2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习：名词性从句知识点

2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习：名词性从句知识点

‎2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习：名词性从句知识点 ‎  概述：　名词性从句的功能相当于名词。根据其在句中充当的成分，可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 主语从句 ‎  在复合句中做主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的连词：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether （是否），if （是否）（通常只能用于it作形式主语的主语从句），连结代词： who （谁）（主格）, whom （谁）（宾格）, whose（谁的）（所有格）, what （什么，所……的（东西或事情））, which （那个，那些），whoever （无论谁）（主格）, whomever （无论谁）（宾格）, whatever（无论什么）, whichever （无论那个，无论那些），连接副词： when（何时）, where （何地）, how （怎样，如何）, why （为什么）等。如：‎ That the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde is known to us all. ‎ ‎=It is known to us all that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde.‎ ‎=What is known to us all is that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde.‎ ‎=As is known to us all, the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde.‎ 众所周知，２０22年冬季奥运会将在承德举行。‎ That you don’t like him is none of my business.  ‎ 你不喜欢他与我有什么关系呢。‎ What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.‎ 他在会上的发言是到会的人都感到惊讶。‎ What are to be decided at the meeting will be announced tomorrow.‎ 在会议上即将做出的决定明天就会公布。‎ What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.‎ ‎= that China is a developing country is known to us all.‎ ‎＝It is known to us all that China is a developing country.‎ ‎=As is known to us all, China is a developing country.‎ 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。‎ ‎ ‎ 注：　由于主语从句一般都较长，所以常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。如：　‎ It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray. ‎ ‎=Her hair was turning gray, which worried her a bit.‎ ‎=Her hair was turning gray, and it worried her a bit.‎ ‎=Her hair was turning gray. It worried her a bit.‎ 头发日渐灰白使他有些担忧。‎ It is a fact that Chinese is being accepted as an international language.‎ 汉语正逐渐被人们承认为一门国际语言是一个事实。‎ It happened that she married a man whose father had killed her father.‎ 碰巧她嫁给了一个他的父亲杀害她的父亲的男人。‎ ‎ ‎ 宾语从句 ‎  在句中做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可以作谓语动词、介词、非谓语动词和一些形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连词：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether （是否）， if （是否）（通常只能用于宾语从句，但不能与or not连用）, 连结代词： who （谁）（主格）, whom （谁）（宾格）, whose （谁的）（所有格）, what （什么，所……的（东西或事情））, which （那个，那些），whoever （无论谁）（主格）, whomever （无论谁）（宾格）, whatever（无论什么）, whichever （无论那个，无论那些），连接副词： when（何时）, where （何地）, how （怎样，如何）, why （为什么）等。如：‎ I remember when this used to be a quiet village.‎ 我还记得这村庄以前那宁静的时光 No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.‎ 没有人确知人类在一百万年后会是什么样子。‎ I really don’t know how he solved the problem.‎ 我真地不知道她是怎样解决这个问题的。‎ ‎ ‎ 注：　a. 用that引导的宾语从句，that通常可以省略，如果有两个及以上的that引导的宾语从句，最后一个that 不能省略。如：　‎ He denied (that) he had entered the room and that he had stolen the money.‎ 他否认了他曾进入房间偷钱。‎ b. 注意宾语从句中“否定前移”的现象。　如果主句中有表示“认为”之意的动词：　think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine等，则宾语从句中的否定应在主句中表达出来。如：　‎ I don’t suppose she is likely to come.‎ 我认为她不可能来。‎ I don’t think he can pass the exam.‎ 我认为他不可能通过考试。‎ ‎ ‎ c. 在疑问句中，表示“认为”之意的动词：　think, suppose, believe, expect,imagine等后接带疑问词类的连接词的宾语从句时，该疑问词类的连接词应该置于句首。如：‎ Who do you suppose will go to Beijing?    ‎ 你认为谁会去北京？‎ Where do you think we will have the meeting?‎ 你认为我们在那儿开会？‎ ‎-- We haven’t heard from her for a long time.‎ ‎-- What do you think has happened to her?‎ ‎－我们很久没有收到她的来信了。‎ ‎－你认为她出了什么事吗？　‎ d. 如果宾语从句从句后带有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后。如：‎ We all consider it a pity that he was not able to join us in going camping.‎ 我们都认为他不能跟我们一起去野营是一件遗憾的事。‎ I think it very necessary that primary school pupils should learn English.‎ 我认为小学生学英语是非常必要的。‎ ‎ ‎ e. 注意介宾从句的使用。如：‎ The dictionary is good except that the price is too high.‎ 这本词典不错，只是价格太高了。‎ Nobody showed any interest in what he was saying.‎ 没有人对他所说的感兴趣。‎ ‎ ‎ f. 注意宾语从句的省略形式。在上下文已经表达了宾语从句的内容的情况下，宾语从句通常只保留连接词，而省略句子的其余内容。如：‎ Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember which.‎ 布莱克博士不是来自牛津就是来自剑桥，我记不起从哪里来的了。‎ ‎  ‎ 表语从句 ‎     在复合句中做主句表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的连词： that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether （是否），连结代词： who （谁）（主格）, whom （谁）（宾格）, whose （谁的）（所有格）, what （什么，所……的（东西或事情））, which （那个，那些），whoever （无论谁）（主格）, whomever （无论谁）（宾格）, whatever （无论什么）, whichever （无论那个，无论那些），连接副词： when（何时）, where （何地）, how （怎样，如何）, why （为什么）, as if/though（好像）, because（因为，由于）等。‎ The problem is that we are short of tools.‎ 问题是我们缺少工具。‎ What interests me most is what I have bought myself.‎ 使我非常感兴趣的是我自己买的东西。‎ Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.      ‎ 去把你的上衣拿回来，它还在你放的地方。‎ That is why there appears a rainbow in the sky.‎ 那就是为什么天空中会出现彩虹。‎ I think it is because you’re eating too much.‎ 我认为那是因为你吃的太多了。‎ Is it because we are closer to the sun in summer than we are in winter?‎ 这是原因我们在夏天比冬天离太阳更近吗？　‎ The reason why he was ill is that he was caught in the heavy rain last night.‎ 他生病的原因是他昨天晚上淋雨了。‎ It looks as if it is going to snow.‎ 看起来要下雪了。‎ His white hair was so hard that it looked as if it had been electrified.‎ 他的白头发如此硬的以致看起来象触了电似的。‎ The boy looked about as if he were searching for something.‎ ‎= The boy looked about as if in search of something.‎ 这个男孩好像在寻找什么东西。‎ He raised his hand as if he would take off his hat.‎ ‎= He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.‎ 他举起手好像要取下帽子。‎ ‎ ‎ 同位语从句 ‎    用作同位語的从句叫同位語从句，一般跟在一些名词如： idea（观点，看法）, news（消息）, word（消息）， fact（事实） , promise（诺言）, truth（事实）, hope（愿望）, information（消息，信息）, knowledge（知识）, problem（问题）, thought（思想，想法）belief （相信，看法）等后面，用以说明名词表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连词有： that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether （是否），连接副词： when（何时）, where （何地）, how （怎样，如何）, why （为什么）等。如：　‎ You would have no idea how excited I was at that moment.‎ 你不会知道我当时是多么的激动。‎ There is a popular among parents that schools are no longer interested in handwriting.‎ 在家长中间有一个流行的看法，学校不再对书法感兴趣了。‎ ‎ ‎ 注：  that 引导的同位语从句和 that 引导的定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that 不作任何句子成分只起引导作用，定语从句中的that 既起引导作用又在定语从句中作一个句子成分。如：‎ The news that he won the English Competition surprised us most.‎ 他赢得英语竞赛这个消息使我们感到非常惊讶。‎ ‎（该句中的that引导同位语从句， that 不作任何句子成分只起引导作用。）‎ The news that surprised us most was that he won the English Competition.‎ 使我们感到非常惊讶的这个消息是他赢得了英语竞赛。‎ ‎（该句中的that引导定语从句， that 既起引导作用又在定语从句中作句子的主语。）‎ ‎ ‎ 注： a. 注意如何使用不同的连接词。一般来说，如果名词性从句的句意是完整的，通常用 that引导；如果主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句缺句子成分主语、宾语或表语，指物时用what引导；指人时作主语用who，作宾语或表语用whom或who（不能用作 介词的宾语）；　表示两个或多个中选择一个或一部分时用which；如果主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句缺句子成分定语时用whose；　如果名词性从句缺状语，时间状语用when，地点状语用where，方式状语用how，原因状语用why。如：‎ The reason why he was absent from the lecture is that he was seriously ill.‎ 他没有来上课的原因是他病得很严重。‎ What we can’t get seems better than what we have.‎ 我们不能得到的好像总是要比我们拥有的更美好。‎ I didn’t quite follow you. What was that you just said about the place?‎ ‎（此句变为陈述句： That was what you just said about the place.）‎ 我不明白你的意思，那就是你谈到的这个地点的情况吗？　‎ What I want to say is that you’d better have a rest.‎ 我想说的就是你最好休息一下。‎ ‎ ‎ b. 注意 whether 与if 在名词性从句中的运用。Whether和 if表示“是否”之意时可以引导名词性从句，whether可以用于任何名词性从句，而if通常只能用于宾语从句，但不能与or not连用；或用于it作形式主语的主语从句。如：　‎ I don’t know whether (if) you like flowers, sir.‎ 先生，我不知道你是否喜欢花。‎ He hesitated whether (if) he should make one last attempt to save the man.‎ 他犹豫了一下，不知是否该作最后的努力去救那个男子。‎ It all depends on whether we can get their co-operation.‎ 这就要看我们能否得到他们的合作。‎ Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.‎ 这件事到底是好是坏还有待证实。‎ His first question was whether she had arrived yet.‎ 他问的第一个问题就是她是否到了。‎ I was wondering whether I would go upstairs or follow him to the library.‎ 我不知道我是上楼还是跟他去图书馆。‎ I had no idea whether I ought to offer her any help.‎ 我不知道我是否应该给她提供任何帮助。‎ ‎ ‎ c.     注意名词性从句必须用陈述句的语序，尤其是注意在宾语从句中。如：　‎ I know when the city used to be a small village.‎ 我知道这个城市曾经是一个小村庄。‎ Can you tell me how China has joined in the WTO (the World Trade Organization)?‎ 你能告诉我中国为什么加入世界贸易组织吗？‎ ‎ ‎ d. 注意如何使用下列连接词：whoever （无论谁）（主格）, whomever （无论谁）（宾格）, whatever （无论什么）, whichever （无论那个，无论那些）。这些连接代词引导名词性从句时，具有双重身份。也就是说，它既在主句中作一个句子成分，同时它又引导名词性从句，并在名词性从句中作一个句子成分。而其它的连接词只是引导名词性从句，连接代词或连接副词要在从句中作一个句子成分，但它本身不在主句中作一个句子成分，而是引导整个名词性从句在主句中作一个句子成分。试对比：　‎ Whoever has saved the drowning girl is worth praising.‎ 谁救了那个落水女孩,谁就应该受到表扬。‎ Whoever comes will be welcomed.‎ 无论是谁来了都会受到欢迎的。‎ Whoever wants the book may have it.‎ 谁想要这本书就拿去吧。‎ Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.‎ 无论是谁得到这份工作都有很多事要做。‎ He knew the files could be of help to whoever took over the job.‎ 他知道这些文件对任何一个接手这项工作的人都有用。‎ They should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they might desire.‎ 她们应该享有完成自由，嫁给她们可能愿意嫁的人。‎ Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.‎ 请跟我谈一下正在给你带来麻烦的事。‎ You must do whatever is best for you.‎ 你必须做对你好处最大的事。‎ She would tell him whatever news she got.‎ 她会告诉他她所得到的任何消息。‎ The prize will go to whichever of you writes the best essay.‎ 此奖将奖给你们中论文写得最好的人。‎ I will take whichever books you don’t want.‎ 我要你不要的所有的书。‎ Take whichever seat you like.‎ 你想坐那个座位就坐那个座位。‎ ‎  ‎