河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试卷 Word版含解析

河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试卷 Word版含解析

- 1 - 河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021 届高三第一次诊断考试 英语 第一部分 听力（共两节） 第一节（共 5 小题） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Where is the woman speaker now? A．In the bedroom. B．In the living room. C．In the kitchen. 2．What did the man buy? A．Green tea. B．Orange juice. C．Hot chocolate. 3．What does the woman ask the man to do? A．Move some boxes. B．Make a phone call. C．Drive a car. 4．Where are the speakers most probably? A．In the cafeteria. B．In an office. C．In the woman's house. 5．What are the speakers talking about? A．Which film to watch. B．Whether to watch a film. C．When to watch a film. 第二节（共 15 小题） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每 小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6．What is the purpose of the man's call? A．To confirm an appointment. B．To cancel an appointment. C．To postpone an appointment. 7．When will the woman go to the clinic? A．On July 16th. B．On July 20th. C．On July 21st. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 - 2 - 8．How did the man feel about his trip to Florence? A．He hated the crowd everywhere. B．He particularly liked the Italian food. C．He loved everything except for the hotel. 9．What does the man suggest the woman do? A．Learn Italian. B．Buy a suitcase. C．Reserve a hotel. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10．Who is the Best Car Design Prize winner? A．Mr. Giddings. B．Ms. Miller. C．Mr. Zarba. 11．Where is the Hyatt Hotel? A．On the left side of Granville Avenue. B．Opposite a department store. C．Across from a bank. 12．What do we know about the Best Car Design competition? A．It was very fierce. B．There were few competitors. C．The winner will receive much money. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13．Why did Marta quit her first job? A．It was really badly paid. B．The staff were quite unfriendly. C．The boss took no interest in her ideas. 14．What does Marta find most surprising about the mobile restaurant? A．All is advertised online. B．Food is never thrown away. C．Menus can be easily changed. 15．What is the best thing about the mobile restaurant for Marta? A．Customers pay in advance. B．She can work outdoors. C．No waiter is needed. 16．What brought difficulty to Marta when she did a meal on a beach? A．The sun. B．The wind. C．The rain. - 3 - 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17．What can we learn about the band's music? A．It is nice to hear while eating. B．It is intended for young people. C．It is easy for people to dance to. 18．How many people are there in the band? A．Six. B．Eight. C．Twelve. 19．How did the speaker get to know the band? A．From a friend. B．From a newspaper. C．From a band member. 20．Why was the speaker chosen to join the band? A．He was good at playing the guitar. B．They were looking for a singer C．They heard him singing somewhere. 第二部分 阅读（共两节） 第一节（共 15 小题） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A There are many places worth visiting in the world. Here are some of the places that almost every person wants to see in their life. Santorini This is one of the most amazing places in the world. It is said to have been destroyed in the 16th century. It has been rebuilt and its beauty increases with every passing day. There are a lot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on any of these would be an unforgettable experience. The Capilano Suspension Bridge An amazing place to visit in the world is the Capilano Suspension Bridge. This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canada. Its beauty appeals to visitors from all over the world. It's almost 140 meters long and 70 meters above the river. Rome Another beautiful place to visit is the ancient city of Rome in Italy. It is also known as the center of Western civilization. This city was founded in 753 BC. The Colosseum (罗马斗兽场), - 4 - which is one of the world's most symbolic monuments, is also in Rome. The Taj Mahal It is also a good choice to visit the Taj Mahal in India. It is called the monument of love and built to show Mughal Emperor Shah Jeha's love for his wife. It is located on the south bank of the Yamuna River. Its ivory-white color attracts many tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building. 1. What can visitors do in Santorini? A. Go sunbathing. B. Visit the monument of love. C. Climb the suspension bridge. D. Experience western civilization. 2. To which country does the Capilano Suspension Bridge belong? A. Italy. B. Greece. C. England. D. Canada. 3. What do we know about the Taj Mahal from the passage? A. Its roof is made of ivory. B. It is a typical Mughal style building. C. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah as his tomb. D. It is located on the north bank of the Yamuna River. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。世界上有许多值得参观的地方，文章主要介绍了四个旅行目的地的情况。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are a lot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on any of these would be an unforgettable experience.(希腊有很多岛屿，在其中任何一个岛屿上进行日光浴都将 是一次难忘的经历)”可知，游客在圣托里尼岛可以进行日光浴。故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canada.( 这座桥位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华)”可知，卡皮拉诺吊桥属于加拿 大。故选 D。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Its ivory-white color attracts many tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building.(它象牙白色的颜色吸引了许多游客，它是莫卧儿建筑艺术 - 5 - 的奇迹之一)”可知，泰姬陵是一个典型的莫卧儿风格的建筑。故选 B。 B The cola wars became a cultural phenomenon. Credit for that goes to Donald Kendall, PepsiCo's brilliant former boss, who died on September 19th aged 99. A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm's top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35. Seven years later he was named CEO. In 1974 he invested in the Soviet Union, which allowed Pepsi to become the first Western product to be legally sold behind the iron curtain. By the time he resigned as boss in 1986, PepsiCo's sales had shot up nearly 40 times, to $ 7.6 billion. His legacy continues to shape the industry. Mr. Kendall offered a mix of strategic vision, principled leadership and marketing talent. Two years after taking charge he acquired Frito-Lay, a leading producer of snacks, giving PepsiCo an advantage of diversity that continues to this day. PepsiCo brought in $ 67 billion last year in sales compared to Coca-Cola's $ 37 billion. But his most famous move was the all-out marketing blitz (闪电战) against Coca-Cola, long the global market leader in non-alcoholic drinks. The two firms had competed for decades, but they mostly fought low-grade battles. Mr. Kendall changed that, by forcing both companies into an advertising arms race. In 1975 Coca-Cola spent around $ 25 million on advertising and PepsiCo some $18 million. By 1985 those figures had shot up to $ 72 million and $ 57 million, respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million. This was a risky strategy for both cola competitors but it paid off by helping non-alcoholic drinks win a greater "share of throat". Last year Coca-Cola and PepsiCo remained in the leading position as usual. Also, the cola wars benefited both companies by turning them into "the world's best marketers". Today a decades-long addiction to cut-price quantity growth has been replaced by a focus on income and profits. 4. What was Donald Kendall's first position in PepsiCo? A. CEO. B. A worker. C. A salesman. D. Marketing executive. 5. What can we learn about Cola companies from the passage? A. PepsiCo has always been ahead of Coca-cola in sales. - 6 - B. Coca-Cola preferred low-grade battles to marketing wars. C. Coca-Cola bought a snack firm to enrich its product diversity. D. PepsiCo spent $ 30 million more than Coca-cola in advertising in 1995. 6. Why does the author list the figures in the fourth paragraph? A. To prove the success of both Cola companies in advertising products. B. To suggest both Cola companies spent too much money in advertising. C. To describe how PepsiCo got ahead of Coca-Cola in the fierce marketing wars. D. To confirm marketing wars between the Cola companies were a wise move. 7. What is the passage mainly about? A. Donald Kendall was to blame for the cola cultural phenomenon. B. Donald Kendall was the most successful boss in PepsiCo history. C. Donald Kendall started the cola blitz wars and achieved great success. D. Donald Kendall's marketing strategies benefited both Cola companies. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了百事可乐杰出的前任老板唐纳德•肯德尔利用营销策略，发 动可乐大战并取得巨大成功的故事。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm's top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35” 可知，Donald Kendall 作为一名有天赋的推销员，他最一开始在生产线上工作，在 35 岁的时 候迅速晋升为公司的销售和营销高管。由此可知，他最一开始是生产线上的一个工人。故选 B。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million”可 知，1995 年百事可乐的支出是 1.12 亿美元，超过可口可乐是 8200 万美元。由此推知，百事 可乐在 1995 年在广告上的花费比可口可乐多 30 万美元。outspend 意为“开支比……更大，花 费超过……”。故选 D。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In 1975 Coca-Cola spent around $ 25 million on advertising and PepsiCo some $18 million. By 1985 those figures had shot up to $ 72 million and $ 57 million, - 7 - respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million”可知，1975 年，可口可 乐在广告上花了大约 2500 万美元，百事可乐花了大约 1800 万美元。到 1985 年，这些数字分 别上升到 7200 万美元和 5700 万美元。1995 年百事可乐的支出超过可口可乐 1.12 亿美元，达 到 8200 万美元。很明显，列举这些数字就是为了说明两家公司为了获取市场，在广告方面的 激烈竞争。结合选项，C 选项表达此意。故选 C。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段提到：可乐大战成为了一种文化现象。这要归功于唐纳德·肯德尔。二段 主要介绍了 Donald Kendall 对百事可乐公司的巨大贡献。第三段主要介绍肯德尔收购了零食生 产商菲多利，使百事可乐公司占据优势。第四段主要介绍肯德尔的全面的营销策略，这使得 百事可乐和可口可乐两家公司进入激烈的广告战。最后一段介绍了肯德尔发起的可乐大战带 来的影响。因此整篇文章主要介绍了肯德尔发动可乐大战，并获得巨大成功的过程。C 选项切 题。故选 C。 C Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For more than a decade, several Conservative prime ministers have declared obesity a national emergency and promised to take thorough action, only to produce disappointing plans that fall far shy of what is required. It should not have taken a disease like Covid-19 to ram home the awful consequences of the UK's obesity. Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes and high blood pressure, is strongly associated with a higher risk of death from Covid-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest Covid death rate in Europe. As the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson's experience of catching the virus and being admitted to ICU has reportedly resulted in a complete change in him, who has previously prided himself on his dislike to an over-controlling state. The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months—ahead of a possible second wave of infections—and the longer term. This apparent change is welcome, but only if it results in a complete change in the government's approach, which doesn't rely on personal responsibility but on much tougher regulation, as with tobacco and alcohol. There is abundant evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years report after - 8 - report, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action. Yet these calls were ignored by Conservative ministers who have seemingly put the food and drink industry's financial interests over the health of the nation. 8. What have Conservative prime ministers done with obesity in the past ten years? A. They have denied it is a national emergency. B. They have called for immediate action on it. C. They have taken thorough steps to control it. D. They have made unsatisfying plans to reduce it. 9. What does the underlined phrase "ram home" in the second paragraph probably mean? A. Make people rather tired of. B. Make people fully aware of. C. Make people highly skeptical of. D. Make people deeply ashamed of. 10. What will the British government probably do next? A. It will probably issue a new strategy to cut obesity. B. It will probably lay less stress on financial interests. C. It will probably set stricter limits on tobacco and alcohol. D. It will probably take action to reduce Covid-19 death rate. 11. What's the best title for the passage? A. Obesity, an Urgent Issue in the UK B. UK, a Country Suffering from Covid-19 C. UK, a Country Ready for a Complete Change D. Obesity, a Cause of Highest Covid Death Rate 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文 章介绍了英国政府对这一问题所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For more than a decade, several Conservative prime ministers have declared obesity a national emergency and promised to take thorough action, only to produce disappointing plans that fall far shy of what is required.(十多年来，几位保守党首相已宣布肥胖问 题为国家紧急情况，并承诺采取彻底行动，结果却出台了令人失望的计划，远远达不到所需 - 9 - 的目标)”可知，在过去十年里，保守党首相们制定了不令人满意的计划来减少肥胖问题。故 选 D。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes and high blood pressure, is strongly associated with a higher risk of death from Covid-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest Covid death rate in Europe.(肥胖以及与之 相关的糖尿病和高血压与 Covid-19 死亡风险较高密切相关，而且毫无疑问将在英国成为欧洲 Covid-19 死亡率最高的一个因素)”以及“the awful consequences of the UK's obesity”可知，作 者认为不应该用 Covid-19 这样的疾病来让人们充分意识到肥胖的可怕后果，故画线词意思为 “使人们充分意识到”。故选 B。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months—ahead of a possible second wave of infections—and the longer term.( 政府预计将于本周制定一项新战略，旨在在未来几个月——可 能出现第二波感染之前以及更长期内降低肥胖水平)”可推知，英国政府下一步可能会发布一 项减少肥胖的新政策。故选 A。 【11 题详解】 主旨 大意 题。根 据第一 段中“Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).(在经济合作与发展组织中，英国是第六大肥 胖国家)”结合文章主要说明了英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文章介 绍了英国政府对这一问题所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。可知，A 选项“肥胖——英国的一 个紧迫问题”最符合文章标题，故选 A。 D Robots are getting better at doing human jobs. That's probably good for the economy—but there are some serious downsides, too. Machines are expected to displace about 20 million manufacturing jobs across the world over the next decade, according to a report released by Oxford Economics, a global forecasting and quantitative analysis firm. That means about 8.5% of the global manufacturing workforce could be displaced by robots. The report also notes that the move to robots tends to create new jobs as fast as it automates them; - 10 - however, it could contribute to income inequality. The use of robots is on the rise: at this point, every new robot that is installed (安装) displaces 1.6 manufacturing workers on average, according to the Oxford Economic model. Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers, in part because of the falling costs of machines. And they are increasingly capable of functioning in more complex processes and varied contexts. On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising. One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality. "This great displacement will not be evenly distributed around the world, or within countries," according to the report. "Our research shows that the negative effects of robotization are disproportionately (不成比例地) felt in the lower-income regions compared with higher-income regions of the same country." The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation, according to the report. On the whole, the increased use of automation will likely create new jobs at a pace comparable to the jobs that will be lost, which cancels out fears about permanent job destruction, according to the Oxford study. That said, the poorer regions that are expected to lose the most jobs will probably not benefit equally from this new job creation due to a gap in skills. That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions. 12. What "downside" does the author mainly discuss? A. People will not be able to find jobs in the future. B. Robots will finally take the place of people. C. Displacement by robots will increase income inequality. D. Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers. 13. What do the workers need to do to compete with robots in the future? A. To make robots help them with the harder work. B. To improve their innovative ability and knowledge. C. To move to larger cities or more developed countries. D. To make their skills faster and easier to be automated. 14. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? - 11 - A. The increased use of automation will create more jobs. B. People needn't worry about permanent job destruction. C The poorer countries will not benefit from automation. D. The income gap between cities and rural regions will widen. 15. What can we conclude from the passage? A. Robots should be banned in the future because of the disadvantages. B. Robots can do more and better than humans in complicated processes. C. The increasing need for manufactured goods partly contributes to robotization. D. The negative effects of robotization will be evenly distributed around the world. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了机器人越来越擅长做人类的工作。这可能对经济有好处， 但也有一些严重的负面影响。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality.”（机器人革命的一个潜在缩减:自动化可能会加剧收入不平等。）可 知，机器人的替代将加剧收入不平等。故选 C。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation, according to the report.”（在制造业中推动知识和创新的工人往往集中在较大的城市，而这些技能更难实现自 动化。报告称，这就是为什么城市地区将更好地应对自动化程度提高的原因。）可知，工人需 要提高他们的创新能力和知识，以在未来与机器人竞争。故选 B。 【14 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions.”（这将导致城市和农村以及地区之间的收入不平等加 剧。）可知，最后一段主要讲述了城乡收入差距进一步扩大。故选 D。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.”（除 - 12 - 此之外，对制成品的需求也在上升。）可推知，对制成品日益增长的需求在一定程度上推动了 机器人化。故选 C。 第二节（共 5 小题） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。 Life can be challenging for teens. They must deal with schoolwork, family life and friends at the same time to fit. Feeling of sadness, frustration and irritability are common. _____16_____ Their negative feelings don't come and go. Instead, those intense feelings can point to a disease called depression—one that may require treatment. It's easy to think that depressed people simply feel sad or hopeless. For many teens that may be true. _____17_____ Some kids withdraw from friends and family. Others respond with angry outbursts. Some teens may skip school or stop eating or sleeping. Teachers, parents or even a teen's close friends may find it hard to tell whether these behaviors are just part of being a teens or signs of something truly serious. Even depressed teens may not realize they have this problem. _____18_____ More than three million Americans between the ages of 12 and 17 experienced depression in 2019. However, a study by researchers at Harvard and Yale universities found that half of all teens with depression don't get help until they become adults. And only one in three will have been diagnosed by their doctor. _____19_____ "I can only work with what you give me," Dee says, the mental-health professional in Lincoln, Neb. Dee says, peers should also seek for signs of depression. Keep an eye on your friends, she recommends. Watch for symptoms of isolation (孤立) or hopelessness. _____20_____ Any of these behaviors could be a symptom of depression. Overall, knowing who—and how—to help is essential for successfully treating depression in teens. A. And the share of those affected is high. B. Some may start abusing alcohol or drugs. C. Teens should be honest with their answers. - 13 - D. The problem is that depression in teens can be hard to spot. E. There is a link between mental illness and suicide in teens. F. But for some teens, those emotions take a more extreme turn. G. Even skipping classes can be a sign that something serious is going on. 【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. G 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章中介绍了青少年患抑郁症的现象。青少年患抑郁症的情况越来越严重。 但是，问题在于发现抑郁症很难，甚至连青少年本人都没有意识到自己的问题。专家提出， 家长、老师和青少年本人都要关注青少年抑郁的问题。 【16 题详解】 上文“Life can be challenging for teens. They must deal with schoolwork, family life and friends at the same time to fit. Feelings of sadness, frustration and irritability are common.”（对于青少年来 说，生活是充满挑战的。他们必须同时兼顾学业、家庭生活和朋友。悲伤、沮丧和易怒的情 绪是很常见的。）以及下文“Their negative feelings don't come and go. Instead, those intense feelings can point to a disease called depression—one that may require treatment”（他们的消极情 绪不会来来去去。相反，这些强烈的感觉可能导致一种叫做抑郁症的疾病，可能需要治疗。） 根据空前和空后内容可知，该空和上文应是转折关系。后文中提到的抑郁症是消极情绪极端 化的体现。F 选项：但对一些青少年来说，这些情绪发生了更极端的转变。故选 F。 【17 题详解】 上文“It's easy to think that depressed people simply feel sad or hopeless. For many teens that may be true”（人们很容易认为抑郁的人只是感到悲伤或绝望。对很多青少年来说，这可能是真的。） 下 文 “Teachers, parents or even a teen's close friends may find it hard to tell whether these behaviors are just part of being a teens or signs of something truly serious”（老师、家长甚至是青 少年的密友可能很难判断这些行为是青少年的一部分，还是一些真正严重的迹象。）由此推知， 抑郁很难发现。D 选项 hard to spot 切题。故选 D。 【18 题详解】 下文“More than three million Americans between the ages of 12 and 17 experienced depression in 2019”（2019 年，超过 300 万 12 岁至 17 岁的美国人经历过抑郁症。）该空引出下文，A 选项 “受影响的比例很高”符合语境。故选 A。 【19 题详解】 - 14 - 根据下文精神健康专家 Dee 说的话“I can only work with what you give me”（我只会根据患者 告诉我的情况开展工作。）C 选项“青少年应该对自己的问题做出诚实的回答”符合语境。故 选 C。 【20 题详解】 根据空后的“these behaviors could be a symptom of depression(这些行为可能是抑郁症的症 状)”可知，该空应该指出抑郁症的一些行为。G 选项“Even skipping classes can be a sign that something serious is going on(甚至逃课也可能是有严重问题发生的信号)。该选项中的 even 是 对前文“symptoms of isolation (孤立) or hopelessness”的递进。故选 G。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节） 第一节（共 15 小题） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。 Kids love percussion instruments (打击乐器). In truth, becoming a percussionist requires a great deal of _____21_____ and practice. It was believed that one more thing was vital—a good sense of hearing. Dame Evelyn Glennie, _____22_____, has proven that isn't always true. At age 8, Glennie began taking piano lessons, and she also began losing her hearing. She was totally deaf when she joined her school orchestra (管弦乐队) at 12. The moment Glennie saw the _____23_____ in the percussion section, she knew that was where she _____24_____. At 15, She _____25_____ the Royal Academy of Music in London for a solo percussionist. However, never hearing of it, they were unsure about accepting her. Ever _____26_____, she persuaded them to take her. Since Glennie made her first professional _____27_____ in 1985, she has gained fame as the world's first fulltime solo percussionist and won many awards. When asked how she _____28_____ the music, she says, "I use all my _____29_____, especially sight, feeling and touch." Paying close attention to the _____30_____ and relying on feeling the music, she performs in bare feet on a wooden platform, which _____31_____ her to feel vibrations (震动) from the instruments through the floor. She is in _____32_____ motion as she moves from one instrument to the next. She has become a(n) _____33_____ wherever she performs. As a writer observed, "She was able to _____34_____ disabilities aren't barriers. They're _____35_____ to thinking differently." - 15 - 21. A. score B. skill C. research D. goal 22. A. also B. ever C. still D. though 23. A. restrictions B. instruments C. directions D. vehicles 24. A. belonged B. adapted C. resisted D. wandered 25. A. participated in B. attended to C. applied to D. took up 26. A. disappointed B. excited C. annoyed D. determined 27. A. appearance B. decision C. promise D. choice 28. A. creates B. learns C. follows D. appreciates 29. A. strengths B. senses C. imagination D. experience 30. A. composer B. conductor C. audience D. assistant 31. A. forces B. drives C. causes D. allows 32. A. constant B. slow C. steady D. fierce 33. A. contribution B. belief C. inspiration D. concern 34. A. suspect B. admit C. prove D. expect 35. A. ends B. solutions C. blocks D. doors 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了听力障碍人士 Dame Evelyn Glennie 通过自身不断努力，成为了 一名打击乐手的故事。她无论到哪里表演，都给人以鼓舞。正如一位作家所说，“她能够证 明残疾并不是障碍。它们是开启不同思维的大门。” 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，成为一名打击乐手需要大量的技巧和练习。A. score 分数； B. skill 技能；C. research 研究；D. goal 目标。根据前后文“becoming a percussionist requires a great deal of … and practice”以及常识，可知成为一名打击乐手需要大量的技巧和练习。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 - 16 - 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，伊夫林·格兰尼夫人已经证明了这并不总是正确的。A. also 也；B. ever 曾经；C. still 仍然；D. though 然而，虽然。根据前后文语境，可知为转折关系， 应用 though。故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：格兰尼一看到打击乐器区的乐器，就知道那是她的归宿。A. restrictions 限制；B. instruments 乐器；C. directions 方向；D. vehicles 车辆。根据后文“in the percussion section”以及“feel vibrations from the instruments”可知是看到打击乐器区的乐器。 故选 B。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：格兰尼一看到打击乐器区的乐器，就知道那是她的归宿。A. belonged 属于；B. adapted 适应；C. resisted 反抗；D. wandered 徘徊。结合后文“for a solo percussionist” 可知格兰尼想要成为打击乐手，说明她意识到自己喜欢打击乐，属于打击乐。故选 A。 【25 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：15 岁时，她向伦敦皇家音乐学院申请独奏打击乐手。A. participated in 参加；B. attended to 照料；C. applied to 申请，应用于；D. took up 拿起。根据后文“the Royal Academy of Music in London”可知格兰尼向伦敦皇家音乐学院提出申请。故选 C。 【26 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下定决心后，她说服他们录取了她。A. disappointed 失望的；B. excited 激动的；C. annoyed 恼怒的；D. determined 坚决的。根据上文“However, never hearing of it, they were unsure about accepting her.”以及后文“she persuaded them to take her.”可知下 定了决心后，格兰尼说服学院录取了自己。故选 D。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从 1985 年格兰尼第一次参加职业表演以来，她作为世界上第一 个全职的打击乐手获得了声誉，并获得了许多奖项。A. appearance 出现，外貌；B. decision 决 定；C. promise 承诺；D. choice 选择。结合后文“she has gained fame as the world's first fulltime solo percussionist and won many awards”可知格兰尼在1985年第一次参加了职业表演。故选A。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及她如何跟随音乐时，她说:“我运用我所有的感官，尤其 是视觉、感觉和触觉。”A. creates 创造；B. learns 学习；C. follows 跟随；D. appreciates 形式。 结合后文“the music”可知是指格兰尼如何跟上音乐进行演奏。故选 C。 - 17 - 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及她如何跟随音乐时，她说:“我运用我所有的感官，尤其 是视觉、感觉和触觉。”A. strengths 优点；B. senses 感官；C. imagination 想象；D. experience 经历。结合后文“especially sight, feeling and touch”可知格兰尼运用自己的感官来跟随音乐。 故选 B。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她密切注意指挥并依靠于感觉音乐，光着脚在一个木制平台上表 演，这让她能够感受到乐器通过地板发出的震动。A. composer 作曲家；B. conductor 指挥；C. audience 观众；D. assistant 助手。根据上文“Paying close attention to the”以及常识，乐手演奏 时是密切注意台上的指挥。故选 B。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她密切注意指挥并依靠于感觉音乐，光着脚在一个木制平台上表 演，这让她能够感受到乐器通过地板发出的震动。A. forces 强迫；B. drives 驱使；C. causes 造 成；D. allows 允许。根据后文“her to feel vibrations from the instruments through the floor”可知 光脚让格兰尼能够感受到乐器通过地板发出的震动。表示“允许某人做某事”短语为 allow sb. to do sth.。故选 D。 【32 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她不断地从一种乐器移到另一种乐器。A. constant 经常的；B. slow 缓慢的；C. steady 稳定的；D. fierce 激烈的。根据后文“as she moves from one instrument to the next.”可知格兰尼不断从一种乐器移到另一种乐器。故选 A。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她无论到哪里表演，都给人以鼓舞。A. contribution 贡献；B. belief 信念；C. inspiration 鼓舞；D. concern 关心。结合后文“disabilities aren't barriers.”可知格兰尼 证明了残疾并不是障碍，给人鼓舞。故选 C。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她证明了残疾并不是障碍。A. suspect 怀疑；B. admit 承认；C. prove 证明；D. expect 期待。结合后文“disabilities aren't barriers.”可知格兰尼证明了残疾并不是障 碍。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是开启不同思维的大门。A. ends 结束；B. solutions 解决方案； - 18 - C. blocks 街区；D. doors 门。根据后文“to thinking differently”可知此处将残疾比喻为开启不 同思维的大门。故选 D。 第二节（共 10 小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Starting from Nov 1, 2020, people will be knocking on doors across the country to collect personal information. This is for the seventh national population census (人口普查). China _____36_____ (conduct) a national survey every 10 years since the 1990s. _____37_____ (track) down more than 1 billion Chinese citizens is by no means easy. This year, about 7 million staff will be needed to visit homes for registration work. New methods will also be used during this census, _____38_____ (include) online information registration, _____39_____ (apply) of electronic devices and big data, _____40_____ will be convenient for people who are not living where they are _____41_____ (official) registered, as well as those who do not want _____42_____ (bother) by door-to-door surveys. The data is expected to give _____43_____ full picture of the population. It provides support for making national development policies. The census has a large effect on our lives. For instance, areas with a high number of children may receive more funding for public schools. However, citizens' privacy concerns could be one of the _____44_____ (big) challenges. Some may not be willing to give their personal information to census takers. In response to such concerns, Jiangsu's pilot work zone allowed residents to upload personal data on ______45______ own through WeChat. The data will be delivered directly to the National Bureau of Statistics through a WeChat program. 【答案】36. has conducted 37. Tracking 38. including 39. application 40. which 41. officially 42. to be bothered 43. a 44. biggest 45. their 【解析】 - 19 - 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的人口普查活动。从 2020 年 11 月 1 日起，人们将在全 国各地挨家挨户收集个人信息。这是第七次全国人口普查的数据。自上世纪 90 年代以来，中 国每 10 年进行一次全国性调查。介绍了人口普查的作用和此次采取的一些新方法，以及公民 对此的担忧。 【36 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自上世纪 90 年代以来，中国每 10 年进行一次全国性调查。根据后文 since the 1990s 可知应用现在完成时，主语为 China，助动词用 has。故填 has conducted。 【37 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：追踪 10 亿多中国公民绝非易事。分析句子结构可知 track 在句中应 用非谓语动词形式，本句缺少主语，故应用动名词短语作主语，句首单词首字母要大写。故 填 Tracking。 【38 题详解】 考查介词。句意：本次人口普查还将采用新的方法，包括网上信息登记、应用电子设备和大 数据，这将为不在户籍所在地居住的人以及不想被挨家挨户调查打扰的人提供方便。结合句 意表示“包括……”可知应用介词 including。故填 including。 【39 题详解】 考查名词。句意：本次人口普查还将采用新的方法，包括网上信息登记、应用电子设备和大 数据，这将为不在户籍所在地居住的人以及不想被挨家挨户调查打扰的人提供方便。空处作 宾语，表示“应用”应用名词 application，表抽象概念，不可数。故填 application。 【40 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：本次人口普查还将采用新的方法，包括网上信息登记、应用电子设备 和大数据，这将为不在户籍所在地居住的人以及不想被挨家挨户调查打扰的人提供方便。此 处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 methods，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词 which 引导，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填 which。 【41 题详解】 考查副词。句意：本次人口普查还将采用新的方法，包括网上信息登记、应用电子设备和大 数据，这将为不在户籍所在地居住的人以及不想被挨家挨户调查打扰的人提供方便。修饰动 词 register 应用副词 officially，作状语。故填 officially。 【42 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：本次人口普查还将采用新的方法，包括网上信息登记、应用电子设 - 20 - 备和大数据，这将为不在户籍所在地居住的人以及不想被挨家挨户调查打扰的人提供方便。 短语 want to do sth.“想要做某事”，且 bother 与 those 构成被动关系，故应用 to be done 形式。 故填 to be bothered。 【43 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：预计这些数据将充分描述人口现状。结合句意表示“充分描述”可知短语 为 give a full picture of。full 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填 a。 【44 题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：然而，公民的隐私担忧可能是最大的挑战之一。根据上文定冠词 the，以及此处为“one of+形容词最高级+复数名词”可知应填最高级 biggest。故填 biggest。 【45 题详解】 考查代词。句意：为了回应这些担忧，江苏的试验区允许居民通过微信独自上传自己的个人 数据。结合句意表示“独立地，独自”可知短语为 on one’s own，此处指上文 residents 应用代 词 their。故填 their。 第四部分 写作（共两节） 第一节 46. 假定你是李华，你的好友 Tony 来信告诉你他因为数学成绩不好而烦恼，想停止学业去找 工作。请根据以下提示给他回信： 1．对他的想法表示遗憾； 2．不同意他的想法并给出理由； 3．推荐提高成绩的方法。 注意：1．词数 80 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Tony, I am sorry to hear that you want to drop out and hunt for a job owing to your poor math. I strongly oppose your idea, since you can hardly find a suitable job as a high school student. Here are some suggestions on how to improve your math. Listen carefully to the teacher in class and do timely revision after class. Do more math exercises than others and ask your classmates - 21 - or teacher for help when encountering some problems. I do hope you think twice before making a final decision. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友 Tony 写封信，对他因为数学成绩不好而烦恼，想 停止学业去找工作的想法表示遗憾，不同意他的想法并给出理由以及给出提高成绩的方法。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1．对他的想法表示遗憾； 2．不同意他的想法并给出理由； 3．推荐提高成绩的方法。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） drop out; hunt for; owing to; strongly oppose; suitable; suggestions on; carefully; do timely revision; ask sb. for help; encounter; think twice 第三步：连词成句 1. I am sorry to hear that you want to drop out and hunt for a job owing to your poor math. 2. I strongly oppose your idea, since you can hardly find a suitable job as a high school student. 3. Here are some suggestions on how to improve your math. 4. Listen carefully to the teacher in class and do timely revision after class. 5. Do more math exercises than others and ask your classmates or teacher for help when encountering some problems. 6. I do hope you think twice before making a final decision. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 - 22 - 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second（供参考） 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore（供参考） 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] I am sorry to hear that you want to drop out and hunt for a job owing to your poor math. (运用了 that 引导宾语从句) [高分句型 2] I strongly oppose your idea, since you can hardly find a suitable job as a high school student. (运用了 since 引导原因状语从句) 第二节 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写 的词数应为 150 左右。 A few seconds remained and the score was tied Players gathered near the goal. Suddenly Devin saw a clear opening to the goal. He struck the ball hard and held his breath as it flew toward the upper corner of the net. Goal! Three seconds later, the judge blew the whistle. Game over. "Championship game, here we come!" said Tara, slapping hands with Devin. "Can't wait till Thursday." Devin grinned. Thursday would be huge—the big soccer game in the afternoon, and the school's autumn concert in the evening. Ms. Poltis had chosen Devin to sing a song alone. "Great work," Coach said as the team gathered. "Be here by 6:30 on Thursday to warm up." "It's a night game," Coach explained. "Under the lights." Devin's heart sank. The concert was at 7:00. Same time as the game. He couldn't possibly do both. His teammates were super excited. They were on the edge of a title. He couldn't disappoint his team by skipping the game. That night, Devin lay in bed, staring at the ceiling. The lyrics struck him and he began to sing: "No matter how hard the struggle, I will never let you down..." He liked the song, and he appreciated how kind Ms. Poltis always was. Devin knew the words by heart, but the thought of singing alone made him tremble. Sometimes he was nervous about participating in sports, too, but that always went away as soon as a game started. He'd never sung a - 23 - solo before. It was a relief to know he didn't have to now. The soccer game was a perfect excuse. But so was Ms. Poltis. It was long time before he fell asleep. 注意： （1）所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； （2）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1 The next morning, Devin went straight to the music room. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2 On Thursday evening, Devin felt a little nervous to see so many people in the concert hall. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The next morning, Devin went straight to the music room. "I am not the best singer and I have to..." Devin hesitated with his eyes fixed on the floor. Ms. Poltis smiled warmly, "I choose you because you work hard, like the person in the song. So don't be nervous!" Devin raised his head and looked at her, tears welling up in his eyes. It was at that moment that Devin made his final decision. Later that day, Devin went to his coach and teammates. Unexpectedly, they welcomed him and promised that they would spare no effort to win the title. On Thursday evening, Devin felt a little nervous to see so many people in the concert hall. Devin took a deep breath and stepped onto the stage. The bright light coming on, Devin calmed down and sang with confidence. Devin handled the solo perfectly. Hardly had he finished the last word of the song when a wave of applause erupted from the audience. Devin smiled at Ms. Poltis and felt proud of the choice he had made. No matter how hard the struggle, you have to make a decision and never let yourself down. 【解析】 【分析】 本文以人物的心理活动为主要线索展开。Devin 所在的足球队周四晚上有一场比赛，他们有望 - 24 - 获得冠军。同时，周四晚上学校举行秋季运动会，Devin 有独唱节目。Devin 面临着艰难的选 择。最终，Ms. Poltis 的话让 Devin 做出了选择：他参加了秋季音乐会，并成功地进行了独唱。 通过这件事，Devin 明白了一个道理：无论多么艰难的挣扎，你都要做出决定，永远不要让自 己失望。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“第二天早晨，Devin 直接去了音乐教室”可知，第一段可描写在音乐教 室里发生的事情。同时结合第二段首句“星期四晚上，看到这么多人在音乐厅里，德文有点 紧张。”可知，第一段还要叙述 Devin 下定决心参加音乐会的内容。 ②由第二段首句内容“星期四晚上，看到这么多人在音乐厅里，德文有点紧张。”可知，第 二段可描写 Devin 在音乐会上的表现和他的心理活动等方面的内容。 2. 续写线索：面临选择——去音乐教室——下决心参加音乐会——登上舞台——表演成功 ——感悟 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①抬头：raise one’s head/look up ②下决心：make the final decision/make up one’s mind/determine to do ③欢迎、迎接某人：welcome sb./give sb. a warm welcome 情绪类 ①紧张：feel nervous/feel stressed out/be nervous ②骄傲：feel proud of/take pride in 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Devin raised his head and looked at her, tears welling up in his eyes.（tears+ 现在分词构成独立主格结构） [高分句型 2] It was at that moment that Devin made his final decision.（强调句型 It is +被强调部 分+that+其余部分） [高分句型 3] Hardly had he finished the last word of the song when a wave of applause erupted from the audience.（hardly…when…一……就……。hardly 否定词置于句首，主句部分倒装。）