2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 3Inventors and inventions单元学案（20页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 3Inventors and inventions单元学案（20页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 3Inventors and inventions单元学案 单元基础词汇 ‎1．achieve vt. 达到；取得__‎ ‎2．ambitious adj. 有雄心壮志的__‎ ‎3．birthplace n． 出生地；故乡__‎ ‎4． confident__ adj.自信的 ‎5．creative adj. 富有创造力的__‎ ‎6．be enthusiastic about__对……热心 ‎7．make efforts to do__ sth.努力做某事 ‎8．regard...as... 认为……是……__‎ ‎9．make great contributions__ to对……做出巨大贡献 ‎10． set__ a good example to__为……做出好榜样 ‎11．be honored as 被誉为……__‎ ‎12．be fond of/keen on... 喜欢……__‎ ‎13．be skilled in__ sth.在……方面熟练 ‎14．develop an interest in 在……方面发展兴趣__‎ ‎15．cause wide public concern 引起公众的广泛关注__‎ 单元好句 ‎1．The first computer was brought into the world by Vannevar Bush in 1931. From then on__,_it has enriched__ people's whole life.‎ 第一台电脑是在1931年被范内瓦·布什发明的，从那时起，它丰富了人们的整体生活。‎ ‎2．Their inventions have contributed to__ the development of the whole society.‎ 他们的发明促进了整个社会的发展。‎ ‎3．He is considered as__ a creative scientist and people show great respect to him.‎ 作为一位极具创造力的科学家，人们非常尊重他。‎ 词汇素养 Ⅰ.单词识记 ‎1． bear__vt.忍受；忍耐；负担 ‎2． seize__vt.抓住；捉住；夺 ‎3． associate__vt.联想；联系　n．[C]同伴；伙伴→ association__n.[C]社团；联合；联想 ‎4． distinguish__vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→ distinguished__adj.著名的；卓越的 ‎5． passive__adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的→ (反义词) positive__adj.积极的 ‎6． merciful__adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→ (反义词) merciless__adj.残忍的；无情的→ mercy__n.[U]宽恕；仁慈 ‎7． convenient__adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→ (反义词) inconvenient__adj.不便利的；不方便的 ‎8． practical__adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→ (反义词) impractical__adj.不明智的；不现实的 ‎9． caution__n.[U]小心；谨慎→ cautious__adj.小心的；谨慎的→ cautiously__adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎10． abrupt__adj.突然的；意外的→ abruptly__adv.突然地 ‎11． expectation__n.[C，U]预料；期待； 期望→ expect__v.预料；期待；期望 ‎12． freezing__adj.冰冻的；严寒的→ freeze__v.冰冻→ frozen__adj.冻结的 ‎13．competence n． 能力；胜任；本领__‎ ‎14．criterion n． 标准；尺度__‎ ‎15．innocent adj. 清白的；天真的__‎ Ⅱ.词汇运用 ‎1． (2016·天津卷)In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations__ (expect)．‎ ‎2． (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing__ (freeze) water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ ‎3． (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let/letting__ (let) it happen again.‎ ‎4． (2015·广东卷)It's important to distinguish reality from__ dreams.‎ ‎5． (全国卷)We hope you will accept our invitation if it is convenient__ (convenience) for you.‎ ‎6．When we plan our vacation, mother often offers practical__ (practice) suggestions.‎ ‎7．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated__with bad luck, but actually there isn't any association__between them. (associate)‎ ‎8．The products__which have been produced__in our factory fail to meet the demand.So we are planning to expand production__. (product)‎ Ⅲ.单词巧记 ‎1．含fore前缀的单词面面观 ‎①forehead n．额头　　　　 ②forecast vt.预报 ‎③foresee vt.预见 ④forward n．前言 ‎⑤forearm n．前臂 ‎2．后缀ive形容词集锦 ‎①active主动的 ‎②passive被动的 ‎③positive积极的 ‎④negative消极的 ‎⑤subjective主观的 ‎⑥expensive昂贵的 ‎3．表示“抓住”的相关词语一览 ‎①seize vt.抓住；捉住 ‎②catch vt.抓住；接住 ‎③grasp vt.抓住；掌握 ‎④catch hold of抓住 ‎⑤get hold of抓住 短语速记 Ⅰ.短语默写 ‎1． call up__给……打电话，使想起 ‎2． now and then__偶尔；有时 ‎3． set about__开始；着手 ‎4． dive into__迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎5． set out (to do)__开始 (做)‎ ‎6． hang on__不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎7． out of order__次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎8． get through__设法联系上 (尤指打通电话)； (设法)做完；通过；度过 ‎9． ring back__回复电话 ‎10． ring off__挂断电话 Ⅱ.短语填空 ‎1．Someone called up__from downtown and asked to see you at five.‎ ‎2．Having made up his mind, he set about__carrying out the plan.‎ ‎3．It's the love and responsibility that have driven him to get through__many hardships and survive.‎ ‎4．If you hang on__for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother.‎ ‎5．I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order__.You had better sort them out.‎ ‎6．When you were out, John rang up, and he wanted you to ring__him back__.‎ ‎7．The thief dived__his hand into__my handbag and robbed the wallet and ran away.‎ ‎8．The girl goes to visit her English teacher now and ‎ then__who retired from school last year.‎ Ⅲ.联想归纳 ‎1．“有时”词汇全接触 ‎①now and then偶尔；有时 ‎②now and again不时；时而 ‎③from time to time不时 ‎2．“v.＋into”结构的短语荟萃 ‎①dive into一心投入 ‎②burst into突然闯入 ‎③run into撞上 ‎④look into调查 ‎⑤knock into撞上 ‎⑥break into破门而入 句式悟通 背会原句 知晓考点 我会仿用 ‎1.The criteria are ！！！so strict ！！！that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.‎ 专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。‎ so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句 ‎1.她那么仁慈以至于邻居们都爱她。‎ She was so merciful that__ she was loved by all her neighbours.‎ ‎2.！！！Follow_it_up,_explore ‎ 本句为“‎ ‎2.给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。‎ all around it, ！！！and before you know it, ！！！you_will_have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。‎ 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构。‎ Give me a chance, and I'll give you a wonderful surprise__.‎ 精 研 词 汇 短 语 ‎1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 归纳拓展 ‎(1)distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……‎ distinguish...from...使……有别于……‎ distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出 ‎(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for...因……而出名 ‎(3)distinguishable adj.易分辨的；能区分的 多维训 完成句子。‎ ‎① (2017·江苏)They can even distinguish__ their mother's voice from__ that of a female stranger.‎ 它们 ‎ (雏鸟)甚至能够把它们的妈妈的声音与一位陌生雌鸟的声音区分开来。‎ ‎② (朗文辞典)the twins are so alike. It's difficult to distinguish__ one from__ the other.‎ 这对双胞胎太像了，很难分辨出谁是谁。‎ ‎③ (牛津词典)At what age are children able to distinguish between__ right and__ wrong?‎ 儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？‎ ‎④The Chinese Nation which is distinguished for __ its diligence and courage has attracted the attention from the world.‎ 以勤劳勇敢著称的中华民族吸引了来自世界的关注。‎ 单句语法填空。‎ ‎⑤It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man from__ the other animals.‎ ‎⑥Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished__ (distinguish) achievements.‎ ‎2．bear vt. (bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实 归纳拓展 ‎(1)can't bear doing/to do sth. 不能忍受做某事 can't bear sb./sb.'s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事 ‎(2)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担 bear responsibility/the blame 承担责任/受责备 ‎(3)bear/keep sth.in mind 记住某事 bear/keep in mind that...记住……‎ 多维训练 写出下列句中bear的含义。‎ ‎①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？ 负担；承担__‎ ‎②He can't bear being laughed at in public. 忍受__‎ ‎③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday. 生育__‎ ‎④Some of the newlyplanted apple trees have also begun to bear. 结果实__‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎⑤I couldn't bear to listen/listening__ (listen)any longer，so I left the room.‎ ‎⑥ Bearing__ (bear)a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.‎ 补全句子。‎ ‎⑦We should always bear/keep in mind that__many traffic accidents arise from drunk driving.‎ 我们应该牢记，很多事故都是由酒后驾驶造成的。‎ ‎3．associate vt.联想；联系　n．同伴，伙伴 归纳拓展 ‎(1)associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事 be associated with... 和……有关 associate with sb.与某人交往或打交道 ‎(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with... 与……合伙/合作 多维训练 完成句子。‎ ‎①The first step to making friends is associating with__ other people.‎ 交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。‎ ‎② (牛津词典)He is closely associated__ in the public mind with__ horror movies.‎ 在公众心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。 ‎ 单句语法填空。‎ ‎③We are working in association__ (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.‎ ‎④Health is frequently thought to be associated__ (associate) with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.‎ 一句多译。‎ 有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。‎ ‎⑤There are many serious health problems that/which are associated with smoking__. (使用定语从句)‎ ‎⑥There are many serious health problems associated with smoking__. (使用分词短语作定语)‎ ‎⑦There are many serious health problems in association with smoking__. (使用介词短语作定语)‎ ‎4．call up给……打电话；使想起 归纳拓展 call at 拜访 (某个地点)‎ call off 取消；停止 call on/upon 拜访 (某人)；号召 call for (公开)要求；呼吁；需要；去接 (某人)‎ call in 邀请；请来,‎ 多维训练 用call短语填空。‎ ‎① (2015·湖南)The teacher's praise called up__ memories of my mother's encouragement.‎ ‎②President Xi Jinping called up__ Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, the two astronauts aboard the Tiangong number two space experiment apparatus to ask their physical condition.‎ ‎③They call on/upon/for__people and the government to take measures to fight against light pollution.‎ ‎④The game was called off__because of the bad weather.‎ ‎⑤He offered me a good job, one that calls for__ great patience.‎ ‎⑥I will call for__ you at 8 o'clock at the school gate.‎ ‎⑦Mr White was to call at__ my house after he finished his speech.‎ ‎5．get through设法联系上 (尤指打通电话)； (设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽 归纳拓展 ‎(1)get (sth.)across (to sb.) (使某事)被 (某人)理解 get along with sb.与某人相处；进展 get away with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to (doing)sth.开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over 爬过……；克服 (困难)；从……中恢复过来 ‎(2)go through经历；检查 look through浏览；仔细查看 live through活过……；经过……之后仍然活着 see through看穿；识破 多维训练 写出下列句中get through的含义。‎ ‎①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 设法做完__‎ ‎②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. 打通电话__‎ ‎③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through. 通过__‎ ‎④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more. 用光__‎ ‎⑤She found writing helped her get through the rough days. 渡过__‎ 选用get短语填空。‎ ‎⑥How can I get__it across__to you how important it is?‎ ‎⑦Studying a foreign language is always hard at the beginning，but I'll get over__it.‎ ‎⑧It's high time that I got/should get down to__reflecting on my mistakes.‎ 精 析 句 型 结 构 ‎！！！Follow it up, explore all around it, ！！！and before you know it, ！！！you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。‎ 该句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，表示“条件与结果”的逻辑关系。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句 ‎(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句 ‎(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句 温馨提示 以上结构后面的陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。‎ 多维训练 用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构改写下列句子。‎ ‎①If you work hard, you will succeed in the examination.‎ ‎ Work hard and you will succeed in the examination.__‎ ‎②You will miss the first bus unless you hurry up.‎ ‎ Hurry up or you will miss the first bus.__‎ ‎③If we are given one more week, we'll accomplish the task.‎ ‎ One more week, and we'll accomplish the task.__‎ 单句语法填空。‎ ‎④Give up smoking, or__ you may die of lung cancer.‎ ‎⑤A bit more effort, I think, and__ you will settle the problem.‎ 基 础 训 练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Give me a chance, and__ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.‎ ‎2．I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network；I can't seem to get through__.‎ ‎3．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about__ preparing your business plan.‎ ‎4．Read this story, and__ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.‎ ‎5．As I grew up in a small town at the foot of the mountain, the visit to the village called up__scenes of my childhood.‎ ‎6．We have to be practical__ (practice)．There is no point in looking at a house we can't afford to buy.‎ ‎7．What shocked the police and the people around most was that the kidnapper suddenly dived into__ his pocket and took out a gun in a desperate attempt to escape with the kidnapped child.‎ ‎8．I rang you several times yesterday, but couldn't get ‎ ‎ through__.‎ ‎9．In order to lose weight, the young lady prefers to work out__ regularly rather than take expensive weightlosing pills.‎ ‎10．Until the start of the Industrial Revolution, mankind was poor, hungry, and constantly at__ the mercy of disease and natural disasters.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．When we are away from home, we should call up__ (打电话) our parents from time to time.‎ ‎2．He felt disappointed by failing to apply for his patent__ (申请专利)．‎ ‎3．The elevator was not in good condition and would be out of order now and then__ (偶尔会出故障)．‎ ‎4．In an abrupt accident, he had to bear the responsibility__ (承担责任) to take care of his retired grandfather.‎ ‎5．As soon as he arrived at the Patent office__ (专利局), he set out to work hard__ (开始努力工作) and obtained his workmates' recognition.‎ ‎6．很显然，只有学会抓住机遇，我们才能获得成功。‎ Apparently, only__ when we learn to seize the chance__, can we__ achieve success.‎ ‎7．直到发明了电话才让来自不同地方的人们彼此交流更方便。‎ ‎ It was not until__ the invention of the telephone that__ made people from different places communicate with each ‎ other more conveniently.‎ ‎8．他是一个如此充满活力的人，每天都一心投入到工作中，从未感到消极。‎ ‎ So__ dynamic a person was he that__ he dived into__ his work every day and never felt passive.‎ ‎9．据证明，肺癌与吸烟有关。‎ ‎ It is proved that__ lung cancer is associated with__ cigarette smoking.‎ ‎10．每次我感到沮丧的时候，我最好的朋友小李都会安慰我。‎ ‎ Every time__ I felt cast down, my best friend Xiao Li would comfort me.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.‎ ‎ Distinguishing→Distinguished__‎ ‎2．The government calls up the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.‎ ‎ up→on/upon/for__‎ ‎3．Start out right away，you will catch the last train.‎ ‎ you前加and__‎ ‎4．The new government must set out finding solutions to the country's economic problems.‎ ‎ out→about__‎ ‎5．Such much homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.‎ ‎ Such→So__‎ ‎6．We could hear a woman was singing merry in the next room.‎ ‎ merry→merrily__‎ Ⅳ.语篇填空 When I called up my mother in the countryside 1.on__ the telephone she was very upset.“There are some snakes in our courtyard，” she told me.“Snakes come near the house now and then, and 2.they__ seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree.Can you get rid 3.of__ them please？” I felt very proud.Here was 4.a__ chance for me to distinguish 5.myself__ by inventing something 6.merciful__ (mercy) that would catch snakes 7.but__ not harm them, I knew my parents would not like me to hurt these living creatures!‎ The first thing I did was 8.to see__ (see) if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders 9.designed__ (design) to kill snakes.A new approach was clearly needed.I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the 10.easiest__ (easy) way to trap them.‎ 能 力 提 升 Ⅰ.单元考点与语法填空 Before the telephone 1.was invented__ (invent), people used Morse code to contact each other. They only needed to tap a pattern of dots along a wire 2.to create__ (create) a message that could be sent hundreds of miles. This invention ‎ was 3.extremely__ (extreme) practical and served people very well. In the eighteenth century in the Midwest of the USA it was invaluable. It not only warned the law officials of the coming of those unwanted for serious crimes 4.but__ also spread good news far and wide—the discovery of gold in California, for example. It was so important 5.that__ job applicants for the railway had to prove their 6.competence__ (competent) in Morse code. In this way the railway personnel 7.were__ (be) very quickly made aware of any problem to the track or the trains.‎ Of course, nowadays, 8.with__ more modern dynamic ways of sending information, Morse code has become much less popular. But we should not forget 9.how__ valuable it was in the past in helping to make a really unsettled environment 10.more stable__ (stable)．‎ Ⅱ.单元语法与短文改错 (侧重训练构词法)‎ Dear Tom，‎ How is everything with you? You have asked for my advices about how to celebrate Teachers' Day and I'll try to making some suggestions as follows.‎ In China, Teachers' Day celebrated on September 10th every year, which is a great day for us student to express our gratitude to our teachers. So firstly, I think the more suitable way for you is to send cards where you can write down what you want to thank to your teachers. Seeing the cards, your teachers ‎ will be very delighting. Secondly, it would be a good idea whether you can hold a party for your teachers. It is a magic way to deep friendship with your teachers. I hope you will find these ideas practically.‎ Yours，‎ LiHua 答案：‎ Dear Tom，‎ How is everything with you? You have asked for my about how to celebrate Teachers' Day and I'll try to some suggestions as follows.‎ In China, Teachers' Day celebrated on September 10th every year, which is a great day for us to express our gratitude to our teachers. So firstly, I think the suitable way for you is to send cards where you can write down what you want to thank to your teachers. Seeing the cards, your teachers will be very . Secondly, it would be a good idea you can hold a party for your teachers. It is a magic way to friendship with your teachers. I hope you will find these ideas .‎ Yours，‎ LiHua Ⅲ.单元话题与书面表达 ‎(一)根据提示结合本单元所学知识补全短文 (无提示处请填写适当的过渡词)‎ Dear Sir or Madam，‎ I have learned that your designing department is in need of an assistant. I would like you to consider me for the position.‎ ‎① I have set about designing__ (我着手设计) things since I was young. In the past two years, ② I have been diving into designing__ (我一直潜心设计) and have won first prize in the designing competition. ③ What's more/In addition/Besides__,_④ I can bear the hard training__ and ⑤ like to associate with others__ (我能忍受艰苦的训练而且喜欢与人交往). ⑥ Meanwhile__，I am familiar with computer operation and office softwares, which can help me finish my work well.‎ I think ⑦ I can fully live up to your expectations__ (我完全达到您的期望). I would be grateful if you could consider employing me.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎(二)按要求升级词汇和句式 ‎1．用本单元所学高级词汇升级加黑词语 finish→ get through__‎ ‎2．按要求升级句式 用祈使句升级加波浪线的句子 ‎ Consider employing me, and I will be grateful.__‎