高考英语语法填空题型分析及解题技巧

高考英语语法填空题型分析及解题技巧

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 语法填空题型分析及解题技巧 一.短文特点 年度 体裁 题材 主题 短文长度(词) 2009 年 记叙文 生活经历 给父亲买礼物 198 个 2008 年 记叙文 成语故事 拔苗助长 179 个 2007 年 记叙文 生活经历 旅游在外受人帮助 196 个 从上表可看出，短文材料有以下特点： (1)短文体裁：近三年都是记叙文。建议：备考练习不局限于此，应各种体裁的文章都要练习。 (2)短文题材：生活经历或成语故事，其内容或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。 (3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。 (4)短文长度：170—200 词。 二.考点设置 就命题形式而言，纯空格题设 6—7 个小题；用括号中所给词的适当形式填空设 3—4 个小题。近三年高考情况如下表所示： 纯空格(题) 提示词(题) 2009 年 6 4 2008 年 6 4 2007 年 7 3 特别说明：各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether, if, that)，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系 副词，引导状语从句的从属连词，以及连接并列句的并列连词，在本文中都被列为“连接词”。（从功能上讲，都有连接句子与句子的作用； 从这类试题的解题方法上看，判断的方式也是相同的。） 就语法填空的复习重点和应关注的冷点，归纳提示如下： (1)近三年来，“纯空格题”只考了冠词、介词、代词和连接词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、 非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。 (2)介词、连接词、动词每年都有两道小题，由此可见，这是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点。 (3)冠词：在三年中有两年都是考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本/座/……)”，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意 定冠词的基本用法。 (4)代词：三年来主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词宾语、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it 的用法和不定代词。也不要忽 视反身代词和疑问代词。 (5)连接词：三年来考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词 who、引导同位语从句的 that、引导定语从句的关系副词 where、表示转折的并列 连词 but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，也要训练主语从句、表语从句、状语从句的连接词。 (6)动词：时态重点考查了一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态。语态只考查了一般过 去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视。非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，动词-ing 形式也要特别关注。 (7)词类转换：主要考查各类词在句中的最基本用法：作主语和宾语用名词，作定语、表语、补语用形容词，做状语要用副词。懂得了这 些基本用法之后，就是要掌握构词法的基本知识，将其合理转换。 特别提醒： (1)在纯空格题中，三年都没有要求考生根据上下文填写名词、动词、拼写较长的形容词和副词。其原因有二：一是根据语境推测出要填 哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词，这正好是完形填空要考查的内容；二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法，而根据语境填这四类词同语法 规则关系不大，与“语法填空”名不符实。而 less, more, most 等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的，因为这涉及到语法——比较等级。 (2)倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did)，以及情态动词、强调结构中的 it 和 that 等都可能在纯空格题中进行考 查，名词的数和所有格也可能在“用括号中词语的正确形式填空”中进行考查。 三.答案特点 最多填词 答案每词均长 纯空格题答案均长 首字母大写 2009 年 2 个(2 题) 3.8 个字母 2.5 个字母 0 道题 2008 年 2 个(1 题) 4.2 个字母 3.8 个字母 1 道题 2007 年 1 个 4.1 个字母 2.4 个字母 1 道题 (1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。 (2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”究竟由几个单词组成？没有规 定，三年高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词。2009 年有两个小题需要填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态。 (3)要求填的词都是一些拼写简单的单词，上表显示，平均每词约 4 个字母。 (4)三年中有两年各有一小题所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 特别提醒：尽管三年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但非谓语动词中，带 to 的不定式、现在分词 的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动 语态至少都要填两个单词。 四.解题密招 (1)通读全文，了解大意。 既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，在解题前，应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意，这一步非常重要。 (2)试填空格，后难先易。 读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文)，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的意 义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。 (3)重读全文，解决难题。 在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再要经过仔细推敲。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。 根据命题的三种情况来探讨各自不同的解题思路： (1)纯空格试题 首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。 具体分析方法有： ①缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。 [例 1] I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __38_ gets there almost in a second. (茂名一模) 解析：and 连接前后两个句子，and 后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是 the message， 替代 the message 用代词 it。 ②名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词或 some, any, other(s), another 等限定词。 [例 2] It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help __33 rice crop grow up quickly. (2008 年广东高考) 解析：名词 rice crop 前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代 词 his。 [例 3] …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. (2007 年广东高考) 解析：因单数可数名词 town 前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有 20 公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表 示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填 a。 ③名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。 [例 4] … who should have the honour of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. (2007 年广东高考) 解析：因 a guest 在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客 人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词 as。 ④若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。 [例 5] …two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 34 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 解析：因与 Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与 Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列 关系，应填 and。 [例 6] …all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008 年深圳一模) 解析：因 melted me 和 gave me 两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填 and。 ⑤若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连接词。 [例 7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008 年广州 一模) 解析：因 I wanted to…是一个句子，I was to return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词； 根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填 before。 [8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy… (2008 年广东高考) 解析：因 He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定 是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填 but。 ⑥若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动 词(do, does, did 等)。 [例 9] What is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extremely rude in another. (珠三角五校联考) 解析：句中 What is acceptable in one country 是主语从句，空格后的 be considered 是谓语；因其中的 be 是原形，故空格处必定 是填情态动词或助动词 does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词 may。 [例 10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ________ bring home a regular salary. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 解析：这是一个由 but 连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词 had 是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过去时； 可是，bring 却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语 he 不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的 助动词 did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词 did(的确)。 ⑦若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大，即使考，也是些常见的简短的副词)。 ⑧由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1)由 it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填 it 还是 that。 [例 10] …and 40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (广州一模) 解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填 it。 (2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的 only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had 等，还是填 do, does, did 等。 [例 11] _______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析：由 can you expect to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词 only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放 在句首，句子要用倒装。 (3)由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填 it。如： [例 12] …as 32 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (2008 年佛山二模) 解析：由句式结构可知，这是 it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式 to steal paintings 是真正的主语，空格处填形 式主语 it。 [例 13] Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008 年惠州二模) 解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid…是真正的宾语，easy 是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的 it。 (4)so /such…that…句型。如： [例 14] This made the goat so jealous___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007 年惠州二模) 解析：由句式结构可知，这是 so…that…句型，应填 that。 (5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。 [例 15] Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 40 how much he pays. 解析：由句式结构可知，这是 more…than…句型，故填 that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。 (2)给出了动词的试题 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。 若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑 时态语态。 [例 16] His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008 年深圳一模) 解析：因主语 His fear of failure 后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与 keep 是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句 谓语动词 played 可知，要用一般过去时，故填 kept。 [例 17] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away. (2008 年广州一模) 解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词 declined，但由 and walked 可知，所填词与 declined 和 walked 是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式 closed。 [例 18] In Logan, three people __38__ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模) 解析：因主语 three people 与 take 是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由 were treated 可知，要用一般过去时，故 填 were taken。 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing 形式、—ed 形式，还是用不定式 形式，确定的方法主要有： (1)作主语或宾语，通常用—ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。 [例 19] …but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模) 解析：因 it 是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填 to memorize。 [例 20] _______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary… 解析：句中已有谓语 won’t make，所以 speak 应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填 Speaking。 (2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。如： [例 21] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语 will have to work，所以 complete 应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多 工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填 To complete。 [例 22] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33 (succeed). (2008 年佛山一模) 解析：因在形容词 likely 后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填 to succeed。 (3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 [例 23] He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008 年东莞一模) 解析：句中已有谓语 saw，所给动词与 saw 不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因 He 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying 作伴随状语。 [例 24] The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests. 解析：句中已有谓语 went，而 follow 又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因 the headmaster 与 follow 是被动关系，故用过去分 词作伴随状语。 (4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing 形式，是被动关系用—ed 形式。 [例 25] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008 年广州二模) 解析：因 a meeting 与 start 是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明 a meeting，故填 starting。 [例 26] Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明) 解析：因句中已有谓语 can help，所以 learn 应为非谓语动词；又因 lesson 与 learn 是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填 learned。 特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如： But Jane knew from past experience that her ___36___ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009 年广东) 分析：括号中所给词 choose 虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填 choose 的名词形式 choice。 (3)词类转换题 根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。 ①作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如： [例 27] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析：因在系动词 felt 后作表语，用形容词，故填 silent。 [例 28] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to… 解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填 dangerous。 [例 29] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject. 解析：因所填词在句中作宾语 most of their students 的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填 interested。 ②作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。 [例 30] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological 是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由 are 可知，主语是复数，故填 achievements。 [例 31] These people have made great __39 (contribute) to China with their work. (茂名二模) 解析：在句中作及物动词 have made 的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填 contributions。 ③在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如： [例 32] …the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008 年广州二模) 解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填 similarities。 [例 33] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. 解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填 operation。 ④修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如： [例 34] As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008 年深圳一模) 解析：修饰动词 looked，作状语，用副词，故填 closely。 [例 35] There must be something 40 (serious) wrong with our society. (2008 潮州期末) 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词 wrong，作状语，用副词，故填 seriously。 [例 36] Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008 年惠州三模) 解析：修饰 because 引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填 mainly。 ⑤有可能是词义转换题，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加 un—, im—等，在词根后加—less 等。如： [例 37] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use). 解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填 useless。 [例 38] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office. 解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意，“错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”，故填 unnecessary。 ⑥括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。 [例 39] …there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist 34 (attract)… (2008 年广州一模) 解析：尽管 attract 是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词 about 的宾语，用名词，故填 attractions。 [例 40] The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even __36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008 年期末) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 解析：联系前句，又有 even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填 harder。 语法填空专项训练 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答 案填写在答题卡标号为 31—40 的相应位置上。 (1) As I think back I realize how hard it is to view the world ____31____ the eyes of my childhood. ____32____ child’s mind is still filled with the idea that anything and everything is possible. They haven’t begun building the mental walls yet. Watch a child ____33____(learn) to walk and it’s amazing. No matter how many times they fall down, they hop back up ____34____ they instinctively know that eventually they’ll be able to walk. They don’t have to worry what ____35____ think. They have no need to put up a front(讲面子). They are who they are. But somewhere along the line they learn to be ____36____(practice). Their creativity is blocked over time, as the world ____37____(teach) them to fit in. Eventually they don’t bounce back as fast when they fail. Learning is now something you have to do ____38____ is very boring and unpleasant. You and I ____39____ tear down those walls that are closing in and start fresh. It’s time to bring back that sense of joy and wonder. When you’re setting your goals for the New Year, think like a child. Set your goals as if ____40____ is possible. (2) You must first set your goals if you are to accomplish anything in a big way. Goals give you a starting place and a destination. People ____31____ goals succeed because they know ____32____ they’re going. Plant your dreams, nourish and begin to live them. ____33____ most important thing about a goal is having one. The first law of success is concentration. Bend ____34____ of your energies to one point, and go directly to that point, looking neither to the right nor the left. Concentration is the magic key ____35____ opens the door to accomplishment. Success is the result of well directed energy. You can, in time, become what you earnestly desire to be, if you set your face in the direction of the things you want and bring all your powers to bear towards its ____36____ (attain). When your physical and mental resources ____37____ (focus), your power to solve problems multiplies tremendously. To do two things at once is to do neither. Nothing can add ____38____ power to your life as much as ____39____ (concentrate) all your energies on a limited set of targets. The sun’s rays do not burn ____40____ brought to a focus. (3) A jobless man applied for the position of “office boy” at a big firm. The HR manager ___31__ (interview) him, then a test: clean the floor. “You are hired,” he said, “give me your email address, ___32__ I’ll send you the application to fill.” The man replied “I don’t have a computer, ___33__ an email”. “I’m sorry,” said the HR manager, “that means you do not exist. And ___34__ doesn’t exist cannot have the job.” The man left ___35__ no hope at all. He didn’t know what to do, with only $10 in his pocket. He then decided to go to the supermarket and buy a 10 KG tomato crate. He then sold the tomatoes in a door to door round. In less than two hours, he ___36__ (success) in doubling his capital. He repeated the operation 3 times, and returned home with $60. 5 years later, the man is one of the ___37__ (big) food retailers(零售商) in the US. He started to plan his family’s future, and decided to have a life insurance. He called ___38__ insurance broker, and chose a protection plan. When the conversation was concluded, the broker asked him his email. The man replied: “I don’t have an email”. The broker replied ___39__ (curious), “You don’t have an email, and yet have established an empire! Do you imagine ___40__ you could have been if you had an email? The man thought for a while, and replied: “An office boy!” (4) There was once a boy who had a temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he ___31__ hammer a nail into the back of the fence. The first day the boy ___32__(drive)37 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered ___33__ (gradual) decreased. He discovered ___34__ was easier to hold his temper than to drive nails into the fence. Finally the day came ___35__ he didn’t lose his temper. He told his father and his father suggested that the boy 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 now___36__ (pull) out one nail for each day so that he was able to hold his anger. The days passed and the boy told his father that all the nails were gone. The father took the boy ___37__ the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “Look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger; they leave a scar (疤痕) just like the___38__ on the fence. It won’t matter how many times you say I am sorry, ___39__ wound is still there. A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one. Friends are very rare. They make you smile and encourage you ___40__ (success). They lend an ear, and always want to open their hearts to us.” (5) An old man who lived in a small street in the city of Mumbai had to put up ___31__ the nuisance (烦心事) of having boys play cricket outside his house at night. One evening when the boys were ___32__ (particular) noisy, he went out to talk to them. He explained that he was happiest ___33__ he could see or hear boys playing his favourite game, cricket. He said he would give them 25 rupees (卢比) each week to play in the street at night. The boys were thrilled. They were being paid to do something they enjoyed! At the end of the first week they ___34__ (knock) at the old man’s door and asked him to pay them, and so he did. The second week when they asked for ___35__ (pay) he said he had run out of money and sent them away with only 15 rupees. The third week the man said he had not ___36__ received his pension and gave them only 10 rupees. The boys were very ___37__ (disappoint) but there was not much they could do about ___38__. The fourth week the man said he could not afford to pay them 25 rupees ___39__ he had promised, but would give them 5 rupees each week without fail. This was too much for the boys. “You expect us to play seven days ___40__ week for a merely 5 rupees!” they yelled. “Go to blazes.” They stormed away and never played on the street again. (6) Many years ago, when I worked as a volunteer at Stanford Hospital, I got to know a little girl ___31__(name) Liz who was suffering from a rare and serious disease. Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion（输 血） ___32__ her 5-year-old brother, ___33__ had miraculously survived the same disease and had developed the antibodies needed to fight the ___34__(ill). The doctor explained the situation to her little brother, and asked the boy if he would be willing to give his blood to his sister. I saw him hesitate for a moment ___35__ taking a deep breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do it ___36__ it can save Liz.” ___37__ the transfusion progressed, he lay in bed next to his sister and smiled, as we all did, ___38__(see) the color returning to her cheeks. Then ___39__ face grew pale and his smile faded. He looked up at the doctor and asked with a trembling voice, “Will I start to die right away?” Being young, the boy had___40__(understand) the doctor; he thought he was going to have to give his sister all of his blood. (7) Soon after Dave left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no 1 of his own died and left Dave a lot of money, so he decided to 2 his own real estate agency. He found a nice office, 3 (buy) some new furniture and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours when he heard someone coming 4 the door of his office. “It’s my first customer!” he thought. He quickly picked up 5 telephone and pretended to be very busy 6 an important call from someone in New York 7 wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country. The man knocked at the door 8 this was going on, came in and waited 9 (polite) for the agent to finish his conversation. Then he said to him, “I’m from the telephone company, and I 10 (send) here to connect your telephone.” (8) Experiments have proved that children can 1 (instruct)in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at 2 their breath under water even before they can walk. 3 of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long 4 they are so accustomed to swimming 5 they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young 6 (swim) is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, 7 most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children 8 cover the whole length of the pool 9 coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions，only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage 10 among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air. (9) Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 36 (kill) right below their windows. She was 37 neighbor. Yet 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 38 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 39 why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency(紧 急情况). Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 44 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 45 the person won’t get the help he needs. (10) Soon after Dave left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no 1 of his own died and left Dave a lot of money, so he decided to 2 (短语动词) his own real estate agency. He found a nice office, 3 (buy) some new furniture and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours when he heard someone coming 4 the door of his office. “It’s my first customer!” he thought. He quickly picked up 5 telephone and pretended to be very busy 6 an important call from someone in New York 7 wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country. The man knocked at the door 8 this was going on, came in and waited 9 (polite) for the agent to finish his conversation. Then he said to him, “I’m from the telephone company, and I 10 (send) here to connect your telephone.” (11) In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires( 亿 万 富 翁 ) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31. ____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (12) Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” (13) People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book. (14) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _____6____ (have) a look first, or you will go ____7____ wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses ____8_____ two floors. You can sit on the ______9____ (two) floor. From ____10_____ you can see the city very well. It’s very interesting. (15) ____1____ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women ___2_____ any clothes on, and he and his ____3____ always tried to keep the small girl out ____4____ he was doing this, “She is ____5_____ young to understand,” they said. But one day, when the artist _____6____ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ____7____ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _____8___ her parents waited for her to speak. For a few seconds the little girl said ____9_____, but then she ran to her mother and said ____10_____ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you don’t let me?” (16) Most Americans don’t like to get advice ____1___ members of their family. They get advice from “_____2___ (strange)”. When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. _____3___ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _____4___ give advice on many different subjects ______5___ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, ____6___ even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers _____7____ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are _____8____ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, ____9____ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special ____10___ (train) for this kind of work. (17) Without proper planning, tourism can cause______1____. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places _____2_____ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民) of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become _____3_____ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists _____4____ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. ______5_____ is important to think about the people of a destination country and _____6______ tourism affects them. Tourism should help _____7_____ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and _____8_____ (happy) of local inhabitants. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism ______9_____ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work _____10_____ the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer. (18) London was awarded _____1____ 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, ______2_____ (defeat) European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital ______3____ the first time since 1948. _____4____ Moscow, New York and Madrid were eliminated (淘汰) in the first three rounds London beat Paris 54—50 on the fourth ballot(投票表决) of the IOC. In London crowds cheered and waved flags as _____5____ watched the announcement from Singapore _____6_____ a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area _____7____ the main Olympic complex (建筑群) will be based. Blair spent two days in lobbying(游说) in Singapore ____8____ leaving to host the G8 summit (8 国峰会) in Scotland. “My promise to you is we will be your very ______9___ (good) partners,” Blair said. It’s the fourth bid (申办) from Britain after _____10____ (fail) attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olympics and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000. (19) Why is setting goals so ______1_____? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything ____2_____ you want in life. Instead _____3____ just letting life happen to you, goals allow ______4_____ to make your life happen. _____5_____ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It’s _____6____ having a map to show you _____7____ you want to go. Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and _____8___ (set) goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set, and _____9_____aren’t difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are ____10____one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life. (20) We often think of future. We often wonder ____1_the world will be like a hundred years’ time. Think of ____2___ space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon _____3___ (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as _____4___. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, _____5___ (permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting _____6____ planets. Great progress will have been made _____7___ medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time. _____8_____ the world will have been developed—even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, _____9____ floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities ____10____ the sea. 答案与解析 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 (1)本文作者主要是告诫我们要像小孩一样，不要在乎别人，跌倒了，爬起来，继续努力，相信什么事都是可能的。 31. through 用 through the eyes of 表示“在……看来”。 32. a 表示在泛指的“任何一个”小孩的头脑中，故用不定冠词。 33. learning 在 watch 后作宾补，用动词原形或动词的-ing 形式；又由语境可知，小孩摔倒是在正在学走路的过程中，故用 learning 更好。 34. because 因与两句间没有连词，应填连词；后句是前句的原因，故用 because 引导原因状语从句。 35. others 在宾语从句中作主语，一定是名词或代词；泛指的“别人”用代词 others。 36. practical 作表语，用形容词。 37. teaches 在句中作谓语，且由语境判断是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单词，故填 teaches。 38. that 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是 something，多用关系代词 that 引导。 39. can 因谓语动词 tear 是原形，所以前面可能是情态动词；由上下文的语气可知，作者认为“你和我”都“能够”拆卸这些墙。 40. anything 由语气或第一段第二句可知，用表示“任何事”的 anything 较适合。 (2)本文主要告诫人们要想成功就必须确立目标，而且只有一个目标，然后专心致志集中在这一个目标上，这是成功的定律。 31. with 已有主语 people，名词 goals 不作主语或宾语，前面一定是填介词，以便作介词的宾语；表示“有”，用介词 with。 32. where 在动词 know 后应为宾语从句，由 are going 可知，用表示地点的 where 引导。 33. The 作定语的形容词最高级前用 the。 34. all 作 bend 的宾语，应为名词或代词；由语境可知，是将“全部”精力集中到一点，故用代词 all。 35. that 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，用关系代词 that 或 which。 36. attainment 在介词(towards)或者形容词性物主代词(its)后，一定是用名词形式。 37. are focused 因主语 resources 与 focus 是被动关系，且由语境可知，是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 38. more 由语境可知，是 Nothing 与 concentrating all your energies 作比较。 39. concentrating 在比较状语从句中用主语，用动词的形—ing 式。 40. until 引导省略了 they are 的时间状语从句，not…until…(直到……才……)是个较固定的句型。 ( 3 ) 31. interviewed 这里应填谓语动词的过去时，HR manager: 人力资源部经理。 32. and “Do sth., and sb./sth. will…”是一个常见句型，例如：Use your head, and you’ll find a way. 33. neither /nor /or 若上句是否定句，则后一句常用 neither 或 nor 表示“也不，也没有”。 另外，在否定句中的并列连词不用 and 多用 or。 34. whoever 在这里作主语引导主语从句，整句意思是“凡是不存在的人都不能拥有这份工作。” 35. with with no hope at all= without any hope: 不怀任何希望。 36. succeeded 此处缺少谓语动词。 37. biggest 这里应该用形容词的最高级形式，在 one of the + 形容词+名词的结构里，形容词应是最高级形式，例如：She is one of the most diligent students in our class. 38. an an insurance broker：一个保险经纪人 39. curiously 这里应填副词作状语修饰动词 replied。 40. what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作 have been 的表语。整个宾语从句用了虚拟语气，意思是：“要是你有 email，那你又该成了什么 样的人哪？” (4) 31. must 根据上下文，这里应该填意为“必须”的情态动词 32. drove 此处应该是谓语动词的过去式。 33. gradually 这里需要副词修饰动词 decreased，意为“逐渐减少”。 34. it 这里作形式主语指代后面的不定式短语。 35. when 引导定语从句修饰主语 the day，因谓语动词太短仅 came 一个词，故将从句后置。全句意思是：他不发脾气的那一天终于 到来了。 36.(should) pull suggest (建议)后的宾语从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即 should + V-原形，should 可省略。 37. by take sb.by the hand 是习惯搭配，凡表示“拉、拖、握、揪、牵”等意思的英语动词都是这个搭配，即 take/seize/pull/lead…sb. by the sleeve/hair/arm/nose/ear…。 38. ones 指代上文的 scar，这里用复数指代篱笆上被钉子顶过的洞痕。 39. the wound 在这里是特指前面提到的疤痕 scar，故应该加定冠词。 40. to succeed 鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do sth. 。 ( 5 ) 31. with put up with 是一个词组，意为“忍耐，忍受”。 32. particularly 修饰形容词 noisy 应该用副词。 33. when 在这里引导一个时间装语从句。 34.knocked 此处应该是谓语动词的过去式。 35. payment 介词后面应该用名词，ask for payment：索要报酬。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 36. yet 在否定句式中用 yet，表示“尚未”。 37. disappointed 感到失望的。Disappointing 是“令人失望的” 38. it 指代“要钱”这件事。 39. as 在这里引导一个方式状语从句，意思是：按照先前承诺的那样。 40. a a week = per week, every week ( 6 ) 31. named 过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句：who was named。 32. from 根据上下文应填介词 from：从她弟弟身体输血给她。 33. who 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。 34. illness 填名词作 fight 的宾语。 35.before 根据上下文应填 before。全句意思是：“ 我看见他犹豫了片刻才深吸一口气说……”。Before 可以根据上下文译成汉语的 “才……”或者“就……”。例如：It was only half an hour before I finished all my homework. 仅半个小时我就完成了所有的作业。 36. if 全句意思是：“如果（输血）能够挽救莉紫，我愿意这样做。” 37. As 在这里是“随着”的意思。 38. seeing 现在分词作主要动作 lay（躺着）的伴随状语。 39. his 他姐姐的脸上慢慢有了颜色（the color returning to her cheeks），而他自己的脸却变得苍白起来，因为把血输给了姐姐。 40 misunderstood 根据后文“他以为（he thought…）”，证明小男孩是误解了医生。 (7) 1. children 由 left Dave a lot of money 可知，David 的叔叔没有自己的孩子。 2. set up 指“创办”公司。 3. bought 由前面的 found 和后面的 and moved 可知，三个动词是并列的，即 A，B and C。 4. towards 由 heard someone coming 可知，是“朝着”他的办公司走过来，较表示“到达”的 to 要好。 5. the 特指他办公室的那部电话。 6. answering 表示“接”电话，习惯上用 answer，因 be busy doing 可知，用 answering。 7. who 定语从句，先行词是人 someone，且在定语从句中作主语，用 who。 8. while 由后面的 waited 可知，进来时 David 还在打电话，所以用 while。 9.politely 修饰动词 waited 用副词，在形容词后加 ly。 10. was sent 因 send 与 I 是被动关系，且是到此之前领导派我来的。 (8) 1. be instructed 因 instructed 与 children 是动宾关系，要用被动语态，即“be+动词的过去分词”，情态动词后用动词原形。 2. holding 由 under water 可知是“屏住气”，固定搭配 hold one’s breath；又因在介词(at)后要用动词的-ing 形式。 3. Babies 由上下文可知是指“二个月大的婴儿”，baby 的复数是变 y 为 i 再加 es。 4. before 因 it is not long before…(不久以后就)是固定句型。 5. that 因为 so…that…(如此……以致……)是固定句型。 6. swimmers 由 with 可知，后接的是名词，又由 young 和句意可知是指人，即“游泳者”，且为复数。 7. but 前后是转折关系。 8. can 由语境可知空格单词意思为“能够”。 9. without 由语境可知是“不用冒出水面呼吸”。 10. those 由语境，特别是 among us 和后面的 who 引导的定语从句可知，指“那些人”。 (9) 本文是讲 John Barley 和 Bib Fatane 对人们见死不救的原因研究后，发现人们出手帮助前会思考两个步骤：一是要紧急情况，二是 要是自己的责任且自己是唯一能够给予帮助的人。 36. being killed 因 Kitty Genovese 与 kill 是被动关系，又根据 watch sb. doing/do/done 的句型要求，可知应填 killed 或 being killed；由后文看到她被打而没人帮助可知，应当是指她在被打的过程中没人去帮助，因此用 being killed 更好。 37. their 因 Kitty Genovese 是看到她被打的那 32 个人的邻居。 38.None 由 Yet 和后面的 Not one even called the police.可知，32 人中“没有一个人”帮助她。 39. reasons 由 why 引导的从句可知用 reasons。 40. before 两句之间必定是填连词，“经历两个步骤”应发生在“提供帮助”之前，即先思考再行动。 41. an 单数可数名词前一定是填限定词，含“一种”之意，用不定冠词 an。 42. from “烟进房间”应当是“来自”“空调漏洞(leak)”。 43. more 与前条相比，这是“更重要”。 44. responsible 因 feel 作“感到”解是联系动词，后面应当用形容词作表语。 45. or 因前后两句之间缺连词，应当填连词；根据两分句间的意思应填“否则”。 (10) 1. children 由 left Dave a lot of money 可知，David 的叔叔没有自己的孩子。 2. set up 指“创办”公司。 3. bought 由前面的 found 和后面的 and moved 可知，三个动词是并列的，即 A，B and C。 4. towards 由 heard someone coming 可知，是“朝着”他的办公司走过来，较表示“到达”的 to 要好。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 5. the 特指他办公室的那部电话。 6. answering 表示“接”电话，习惯上用 answer，因 be busy doing 可知，用 answering。 7. who 定语从句，先行词是人 someone，且在定语从句中作主语，用 who。 8. while 由后面的 waited 可知，进来时 David 还在打电话，所以用 while。 9.politely 修饰动词 waited 用副词，在形容词后加 ly。 10. was sent 因 send 与 I 是被动关系，且是到此之前领导派我来的。 (11) 1 reported 2 richest/wealthiest 3 by 4 when 5 by 6 However 7 younger 8 Both 9 acting 10 the (12) 1 had been stolen 2 at 3 back 4 amazement 5 and 6 hospital 7for 8 the 9 that 10 another (13) 1 living 2 languages 3 or 4 all 5 Before 6 bigger 7 written 8 a 9 up 10 most (14) 1 because 2 and 3 work 4 dangerous 5 too 6 Have 7 the 8 with 9 second 10 there (15) 1 An 2 without 3 wife 4 when/while 5 too 6 was painting 7 after 8 Both 9 nothing 10 angrily (16) 1 from 2 strangers 3 Instead 4 that/which 5 including 6 and 7 regularly 8 answers 9 others 10 training (17) 1 problems 2 that/which 3 annoyed 4 and 5 It 6 how 7 a 8 happiness 9 grows 10 in (18) 1 the 2 defeating 3 for 4 After 5 they 6 on 7 where 8 before 9 best 10 failed (19) 1 important 2 that 3 of 4 yourself 5 Successful 6 like 7 where 8 setting 9 they 10 the (20) 1 what 2 / 3 will have been set up 4 tourists/visitors/travelers 5 permitting 6 other 7 in 8 All 9 so/thus/therefore 10 under