湖南省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试2020届高三考前演练（四）英语试题 Word版含解析

湖南省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试2020届高三考前演练（四）英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试考前演练（四） 英语 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在 本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Employer and employee. 2. What do we know about the weather? A. It’ll last for another 3 days. B. It’ll bring many problems. C. It’ll ruin the whole city. 3. What is the woman most likely to do next? A. Visit her friends. B. Have supper alone. C. Welcome her friends. 4. How long was the power off? A. 18 minutes. B. 23 minutes. C. 41 minutes. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A designer. B. A company. C. A product. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 - 2 - 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. Why doesn’t the woman recognize the man? A. He used to be thinner. B. He lost much weight. C. He looks younger. 7. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Change her job. B. Do some sports. C. Go on a diet. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题 8. What does the man want to do at first? A. Get his money back. B. Exchange the toy car. C. Buy another toy car 9. What color does the man choose this time? A. Blue B. Pink. C. Yellow. 10. How does the man sound? A. Angry. B. Disappointed. C. Understanding. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What does the woman say about science? A. It is not to her taste. B. It is very interesting. C. It’s difficult to learn. 12. What courses will the man take this term? A. Math and science. B. Physics and math. C. English and physics. 13. Where is the man planning to work? A. In a café. B. In a taxi company. C. At a gas station. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。 14. Why doesn’t Mr. King answer the phone? - 3 - A. He is phoning someone else. B. He is having a discussion. C. He isn’t in the office. 15. What problem has been reported? A. The control boxes have burnt out. B. The equipment is hard to operate. C. The engineer is disappointing. 16.What will the woman do next? A. Talk to the electricity suppliers. B. Take the man’s message to Mr. King. C. Send an engineer to Los Angeles Branch. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题 17. How long did the speaker stay in the club? A. About a month. B. About two weeks. C. About 30 hours. 18. What do we know about Mr. Hunter? A. He was strict. B. He was helpful. C. He was energetic. 19. Where did the speaker fall in love with English? A. At home. B. In the club. C. In the school. 20. How does the speaker enlarge his vocabulary? A. He actively participates in discussions. B. He reads English articles aloud. C. He recalls the articles he reads. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Cities all over the world celebrate Christmas in unique and memorable ways. The following international destinations are just a few of the countless choices to consider. Quebec city - 4 - Quebec city has long drawn admirers to its historic district the famed city wall, strange cobblestone lanes（鹅卵石小路）and handsome stone houses. This area transforms into a scenic Christmas village each December. The 403-year-old capital of Quebec province takes pride in the outdoors at Christmas time, when stone buildings shine with lights. Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square. Edinburgh Edinburgh, a magic city full of staircases and hills as well as Georgian and neo-Classical buildings, is famous for its mixture of the modern and the old. This is evident in winter, when Scotland’s capital puts on a six-week festival lasting until Jan. 6 that goes way beyond Christmas markets. You can ride roller coasters, climb a wall of ice and attend a vivid Christmas themed show by the cabaret troupe （剧团）La Clique. Zurich If buying gifts is on your travel schedule, Zurich is an impressive shopping center, particularly around the holidays, from multiple Christmas markets and the luxury （奢侈品）dress shops of Bahnhofstrasse Street, to the independent designers and antique shops in the merging industrial zones. Another annual lighting spectacle （壮观场面）, Lichterschwimmen, on Dec. 21, includes hundreds of tiny lanterns that are sent floating down the River Limmat. Sydney A lack of snow does not dampen the Christmas spirit in Sydney. One great and free way to feel the holiday is to take this Dec. 21 walking tour of George Street, which promises “the most sharable window displays and coloured lights.” One advantage over other destinations: warm, sandy beaches that lie just minutes from downtown, where the natural beauty of Australia’s most popular city will be waiting. 1. What can you do in Quebec city during Christmas? A. Ride roller coasters. B. Take part in a walking tour. C. Enjoy cross-country ski. - 5 - D. Watch a Christmas-themed show. 2. Where should you go if you want to enjoy a Christmas without snow? A. Quebec city. B. Edinburgh. C. Zurich. D. Sydney. 3. Where is this text most likely from? A. A guidebook. B. A diary. C. A novel. D. A research paper. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了魁北克市、爱丁堡、苏黎世和悉尼这四个适合圣诞节期间旅游 的好去处。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。由题干关键词 Quebec city 可将答案定位于第二段。由第二段最后一句 “Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square.”（可以考虑在亚伯拉罕平原上越野滑雪或者在尤维尔广场上滑冰。），可 知在魁北克可以越野滑雪。故选 C 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。由最后一段首句“A lack of snow does not dampen the Christmas spirit in Sydney.”（ 雪的缺乏并没有影响悉尼的圣诞节气氛。），可知如果想要没有雪的圣诞节，可 以去 Sydney（悉尼）。故选 D 项。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的句子“Cities all over the world celebrate Christmas in unique and memorable ways. The following international destinations are just a few of the countless choices to consider.”（世界各地的城市都以独特而难忘的方式庆祝圣诞节。 下面的国际目的地只是无数的选择中的一部分。）和后文主要介绍了四个适合在圣诞节期间旅 行的城市，可知本文最有可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选 A 项。 【点睛】在高考中，细节理解题为频繁常考题型，集中考查文中细节。在做此类题型时，同 学们可以先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅技巧迅速在文中找到这 - 6 - 一细节，把这部分内容仔细读一遍，比较所给选项与文中细节的细微差别。如在第 1 小题中， 分析问题，得到关键词 Quebec city，迅速定位到第二段，找到句子“Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square.”可知， 在魁北克可以越野滑雪。故选 C 项。 B One of the most important things that has happened to me occurred long before I was aware of it. As the story goes, I was three days old and Mom was singing “The Name Game” song to me: “Christine Bo-Bean-Banana-Fanna-Fo-Feen.” By day four, I was given a new name—Christine-Bo-Bean, or just Bo-Bee to my mother. Now, I am Bo to her and close friends. Why is this nickname（昵称）so important to me? I once read a book with a passage about True Names which explains that when a person’s true name is spoken, she has a distinct aura（光环）around her. Although I have been Bo to my mother all my life, I recently discovered that my true name is not on my birth certificate; it’s the name that is as unique and memorable as I am. People usually know me as Christine. They still see me as a quiet, bookish child. They don’t know who I am now. My most recent hopes, fears, goals, dreams and opinions escape their notice; it is easier to think of me as I was. In their minds, they have a box labeled “Christine” in which I fit neatly, and as Christine, I was content with the perfect packaging. Those who call me Bo or Bo-Bee really know me. They remember who I was and realize I have changed. Bo is a tight squeeze in the old “Christine” boxes. The Bo I am is ever-changing, ever-growing and ever-learning. When I was Christine, I was quiet, and easily scared. I feared groups, meeting new people and sharing my opinions. I was more comfortable with a book than my best friend. As Christine, I thought everyone was better than I was. As Bo, I still love my books, but I want to discuss them. As Bo, my dream is to live where I can experience new things and meet new people. I dream about being alone on a stage lit by a single spotlight; I have that confidence now. I am equal to those I once saw as better than me. - 7 - A name shouldn’t make such a difference, but sometimes, when a person finds his or her True Name, they develop a new shine visible to friends, family and especially themselves. I can’t always be Bo. Sometimes exposing myself is still scary and I feel too nervous; I want to hide in those old boxes. Mostly, however, I am ready for the world. So, just call me Bo. 4. When was the author given a nickname? A. When she was three years old. B. On the fourth day after she was born. C. Seven days after she was born. D. When she received the old “Christine” box. 5. What do the people know about the author as Christine? A. They think the author is active and crazy. B. They care about the author’s most recent feelings. C. They don’t realize the author has changed. D. They don’t know the author has changed her name. 6. What kind of person was the author in the past? A. She showed no interest in reading. B. She took pleasure in finding new things. C. She loved reading and sharing books with friends. D. She lacked confidence and preferred to be alone. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Bo—the True Name B. A Unique Name C. Remember the Past D. The Meaning of Nickname 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者介绍了自己的昵称及其背后蘊含的深意。 【4 题详解】 - 8 - 细节理解题。由第一段中的“As the story goes, I was three days old and Mom was singing “The Name Game” song to me: “Christine Bo-Bean-Banana-Fanna-Fo-Feen.” By day four, I was given a new name—Christine-Bo-Bean, or just Bo-Bee to my mother.”（ 故事 是这样的，我三天大，妈妈给我唱了一首“名字游戏”的歌：“克莉丝汀·波豆香蕉粉”。 到了第四天，我得到了一个新的名字，克莉丝汀·波豆，或者对于妈妈来说是波比。），可知 作者出生后四天大得到了昵称。故选 B 项。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段中的“They still see me as a quiet, bookish child. They don’t know who I am now. My most recent hopes, fears, goals, dreams and opinions escape their notice; it is easier to think of me as I was”（ 他们仍然把我看作一个安静的， 书呆子。他们不知道我现在是谁。我最近的希望、恐惧、目标、梦想和观点都没有引起他们 的注意；更容易把我想象成原来的我。），可推断出他们并没有意识到作者的改变。故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中的“Bo is a tight squeeze in the old “Christine” boxes.” （ Bo 是个挤在旧“Christine”盒子里的人。），可知作者的过去指的是 Christine（克莉丝 汀）；再有第五段中的“When I was Christine, I was quiet, and easily scared. I feared groups, meeting new people and sharing my opinions. I was more comfortable with a book than my best friend. As Christine, I thought everyone was better than I was.” （当我还是克莉丝汀的时候，我很安静，很容易害怕。我害怕团体，害怕结识新朋友，害怕 分享自己的观点。与其和好朋友待在一起，我更喜欢和书相处，这样更舒服。作为克莉丝汀， 我觉得每个人都比我好。），可推断出作者过去缺乏信心、宁愿独处。故选 D 项。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段讲昵称 Christine-Bo-Bean 的由来，第二段讲昵称 Bo 的重要性，第三段 讲本名 Christine 的自己在大家眼中是什么样的，第四到五段讲作者成为 “Christine”和 “Bo”的不同之处，第六到八段讲自己更喜欢 Bo 的身份，所以文章讲的是 Bo 这个真正的名 字。故选 A 项。 C We’ve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain. - 9 - A study published last week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary（久坐的）behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe（中颞叶）, a brain area that is critical to learning and memory. The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, ages 45 to 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory. What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting. It then surprisingly turned out that you don’t even have to move much to enhance cognition（认知）; just standing will do the trick. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli（刺激）, like the word “green” in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3-milicond margin. The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone. I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodin’s famous “Thinker,” seated with chin on hand. They were wrong. You can now all stand up. 8. What can we infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting. B. Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health. - 10 - C. Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain. D. Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior. 9. What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. blank. B. edge. C. decrease. D. difference. 10. What is the received idea about deep thought? A. Sitting more is good for our mental health. B. Sitting is better when we think. C. Exercise more can improve our cognition. D. We should stand while thinking. 11. The passage mainly tells us ________. A. people tend to sit while thinking B. standing more can make our brain healthier C. physical exercise can improve our brain health D. sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的这一现象。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学 习和记忆受损。）和第四段中的“What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.”（有趣的是，这项研究没有发现 身体活动水平和大脑区域厚度之间有显著的关联，这表明运动，甚至是剧烈运动，可能不足 以保护你免受坐姿的有害影响。），可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们的大脑。故选 C 项。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。由第五段最后一句“Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by - 11 - a 32-millisecond margin.”（站着思考的受试者会以 32 毫秒的差异击败坐着的受试者。）， 可知 margin 在此处意为“差异”。故选 D 项。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodin’s famous “Thinker,” seated with chin on hand.”（我知道，这一切都与我们 从小学老师那里得到的关于深思熟虑的想法背道而驰，他们让我们坐下集中注意力，还有罗 丹著名的“思想者”，手托下巴坐着。），可知我们以前接受的关于深思熟虑的想法是坐着思 考更好。故选 B 项。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.”（ 但现在一项新的研究发现，坐着对大脑也有害。）， 第三段最后一句“It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的 时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。），第五段中的“It then surprisingly turned out that you don’t even have to move much to enhance cognition; just standing will do the trick.”（结果令人惊讶的是，你甚至不需要移动太多来增强 认知能力；仅仅站着就可以了。）和最后一段“They were wrong. You can now all stand up.” （他们错了。你们现在都可以站起来了。）可知，文章主要介绍了多站立能够使人的大脑更加 健康、思维更加敏捷的现象。故选 B 项。 D If you’ve spent any amount of time boating, fishing, or bird-watching at lakes and rivers, you have most likely seen fishes jumping out of the water. I have seen it many times. Certainly, fishes will exit water in desperate attempts to escape enemies. Dolphins take advantage of the behavior, forming a circle and catching the frightened fishes in midair. But just as we may run fast from fun or from fear, different emotions might motivate fishes to jump. Mobula rays（蝸鲼）aren’t motivated by fear when they throw their impressive bodies—up to a seventeen-foot wingspan (the distance from the end of one wing to the end of the other) and a ton in weight—skyward in leap（跳跃）of up to ten feet. - 12 - They do it in schools（鱼群）of hundreds. They usually land on their bellies, but sometimes they land on their backs. Some scientists think it might be a way of removing parasites（寄生虫）. But I think that the rays are enjoying themselves. In the clear waters of Florida’s Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, I watched several schools of fifty or more mullets（鲻鱼）moving in beautiful formation. Their well-built bodies were most evident when they leaped from the water. Most of the time I saw one or two leaps by a fish, but one made a series of seven. They usually land on their sides. Each jump was about a foot clear of the water and two to three feet in length. Nobody knows for sure why the fish leaps. One idea is that they do it to take in oxygen. The idea is supported by the fact that mullets leap more when the water is lower in oxygen, but is challenged by the likelihood that jumping costs more energy than is gained by breathing air. It is hard to imagine they will feel any fresher when back in water. Might these fishes also be leaping for fun? There is some new evidence. Gordon M. Burghardt recently published accounts of a dozen types of fishes leaping repeatedly, sometimes over floating objects—sticks, plants, sunning turtle—for no clear reason other than entertainment. 12. What can we say about the dolphins in Paragraph 1? A. They have great escaping skills. B. They are easily frightened. C. They are very clever. D. They love jumping. 13. What do the ray and the mullet have in common when jumping? A. Both do it in groups. B. Both land on their bellies. C. Both jump many feet out of water. D. Both make leaps one after the other. 14. How does the author feel about the idea mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. It is valuable. B. It is interesting. C. It is imaginative. D. It is questionable. 15. Which may be the reason for fish leaps according to the author? A. To remove parasites. B. To amuse themselves. - 13 - C. To take in more oxygen. D. To express positive emotions. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鱼为何要跃出水面，一些人认为是因为情绪的激发和要去除寄 生虫，但作者认为它们可能是为了享受快乐。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Dolphins take advantage of the behavior, forming a circle and catching the frightened fishes in midair.”（ 海豚利用这种行为，围成一个圈， 在半空中抓住受惊的鱼。）可知，海豚能够巧妙地吃掉跃出水面的鱼，说明它们很聪明。故选 C 项。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“They do it in schools（鱼群）of hundreds.”（ 蝸鲼成群 跳跃。）和第三段中的“I watched several schools of fifty or more mullets（鲻鱼）moving in beautiful formation.”（ 我看到几个由 50 只或更多的鲻鱼组成的鱼群以美丽的队形移 动。）可知，蝠鲼和鲻鱼都是成群地跳跃。故选 A 项。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中的“It is hard to imagine they will feel any fresher when back in water.”（ 很难想象当它们回到水里时会感觉更新鲜。）可知，作者认为第四段提到的猜 想是值得怀疑的。故选 D 项。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段中的“But I think that the rays are enjoying themselves.”（ 但 我觉得它们很享受光线。）和最后一段中的“Gordon M. Burghardt recently published accounts of a dozen types of fishes leaping repeatedly, sometimes over floating objects—sticks, plants, sunning turtle—for no clear reason other than entertainment.”（Gordon M.Burghardt 最近发表了一系列关于十几种鱼类反复跳跃的报道， 有时是在漂浮的物体上，树枝，植物，晒海龟，除了娱乐之外，没有其他明确的原因。）可知， 作者认为鱼跃出水面可能是为了享受快乐。故选 B 项。 【点睛】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系， 结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章 - 14 - 的深层涵义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文， 在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分—— 推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。如在第 1 小题中，第一段中的 “Dolphins take advantage of the behavior, forming a circle and catching the frightened fishes in midair.”，是已知部分，通过结合原文进行合理地逻辑判断，可以 得出海豚能够巧妙地吃掉跃出水面的鱼，说明它们很聪明。故选 C 项。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you go to a foreign country, you often enter a new culture. The differences between cultures may make you feel stressed and you often find it difficult to adjust to the new surroundings, which is usually called “culture shock”. The psychological and physical symptoms of culture shock may appear depending on the individuals. Some often feel anxious while adjusting to a new culture—even more so when the cultural distances are wide. ____16____ They remain to homesick and feel so sad about being separated from their friends back home that they long to return, especially within the first year. ___17___People adjusting to a new culture often feel lonely because the language barrier makes it hard to create new relationships. Furthermore, having trouble with the native language often makes them unwilling to interact with other people. ___18___ You may do some research on the cultural aspects of the new country such as the history, customs, and religious beliefs, rather than on what to see and where to go, so you may get prepared for a culture that is different from yours. Studying the language is also a great way to help bridge the gap between the cultures. ___19___ A local club provides the perfect environment to get to know people who have a similar focus, so join one so that you can meet some locals and develop new friendships. ___20___ There are other travelers who have the same experiences in a foreign country. Talk with them, sharing feelings, tips and insight. A. They may lose appetite and have sleep problems. B. Still, the most important change is communication. C. They make a lot of effort to get used to the new surroundings. - 15 - D. The more of it is understood, the more of the new culture can be understood. E. Learning about your future destination is a great way to get over culture shock. F. Plus, remember that you aren’t alone in your struggle to adjust in a new country. G. Actually, staying in a foreign country helps you to know more of the new culture. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. F 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们去国外会经历文化冲突，因此向读者说明了克服文化冲突 的几条建议。 【16 题详解】 由上两句“文化休克的心理和生理症状可能因个体而异。有些人在适应新文化时常常感到焦 虑，当文化距离较远时更是如此。”可知，承接上文，A 选项“他们可能会失去食欲和有睡眠 问题。”切题；该选项中的 lose appetite and have sleep problems 对应上文中的 physical symptoms of culture shock 和 feel anxious。故选 A 项。 【17 题详解】 由下一句“适应新文化时，人们常常感到孤独，因为语言障碍使他们很难建立新的关系。” 可知，承接下文，B 选项“不过，最重要的变化是沟通。”切题；该选项中的 communication 对应下文中的 the language barrier。故选 B 项。 【18 题详解】 由下一句“你可以研究新国家的文化方面，例如历史、习俗和宗教信仰，而不是去看什么和 去哪里，这样你就可以为一种不同于你的文化做好准备。”可知，承接下文，E 选项“了解你 未来的目的地是克服文化冲击的好方法。”切题；该选项中的“了解目的地是克服文化冲突 的好方法”对应下文中的“研究新国家的文化方面可为新文化做好准备”。故选 E 项。 【19 题详解】 由上一句“学习语言也是一个很好的方法，有助于弥合文化之间的差距。”可知，承接上文， D 选项“了解得越多，就越能了解新文化。”切题；该选项中的 it 对应上文中的 language。 故选 D 项。 【20 题详解】 由上一句“一个当地的俱乐部提供了一个完美的环境，让你认识那些有着相似关注点的人， 所以加入一个俱乐部，这样你就可以结识一些当地人，发展新的友谊。”可知，承接上文，F - 16 - 选项“另外，记住，在一个新的国家里，你并不是唯一一个努力适应的人。”切题；该选项 中的 you aren’t alone 对应上文中的 people who have a similar focus。故选 F 项。 【点睛】第一、通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为 以后的理解做铺垫。 第二、明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文 都有联系。例如第 1、4、5 小题都与它们的上文有联系。 第三、带入通读，复查。 做完题目切忌直接离开，这时我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行 文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空， 就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做 “连错”，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 When I was little, I showed great interest in the TV show Bob the Builder. I was ____21____ by how Bob helped people by designing and constructing everything they needed. It was all I would ____22____. However, as I got a little older and understood the show more, I ____23____ that Bob wasn’t actually that good at fixing things, ____24____ Wendy, Bob’s co-worker, was always the one to fix his ____25____. Bob would be nothing without her wisdom and talents. I sensed an ____26____: Why was Bob getting all the credit? Why didn’t Wendy have her own ____27____? I really admired Wendy and decided I would ____28____ anything it took to be like her when I grew up. Now, I’m a senior in high school taking three science ____29____, including engineering. Not much has ______30______— I still have a strong desire to be like Wendy. The best part of Wendy’s ______31______ is that she meets and talks to the people she is working for. She builds ______32______ and produces a positive effect on the lives of those she is helping. My interest in ______33______ others led to my decision to study engineering, which ______34______ my love of math and science - 17 - with my love of helping and working with others. Recently, I was talking to my parents about my childhood and they ______35______ Bob the Builder. I thought that I should give Bob a ______36______ chance to win back my heart, so I watched an episode（集）. I admit Bob might be a little ______37______ than I remembered, but I stand by my opinion that Wendy ______38______ significantly more credit. I will always think of her as the ______39______ of Bob the Builder. She has made me feel more than ______40______ to be a female on a construction site of males. 21. A. amused B. shocked C. attracted D. relaxed 22. A. watch B. buy C. receive D. read 23. A. agreed B. declared C. suggested D. realized 24. A. though B. while C. unless D. once 25. A. attention B. mistakes C. manners D. fears 26. A. appeal B. enquiry C. injustice D. excuse 27. A. show B. role C. speech D. business 28. A. record B. attach C. offer D. do 29. A. performances B. departments C. sections D. courses 30. A. changed B. improved C. occurred D. remained 31. A. idea B. aim C. job D. game 32. A. leadership B. relationships C. theories D. strength 33. A. helping B. observing C. teaching D. saving 34. A. identifies B. separates C. compares D. combines 35. A. carried out B. referred to C. held on D. looked up 36. A. true B. last C. second D. different 37. A. nicer B. busier C. older D. happier 38. A. requests B. deserves C. obtains D. prefers 39. A. character B. director C. guide D. star 40. A. modest B. careful C. ready D. curious 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. - 18 - D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者小时候喜欢看电视节目《Bob the Builder》，非常佩服 里面的主人公 Bob，但随着作者的长大，作者发现真正值得钦佩的人是 Wendy，受 Wendy 的影 响，作者也想当建筑师，帮助别人。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被 Bob 如何帮助人们设计和建造他们所需要的一切所吸引。A. amused 逗乐；B. shocked 惊讶；C. attracted 吸引；D. relaxed 放松。由 I showed great interest in the TV show Bob the Builder 可知，我被 Bob 吸引力了。故选 C 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只想看这些。A. watch 看；B. buy 买；C. receive 接收；D. read 阅读。由 the TV show 可知，作者是看电视。故选 A 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着年龄的增长和对节目的理解加深，我意识到鲍勃实际 上并不擅长修复东西。A. agreed 同意；B. declared 宣称；C. suggested 建议；D. realized 实现。随着年龄的增长，作者能够更好地理解 TV show，意识到了 Bob 不擅长修东西的问题。 故选 D 项。 【24 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：而鲍勃的同事 Wendy。A. though 尽管；B. while 然而；C. unless 除非；D. once 一旦。由语境可知，Bob 不擅长修东西，Wendy 擅长修东西，二者是对比关系， while 表对比。故选 B 项。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：总是修复他的错误。A. attention 注意；B. mistakes 错误；C. manners 方式、礼貌；D. fears 恐惧。由后文可知，Bob 没有 Wendy 的智慧和天赋将一事无成， 所以 Wendy 总是处理不擅长修东西的 Bob 的问题（帮 Bob 修东西）。故选 B 项。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感觉到一种不公平。A. appeal 吸引力；B. enquiry 询问；C. injustice 不公正；D. excuse 借口。由后文可知，作者不明白为什么 Bob 得到了所有的荣誉， 而 Wendy 没有自己的节目？所以作者感觉不公平。故选 C 项。 - 19 - 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么 Wendy 没有自己的节目？ A. show 节目；B. role 角色；C. speech 演讲；D. business 商业。在节目《Bob the Builder》中，Bob 是主角，但作者很钦 佩 Wendy，觉得她很棒，认为她也应该有自己的电视节目。故选 A 项。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的很佩服 Wendy，当我长大后我决定做任何事情来变成像她一 样的人。A. record 记录；B. attach 连接；C. offer 提供；D. do 做。由上一句可知，作者 很钦佩 Wendy，所以决定做任何事来向她靠齐。故选 D 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我是高中生了，修了三门科学课，包括工程学。A. performances 表演；B. departments 部门；C. sections 部分；D. courses 课程。take courses 是固定搭 配，意为“参加课程”。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有太大的变化——我仍然有一个强烈的愿望，像 Wendy。A. changed 改变；B. improved 提高；C. occurred 发生；D. remained 保持。由作者是一个高中生和后 一句“我仍然有一个强烈的愿望”，可知作者没有太大的变化。故选 A 项。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Wendy 工作中最棒的部分是与她工作的人见面和交谈。A. idea 想 法；B. aim 目的；C. job 工作；D. game 游戏。由全文语境可知，此处指 Wendy 在该电视节 目中的工作。故选 C 项。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她建立关系，并对她所帮助的人的生活产生积极影响。A. leadership 领导；B. relationships 关系；C. theories 理论；D. strength 力量。由后文的 she meets and talks to the people she is working for 可知，Wendy 在工作过程中会与人建立联系。 故选 B 项。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对帮助他人的兴趣促使我决定学习工程学。A. helping 帮忙；B. observing 观察；C. teaching 教育；D. saving 节约。由后文中的 my love of helping and working with others 可知，作者对帮助人有兴趣。故选 A 项。 【34 题详解】 - 20 - 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这将我对数学和科学的热爱与我对帮助他人和与他人合作的热爱 结合起来。A. identifies 识别；B. separates 分开；C. compares 比较；D. combines 结合。 由语境可知，正是作者把对数学和科学的热爱与对帮助他人和与他人合作的热爱结合起来了， 作者才决定学习工程学帮助别人。故选 D 项。 【35 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近，我和父母谈我的童年，他们提到了电视节目《Bob the Builder》。A. carried out 实施；B. referred to 提及；C. held on 坚持；D. looked up 锁好。由全文语境可知，作者和父母谈童年，父母肯定不可避免地提到了作者小时候爱看的 电视节目《Bob the Builder》。故选 B 项。 【36 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想我应该再给 Bob 一次机会来赢回我的心，所以我看了一集。 A. true 真正的；B. last 最后的；C. second 第二的；D. different 不同的。根据语境，作 者此处想表达再给 Bob 一个机会，此处 a second 表示“再一次”。故选 C 项。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认 Bob 可能比我记得的要好一点。A. nicer 更好的；B. busier 更忙碌的；C. older 更老的；D. happier 更快乐的。由上文可知，作者认为 Bob 没有 Wendy 好，但看了一集后，作者承认 Bob 比原来印象中的要好。故选 A 项。 【38 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我坚持我的观点，Wendy 应该得到更多的赞扬。A. requests 请 求；B. deserves 值得；C. obtains 得到；D. prefers 更喜欢、宁愿。but 表转折，虽然作 者承认 Bob 比原来印象中的要好，但作者仍然觉得 Wendy 值得更多的赞扬。故选 B 项。 【39 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我永远认为她是节目《Bob the Builder》中的明星。A. character 人物；B. director 导演；C. guide 指导；D. star 明星。由上文可知，作者很钦佩 Wendy， 长大后也想成为 Wendy 一样的人，所以作者认为 Wendy 是节目《Bob the Builder》中的明星。 故选 D 项。 【40 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她让我觉得我已经准备好成为一个男性建筑工地上的女性。A. modest 谦虚的；B. careful 认真的；C. ready 准备的；D. curious 好奇的。由上文语境可 知，作者钦佩 Wendy，认为 Wendy 应该得到更多的赞扬，所以作者已经准备好成为一个男性建 - 21 - 筑工地上的女性。故选 C 项。 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whales have been facing serious danger for a long time. First, due ____41____ the greenhouse effect, glaciers are melting, and some living creatures in the Antarctic and the Arctic ____42____ (be) on the edge of extinction. With global warming, life in other parts of the ocean has also been seriously affected, whales ____43____ (include). Secondly, whaling activity is another killer. Historically, whaling has been popular in some overseas countries, such as England, Japan and Norway. On the one hand, some people’s desire for money can’t ____44____ (meet) easily, and they regard whales as a money-making machine. A kilogram of whale meat can fetch about $100 in Japan. On ____45____ other hand, advanced technology has increased the efficiency of whaling and ____46____ (great) reduced the number of whales. What’s more, some countries are still on whaling in the name of science, ____47____ (seem) curious about this creature. The fact ____48____ whales are on the edge of extinction is alarming us. Some ____49____ (organize) have begun working hard to save them. The international community has made a strategy against commercial whaling. In my opinion, governments should also make tough laws ____50____ (protect) whales. 【答案】41. to 42. are 43. included 44. be met 45. the 46. greatly 47. seeming 48. that 49. organizations/ organisations 50. to protect 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲸鱼长期以来面临灭绝的主要原因，以及国际组织对这一问题 的重视。 - 22 - 【41 题详解】 考查固定搭配。due to 是固定搭配，意为“因为、由于”。故填 to。 【42 题详解】 考查主谓一致。本文讲事实，时态以一般现在时为主，some living creatures 是主语，所以 谓语该用 are。故填 are。 【43 题详解】 考查过去分词。included 在表示“包括……在内”时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，即 sb./sth. included，做名词的后置定语，所以用过去分词 included。故填 included。 【44 题详解】 考查语态。分析句子可知，此处缺乏谓语动词，主语 some people’s desire for money 与 meet 是被动关系（be done），所以该用被动语态。故填 be met。 【45 题详解】 考查固定搭配。on the other hand 是固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。故填 the。 【46 题详解】 考查副词。great 要修饰动词 reduced，副词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。故填 greatly。 【47 题详解】 考查现在分词。该句已有谓语动词 are，此空前又没有连词，可知此处该填现在分词（doing）， 动词 seem 和主语 some countries 是主动关系，所以用现在分词做伴随状语。故填 seeming。 【48 题详解】 考查同位语从句引导词。that 引导同位语从句，that 在从句不作成分，无实意。故填 that。 【49 题详解】 考查名词。此句中缺主语，且主语前有 some 所修饰，应使用可数名词复数形式。故填 organizations/organisations。 【50 题详解】 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，此处表目的，要用动词不定式（to do）作目的状语。故填 to protect。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 - 23 - 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（˄），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 Ten years ago, I had an idea of extracting（提炼）preciously metals from used batteries. I was eager for the support of my father. A few years late, my father agreed with me. He decided offer me some funds to set up the company. In order to run the company well, I got on the fight down to Switzerland, on where I studied advanced production technology and management styles for three month. In my view, that was entirely likely for the company to achieve an annual profit approaching $3 million. With my hard work, I do achieve my aim. When asking why I had chosen the project, I said, “Recycling used batteries can save resources, protect the environment or benefit future generations.” 【答案】1. preciously → precious 2. late → later 3.在 decided 后面在 to 4.（将 set up 后面的） the → a 5.去掉 on 6. month → months 7. that → it 8. do → did 9. asking → asked 10. or → and 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在父亲的支持下，成立了一家从废旧电池中提取金属的环 保型公司，通过学习先进生产技术与管理风格，不断努力，终于取得成功。 【详解】1. 考查形容词。修饰名词 metals 需用形容词，precious metals 意为“贵金属”。 故将 preciously 改为 precious。 - 24 - 2. 考查副词。A few years later 表示“几年之后”，所以用副词 later。故将 late 改为 later。 3. 考查固定搭配。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决定干某事”，所以 decide 后需 加 to。故在 decided 后面在 to。 4. 考查冠词。此处的 company 是泛指（一个公司），需用不定冠词。故将（set up 后面的） the 改为 a。 5. 考查定语从句。Switzerland 是先行词，定语从句中缺地点状语，需用关系副词 where 引 导，故将介词 on 去掉；注意：把 where 改为 which 不能算对，因为需把介词 on 改为 in 才行。 故去掉 on。 6. 考查名词的数。可数名词 month 由复数 three 修饰，所以 month 用复数形式。故将 month 改为 months。 7. 考查 it 做形式主语。这是 it is likely for sb. to do sth.句型，it 是形式主语，其 后的动词不定式（to do）是真正的主语。故将 that 改为 it。 8. 考查时态。讲述过去发生的事该用一般过去时，“did +动词原形”结构强调动词。故将 do 改为 did。 9. 考查过去分词。分析句子可知，when 引导的时间状语从句，省略了主语（I）和 be 动词， 动词 ask 与主语 I 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词（done），可补充完整为：When I was asked，故使用过去分词 asked。故将 asking 改为 asked。 10. 考查连词。save resources, protect the environment 和 benefit future generations 三者是并列关系，不是选择关系，所以把并列连词 or 改为 and。故将 or 改为 and。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 52. 假定你是李华，你校国际部打算举办“教外国学生下中国象棋（Chinese chess）”的活 动，现正在招募志愿者。你有意向成为志愿者，请你用英语写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 写信目的； 2. 你的优势； 3. 期待同意申请。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, ________________________________________________________________________________ - 25 - ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Your, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/ Madam, Learning from the school newspaper that the International Department will hold an activity titled “Teaching Foreign Students to Play Chinese Chess”, with great interest, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer. Being an outgoing student, I’ve been looking forward to making friends with foreigners and enhancing my social skill. After a careful consideration, I think I’m qualified for the job. For one thing, I’ m good at spoken English, which plays an important role in teaching foreign students to play Chinese chess. For another, I have a good command of Chinese chess and I won the first place in the city chess contest. If you could take my application into account and give me a chance to have a try, I’d be appreciative. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给校国际部，申请成为“教外国学生下中国象 棋（Chinese chess）”活动的志愿者。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时 人称：第一人称为主 结构：总分法 - 26 - 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1. 写信目的； 2. 你的优势； 3. 期待同意申请。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） learn from；social skill；be qualified for；play an important role in doing sth.； have a good command of sth.；take sth. into account 第三步：连词成句 1. Learning from the school newspaper that the International Department will hold an activity titled “Teaching Foreign Students to Play Chinese Chess”, 2. I’ve been looking forward to making friends with foreigners and enhancing my social skill. 3. After a careful consideration, I think I’m qualified for the job. 4. I’ m good at spoken English, which plays an important role in teaching foreign students to play Chinese chess. 5. I have a good command of Chinese chess and I won the first place in the city chess contest. 6. If you could take my application into account and give me a chance to have a try, I’d be appreciative. (根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。） 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause(从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5 表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say, - 27 - 6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking 8.表选择：either…or…，or 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意 思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的复合句，如 I’ m good at spoken English, which plays an important role in teaching foreign students to play Chinese chess 这句话中，用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，如在 If you could take my application into account and give me a chance to have a try, I’d be appreciative 这句话中，用了 if 引导的条件状语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如 social skill，be qualified for，play an important role in doing sth.，have a good command of sth.，take sth. into account 等，为文章增色不少；并注意了句子的衔接，如 After，For one thing，For another。全文 中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明， 上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 28 -