福建卷B篇】‎ At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life，and he obviously knew it.‎ ‎"You may wonder, Sir Percival,’’ said Laura calmly, “if I am going to ask to be released (免除）from my promise to marry you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much.“ 汉语标注处是出题核对点！ His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet. ‎ ‎"No, if we are going to withdraw.(退出）from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine.‎ ‎“Mine?” he said in great surprise. “What reason could I have for withdrawing?’‎ ‎"A reason that is very hard to tell you," she answered. "There is a change in me. ”‎ His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color. He turned his ‎ head to one side.‎ ‎"What change?" he asked, trying to appear calm.‎ ‎“ When the promise was made two years ago, ” she said, my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person?”‎ ‎“I wish you to understand, “ Laura continued, “that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow mc to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive mc and keep my secret."‎ ‎‘I will do both those things, “ he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more. "I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage, “ she added quietly. “ No. You have said enough to make it the dearest wish of my life to marry you, “ he said.‎ ‎---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎61. We can learn from the passage that .‎ A. Laura had once promised to marry Percival B. Laura's father wished to end her marriage C. Percival had been married to Laura for two years D. Percival asked to be released from the marriage 文章取材题秘诀5：若首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC等提示,如(XINHUA NET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,则选项一定与news有关!‎ ‎【辽宁卷C篇】‎ If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles.He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. ‎ While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. ‎ But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. ‎ In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy（哲学）.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. ‎ So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well. ‎ Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. ‎ As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. ‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎67. The passage is likely to appear in ___________. ‎ A. a biography B. a history paper ‎ C.a newspaper D. a philosophy textbook 文章取材题秘诀6：文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比如book,可能是书的前言或简介,若有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,则可能是广告(advertisement)!‎ ‎【湖北卷C篇】This brief book is aimed at high school students , but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.‎ Its formal ,serious style closely matches its content ,a school-masterly book on schooling .The author , W .H . Armstrong ,starts with the basics : reading and writing . In his opinion , reading doesn’t just mean recognizing each word on the page ; it means taking in the information,digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself .The goal is to bring the information back to life , not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees . Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other ; in fact ,the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text .I’ve seen it again and again ：some-one who can’t express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn’t read it at all.‎ Only a third of the book remains after that discussion ,which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages ,math , science and history . He generally handles these topics thoroughly(透彻地) and equally ,except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion(激情) regarding history to his students , that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across .To my disappointment , in this part of the book he ignores the arts .As a matter of fact ,they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do,though the study differs slightly in kind .Although it’s commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired ,actually ,learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.‎ My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s—none of the references(参考文献)seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.‎ These are small points, though, and don’t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎66. This passage can be classified as________.‎ ‎ A. an advertisement B. a book review ‎ C. a feature story D. A news report ‎【北京卷A篇】‎ The Basics of Math—Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.‎ The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.‎ Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.‎ By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.‎ Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.‎ With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses ‎ include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.‎ If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.‎ ‎---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?‎ ‎ A. A news report. B. A book review ‎ C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement 文体结构题秘诀4：指定段落有a man, one man, such as等信号词时, 结构为举例(examples).‎ ‎【江西卷D篇】‎ ‎　　Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly.‎ ‎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎72．How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph2?‎ ‎ A．By giving instructions． B．By analyzing cause and effect．‎ ‎ C．By following the order of time． D．By giving examples．‎ ‎【全国新课标D篇】‎ One explanation is the law of overlearning , which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it.‎ In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.‎ The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the eeneral rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.‎ ‎---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎68.The author explains the law of overlearning by_________.‎ A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples 词汇答题秘诀12：模凌两可处如何处理？向该词就近信息点靠拢！向高频答案词特征靠拢！选择范围大的！‎ ‎【重庆卷A篇】There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckers. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.‎ ‎56. What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?‎ A. Dirty B. Dark C. Worn-out D. Plain-looking.‎ ‎ 被动答案特征！‎ 作者态度题秘诀11：高频答案词caring（关心的； 有同情心的）‎ ‎【天津卷B篇】‎ ‎45. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?‎ ‎ A. Reliable and devoted. B. Tough and generous. ‎ C. Proud but patient. D. Strict but caring.‎ ‎【辽宁卷B篇】‎ ‎61. Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS ?‎ ‎ A. The are caring and thoughtful ‎ B. The are impatient and annoyed ‎ C. The are impatient and annoyed. ‎ D. The are excited and curious. ‎ ‎【全国Ⅱ卷A篇】‎ ‎45.Which of the following best describes Brownie?‎ A. Shy B. Polite C. Brave D. Caring 更多阅读高分秘术和高频答案词尽在2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案中.艺考生和体考生只要记住阅读高频答案词,就有可能70%正确,再结合吴老师的2013高考英语阅读高分秘术(技巧密籍:www.sypeterwu.com),一本,二本不再是梦!同时也为考重点大学满分攻略带来了答案原理依据!‎ 答题步骤:首句定位;排比;逻辑关系;指代+同现或复现;连接词+同现或复现;先易后难,缩小范围,从而高分突破!‎ How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. ‎ ‎1. Associate with others. ‎ The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. ‎ ‎2.Start a conversation Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. ‎ ‎3. 73 ‎ Choosing friends with common interests is important in building ‎ friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. ‎ ‎4.Let it grow. ‎ It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74 . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. ‎ ‎5.Enjoy your friendship The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. ‎ A. Be cheerful. ‎ B. Do things together. ‎ C. Do not wait to be spoken to. ‎ D. Try not to find fault with your friends. ‎ E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. ‎ F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. ‎ G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. ‎ ‎71空发现复现词friend,根据吴军高考英语7选5法则转折关系(形容词或副词相反,转折),选E; 72空根据吴军7选5法则同现原则, spoken to与conversation关联,所以选C; 73空看到每段都是祁使句,而只有B项中有与原文中的复现词together,所以选B; 74空就近原则指代一致you,复现一致your friend,所以选G; 75空后面有them ‎,说明前面有复数名词,再加上否定句结构排比Try not to,所以75空选D.‎ Dear Diana,‎ Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Anne's ‎ had of friend. Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible Unfortunately accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In ‎ as miles the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park ‎ ‎ until ‎ here,Gina nearly got knocked over as ∧car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They there a We finally dropped Gina off at her parents' and made our own way to home.‎