英语卷·2018届上海市徐汇区高三下学期质量调研测试（二模）（2018-04）

英语卷·2018届上海市徐汇区高三下学期质量调研测试（二模）（2018-04）

‎2017学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语　试卷 ‎（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）　 　　　　　　2018.4‎ I. Listening Comprehension ‎ Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1. A. Worried and frightened. B. Relaxed and happy.‎ C. Quite embarrassed. D. Deeply ashamed. ‎ ‎2. A. Bill has never used a calculator. B. Bill can work better without a calculator. ‎ C. Bill is working with a calculator. D. Bill needs a calculator for this work.‎ ‎3. A. To cut his jeans short. B. To go on a diet.‎ C. To wear fitted clothes. D. To buy a pair of jeans.‎ ‎4. A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form. ‎ C. Talking with a friend. D. Asking for information.‎ ‎5. A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended. ‎ C. Mail her report to the publisher. D. Improve some parts of her paper.‎ ‎6. A. Make some coffee. B. Meet the woman at the library.‎ C. Continue to read. D. Go out with some friends.‎ ‎7. A. The man should buy a different meal ticket every month. ‎ B. Buying the meal ticket won’t save the man any money. ‎ C.  It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately.‎ D. The price of a meal may vary from month to month. ‎ ‎8. A. She’s upset that she missed the television program.‎ B. She doesn’t think the television program was funny.‎ C. She doesn’t like talking about television programs.‎ D. She watched the television program at a friend’s house.‎ ‎9. A. He doubts the woman’s words. B. He hasn’t read the novel yet.‎ C. He enjoyed reading the novel a lot. D. He is not interested in the novel at all.‎ ‎10. A. The talks haven’t started yet. B. They have come to a general agreement. ‎ C. The talks haven’t achieved much. D. The talks broke down and went no further.‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎11. A. They learn singing and dancing. B. They attend outdoor music festivals.‎ C. They work on the farm for charity. D. They volunteer to work for others.‎ ‎12. A. On the beach. B. In a park. C. On a farm. D. In a stadium.‎ ‎13. A. It is run on a profit-making basis. B. It has achieved growing success.‎ C. Fans can have free lunch there. D. Only superstars are invited to perform.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎14. A. The number of refugees is increasing sharply.‎ ‎   B. Most refugees cannot get necessary services.‎ ‎   C. Many refugee children cannot receive education.‎ ‎  D. More children cannot afford to go to university.‎ ‎15. A. No host nations want to change education systems.‎ ‎   B. It is impossible to find so many extra teachers.‎ ‎   C. Parents can’t afford to send their kids to school.‎ ‎   D. The refugee population grows but there’s not enough money.‎ ‎16. A. The necessity of education. ‎ B. The prohibition of child labor.‎ C. The victims of armed conflicts. ‎ D. The living conditions of the poor.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.‎ ‎17. A. It has started a week-long promotion campaign.‎ B. It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.‎ C. It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.‎ D. It specializes in the sale of men’s suits.‎ ‎18. A. Price reductions for its frequent customers.‎ B. Gift cards for customers with any purchases.‎ C. Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.‎ D. Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.‎ ‎19. A. Mail a gift card to her. B. Allow her to buy on credit.‎ C. Credit it to her account. D. Give her cash directly.‎ ‎20. A. It has already been sold out. B. It will be sent to the woman by mail.‎ C. It is not available for the moment. D. It is one of the items on sale.‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Traveling Frog Stimulates Reflection A free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being available only in Japanese. ‎ Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”, the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog’s garden (22)________ ________ they can use them to buy supplies for the frog’s journeys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.‎ While news of the game’s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn’t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog” on Monday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download) games from Apple’s app store in China. It is being widely discussed on social media, (24)__________ users post photos of their frogs’ adventures.‎ Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collecting game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in “Travel Frog”, local media outlets reported that the game’s slow nature was part of its charm. ‎ The game was popular as it “tapped the trend among younger generations in China to search out ‘Zen-like’ activities”, China Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those users were taken with its “Buddha-style gameplay”.‎ But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People’s Daily suggested that people (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves and “avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth”.‎ As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported. That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users 30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt (29)___________(improve) gameplay. ‎ While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume” in 2015. ‎ Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. ‎ A. alarming B. properties C. revealed D. invasive E. rescue F. instrumental ‎ G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiatives Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, ‎ and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.‎ Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.‎ Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.‎ Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __(41)__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __(42)__. ‎ The greatest __(43)__ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __(44)__ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __(45)__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __(46)__, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __(47)__. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.‎ Mindless activity is the __(48)__ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __(49)__. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __(50)__, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.‎ Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world? ‎ The first effective feedback system is __(51)__. This holds true for the number of pages we ‎ read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __(52)__ of whether we are getting better or worse.‎ The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for __(53)__ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __(54)__ to delivering your best effort each day. ‎ Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __(55)__, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.‎ ‎41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As ‎ ‎42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence ‎43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal ‎44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement ‎45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform ‎46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand ‎47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically ‎ ‎48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute ‎49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted ‎50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return ‎51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management ‎52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern ‎53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining ‎54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel ‎55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspective Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. ‎ ‎(A)‎ ‎ Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We’ve all had that feeling. But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to?‎ Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth. ‎ Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question “Did you steal Fatima’s bag?”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I ‎ do that?” In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.‎ Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying. ‎ It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.‎ Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often. ‎ ‎56. By saying “Liars also use deflection”, the writer means that liars may __________.‎ A. tell great stories B. change tone of voice C. ask a question in reply D. avoid direct answers ‎57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.‎ A. offers more information than necessary B. appears to be shy or nervous C. changes the subject of the conversation D. speaks very fast and vaguely ‎58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?‎ A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.‎ B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.‎ C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.‎ D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.‎ ‎59. The passage mainly talks about __________.‎ A. who deceives us B. why people tell lies C. how to detect lies D. what to do with liars ‎ (B)‎ More On:‎ go to greg Is omitting jobs from a resume lying?‎ ‎-----------------------‎ How to handle stress at work Letter 1‎ January 28, 2018 | 3:31pm I work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It seems to me ‎------------------------‎ How can men and women work better together?‎ ‎------------------------‎ How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume?‎ ‎------------------------‎ What to do if you drank too much at the company holiday party ‎ that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree? Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond?‎ The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It’s not like we don’t have enough in our inbox already. I don’t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you’ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best and what you recommend. ‎ Letter 2 ‎ January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pm It’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer?‎ The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that’s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your current relationship, right? At least I hope not, otherwise you’re likely to be as lonely as Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It’s Just Another New Year’s Eve”.‎ ‎60. What is discussed in the first letter?‎ A. How to ask questions in a polite way. B. How to respond to a false charge.‎ C. How to make a correction at work. D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.‎ ‎61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________. ‎ A. talking about your family issues in public B. complaining about your prior partner on a first date C. demonstrating your qualifications to your new boss D. bragging about your experience to your partner ‎62. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s __________.‎ A. career choices B. social relationships C. working problems D. health problems ‎(C)‎ Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.‎ The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.‎ It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies. ‎ Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).‎ There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant. ‎ But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions. ‎ ‎63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?‎ A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.‎ B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.‎ C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.‎ D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.‎ ‎64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?‎ A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.‎ B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.‎ C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.‎ D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.‎ ‎65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.‎ B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.‎ C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile. ‎ D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.‎ ‎66. The purpose of this article is to ___________.‎ A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiency B. explain the result of a recent scientific study C. introduce some recent progress in medical research D. highlight the possible problems of research studies Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ A. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.‎ B. In that way, a problem shared can really be a problem halved.‎ C. Girls are more likely than boys to co-ruminate with their close friends.‎ D. Indeed, having close friends to trust may protect you against poor mental health.‎ E. This human tendency to work things out in one’s mind, is common.‎ F. How you co-ruminate matters too.‎ People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it. ‎ The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings. ‎ ‎(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests. ‎ ‎(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in ‎ social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.‎ Discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties. (70)________________‎ IV．Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. ‎ A Workaholic Economy Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress.‎ There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure. ‎ Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因) involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder.‎ For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It’s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm’s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly.‎ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. ‎ ‎1. 这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。(provide)‎ ‎2. 缩小贫富差距是政府面临的主要挑战之一。(face) ‎ ‎3. 只有充分利用有限的时间, 才能适应快节奏的现代生活。（Only） ‎ ‎4. 毫无疑问，无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用之前还有不少问题需要解决。(remain) ‎ VI. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given ‎ below in Chinese. ‎ 成长道路上难免遇到来自同伴的压力（peer pressure）。同伴压力可能给我们带来积极或消极的影响。请结合自己生活中的一个具体事例, 谈谈你的体会。‎ 注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称。‎