2019届一轮复习译林版选修八Unit1Thewrittenword单元学案（13页）

2019届一轮复习译林版选修八Unit1Thewrittenword单元学案（13页）

‎2019届一轮复习译林版选修八Unit1The written word单元学案 单元基础回扣练 ‎(一)单句语法填空 ‎1．He stressed that students should live up to certain standards of behaviour.‎ ‎2．We intended to have_arrived (arrive) at our destination at 9 o'clock, but we didn't because of the traffic jam.‎ ‎3．It is desperately (desperate) sad news and I am absolutely shattered to hear it.‎ ‎4．I know it's time I got down to doing my homework, but I just can't resist playing (play) computer games.‎ ‎5．I was really having trouble with that problem, and was very grateful when Jane came to my rescue. ‎ ‎(二)单句改错 ‎1．Judging from what he said and did, we could conclude that he was desperate of fame.of→for ‎2．They tried to preserve this experiment from failure, but in the vain.去掉the ‎3．She is bent to taking part in the dancing contest to be ‎ held next month.第一个to→on ‎4．Since the children are older now and involved in their own activities, it seems they are always in the run. 第二个in→on ‎5．Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people off the roof of the burning building.off→from ‎(三)完成句子 ‎1．No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk before breakfast.‎ 不管他在哪里，早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。‎ ‎2．My uncle offered to help me but I told him I would_rather_stand_on_my_own_feet_than_accept_his_help.‎ 我叔叔提出要帮助我，但我告诉他我宁愿自力更生也不愿接受他的帮助。‎ ‎3．At present, our company's products have been widely applied and won_a_good_reputation.‎ 目前，我公司的产品已经得到了广泛的应用并赢得了良好的声誉。 ‎ ‎4．Scientists have developed a hybrid of rice that is_more_resistant_to diseases and insects. ‎ 科学家已研发出一种对疾病与虫害更具抵抗力的杂交水稻。‎ ‎5．This book is_intended_to_explain why it is so and ‎ what can be done about it.‎ 这本书就是要说明为什么会这样，同时我们应该怎么做。‎ ‎(四)单项填空 ‎1．All the historic sites within the range of Three Gorges Reservoir have been________to some new locations high above.‎ A．transformed B．transmitted C．transferred D．transported 答案　C　[考查动词词义辨析。transform(使)改变，变形；transmit传输，传播；transfer转移；调动；transport传送，运输，流放。句意：三峡库区内所有的历史遗址都已经搬迁到更高的新的位置。故C项符合句意。]‎ ‎2．Children________react against their parents by going against their wishes.‎ A．cater to B．point to C．take to D．tend to 答案　D　[句意：儿童易于通过违背父母的愿望来与父母作对。tend to“趋向，倾向”，符合句意。cater to迎合……的口味；point to指向；take to开始喜欢。]‎ ‎3．He was robbed last night，but________he didn’t have much ‎ money on him then.‎ A．fortunately B．eventually C．certainly D．surprisingly 答案　A　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：昨晚他被抢劫了，但幸运的是，当时他身上带的钱不多。fortunately幸运地；eventually最终地；certainly当然；surprisingly令人吃惊地。故A项符合句意。]‎ ‎4．She has already begun to establish a reputation ________a writer.‎ ‎ A．/ B．as C．for D．of 答案　B　[reputation as后多接职业名称，指获得荣誉。句意：她早已确立了作为一名作家的荣誉。]‎ ‎5．I'm ________him for what he has done for me.‎ ‎ A．in debt B．in debt to ‎ C．owing to D．owed to ‎ 答案　B　[in debt(to)欠情；感激。]‎ ‎6．The boys adore their mothers.Which of the following can't replace the word“adore”？‎ ‎ A．love B．are devoted to ‎ C．are keen on D．enjoy ‎ 答案　D　[love，are devoted to，are keen on都与原句中的adore有相近的意思。]‎ ‎7．It has been revealed that some government leaders ________their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.‎ ‎ A．employ B．take C．abuse D．overlook 答案　C　[abuse滥用，妄用(权力等)；(不当地)使用。句意：一些政府领导被揭露滥用职权，非法牟利。employ雇用，使用；take拿，取；overlook俯瞰，眺望；忽略。]‎ ‎8．So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.‎ ‎ A．did the attack B．the attack did ‎ C．was the attack D．the attack was 答案　C　[句意：袭击是如此突然以致于敌人根本没有时间逃跑。so...that...引导结果状语从句，so引导的部分提前到句首时，主句要用部分倒装；the attack是句子的主语，形容词sudden是表语，故谓语动词用was，答案选C。]‎ ‎9．The play is OK.When do you intend ________at the theatre?‎ ‎ A．to put it on B．to put on it ‎ C．puts it on D．to putting it on 答案　A　[intend后可跟不定式或动名词，故排除C、D两项；put on的宾语如是代词，要将宾语放在put on之间。]‎ ‎10．My brother would like to buy a good watch but ____was available from that shop.‎ A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither 答案　B　[考查代词。句意：我兄弟想买一块好表，但那家商店没有一个可买的。nothing没有什么。none没有一个，指三个以上；no one只指人不指物；neither两者都不，一个也不。B项符合句意。]‎ ‎11．It is quite________of beginners to forget to use an article before noun.‎ A．ordinary B usual C．typical D．general 答案　C　[句意：名词前忘记用冠词的现象是初学者的特点。typical“典型的”，符合句意。ordinary平凡的；usual通常的；general总的，一般的。]‎ ‎12．The girl cried because she ________the elevator.‎ ‎ A．has trapped in B．had trapped by ‎ C．was trapped with D．was trapped in ‎ 答案　D　[be trapped in困在……中。]‎ ‎13．He would rather _____lectures to the students than _____to different boring conferences.‎ ‎ A．to give；be invited B．give；be invited ‎ C．giving；be invited D．giving；being invited ‎ 答案　B　[would rather后跟动词原形，than后与前面为平行结构。]‎ ‎14．No one really knows for sure ________makes a person become righthanded rather than lefthanded.‎ ‎ A．whatever B．who C．what D．whoever 答案　C　[know后所跟的是宾语从句。句意：没人能确切地知道是什么使一个人用右手而不用左手。what什么，作从句主语。whatever无论什么；who谁；whoever无论谁，不符合句意。]‎ ‎15．—I'm sorry I didn't make it to your party last night.‎ ‎ —________.I know you're busy these days.‎ ‎ A．Of course B．No kidding ‎ C．That's all right D．Don't mention it 答案　C　[句意：——对不起，我昨晚没能去参加你的聚会。——________，我知道你最近忙。对于对方的道歉，应表示“没关系”，所以C项正确。Of course.当然(可以)；No kidding.不开玩笑；That's all right.没关系；别客气；Don't mention it.不用谢，不客气。]‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 When you're surfing the Internet on your laptop from your ‎ ‎ dorm or home，do you know your personal details are being gathered secretly？And would you be surprised to know the information may be sold cheaply to advertisers and marketers?‎ According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal，all it takes is a tiny file in a computer－a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters－to record the computer user's age，gender，location，favorite movies and hobbies.‎ The newspaper reports that Lotame Solutions Inc.，a New York company，uses a sophisticated (先进的) software.called “beacon”to capture what people are typing on a website.‎ Lotame packages that data into profiles (个人资料) about individuals，only without their names，and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers.Batches of such data may be sold for a few dollars.‎ The Wall Street Journal survey discovered that spying on Internet users is one of the fastestgrowing businesses on the World Wide Web.‎ The “cookie”－a tiny text file put on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site，or to track you across many sites is already old news.There are new and more complex tools such as “beacons”which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage.These beacons instantly assess the Internet ‎ user's location，income，shopping interests and even medical conditions.‎ Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented (空前的) threats.Private，sensitive，personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.‎ Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly.But the technology has grown so powerful that even some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers.These include MSN.com and Yahoo.com.‎ Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you've been planning to buy，don't be amazed that your computer can read your mind.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　经常上网的人可能都遇到过这样的情况：浏览网页(surfing the Internet)时总是跳出一些广告，内容还都是你最近想买的商品。别误会，你的电脑还没智能到读懂你的想法——是你的个人隐私被出卖啦！赶快来看看是怎么一回事吧！‎ ‎1．The purpose of the passage is to________.‎ A．introduce a tiny file in a computer－a single code B．show how your individual information was let out when you surf the Internet C．show how to protect your privacy D．introduce a sophisticated software called “beacon”‎ 答案　B　[主旨大意题。本文围绕着上网时你的个人信息被别人收集并且被出售了讲述。故选B项。]‎ ‎2．All of the following statements are not true EXCEPT________.‎ A. Lotame sells the profiles about individuals to companies seeking customers with their age，gender，location，hobbies and names B．spying on Internet users is the fastestgrowing business on the World Wide Web C．some of the biggest websites in the US know they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers D．a tiny file in a computer－a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters can record the user's information 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“Lotame packages that data into profiles about individuals，only without their names, and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers.”可知A错误。根据第五段“spying on Internet users is one of the fastestgrowing businesses on the World Wide Web.”可知B错误。根据倒数第二段“some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on ‎ visitors’computers.”可知C错误。根据第二段可知D正确。]‎ ‎3．It can be inferred that________.‎ A．because the data is used harmlessly，Internet users ‎ around the world will not face threats B．when a person surfs the Internet，his personal details may be let out without his knowledge C．your computer can really read your mind D．MSN.com and Yahoo.com.use a software to capture what people are typing on a website 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段以及下文可知，当一个人上网时，他的信息有可能在自己不知道的情况下被别人所泄露或出售。]‎ ‎4．According to the passage，“beacon”________．‎ A．is a tiny text file put on your PC by websites B．is a software that can package that data into profiles about individuals C．can assess the Internet user's location，income，shopping interests and even medical conditions D．is not more complex than the “cookie”‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第六段“beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location, income, shopping ‎ ‎ interests and even medical conditions.”可知选C。根据第六段“The“cookie”—a tiny text file put on your PC by websites”可知A错误。根据第四段“Lotame packages that data into profiles(个人资料)about individuals”可知B错误。根据第六段“there are new and more complex tools such as“beacons”可知D错误。]‎ ‎5．What's the writer's attitude to this problem?‎ A．Neutral.　　　　　　 B．Worried.‎ C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.‎ 答案　B　[观点态度题。根据文章倒数第三段“Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented threats.Private，sensitive，personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.”可知，作者指出互联网用户面临着空前的威胁。所以，可以推断作者对这个问题非常的担心。故选B。]‎ Ⅲ.任务型读写 ‎ Have you ever started sneezing when eating peanuts，getting rash(皮疹)on your skin or feeling your heart starting to beat faster？Statistics show that around 12 million Americans suffer from food allergy，with 6.9 million allergic to seafood and 3.3 million allergic to peanuts or tree nuts.‎ ‎ Food allergic symptoms occur immediately after having an ‎ allergen food.The food is treated as harmful to the body，by the immune system，which defends our organism from harmful external attacks.Here are a few guidelines about things you should know and how to put them into practice to prevent food allergies and eat healthily.‎ ‎ When buying food，read attentively the labels on the food products.All manufacturers according to the new Food Allergen and Consumer Act must clearly list all the elements of the product including the 8 food allergens even if they are present in very small amounts.Don't buy these products，even if they might be cheaper.‎ ‎ Parents should be very cautious when preparing food.The table and cooking tools used need to be clean.It is recommended to cook the food of the allergic person in the first place.‎ ‎ Food allergic persons should have a little patience.In certain people，the allergy disappears gradually.Visit your doctor at regular times to find about the progress of your allergies instead of having strict diets every day.‎ ‎ Keep a diary to note the foods that worsen your food allergies，new experiences and changes that you notice.Being tempted to have a piece of cake can be very dangerous.Your health is much more worth than it.Always think about the efforts people around you are putting to create an allergicfree environment for you.‎ ‎ Allergic persons should avoid consuming cakes that are not homemade and should always carry some snacks on them.Buying food in restaurants is risky.‎ Food Allergy ‎__20__‎ Preventions ‎·__21__‎ ‎·Getting skin rash ‎·Feeling ‎ ‎__22__heartbeat ‎·Check food labels cautiously；__23__buying allergen foods.‎ ‎·Prepare food carefully；make__24__the table and cooking tools are clean.‎ ‎·Be__25__till the allergy disappears.·See doctors __26__.‎ ‎·Keep a diary of allergen foods and the __27__they have on you.‎ ‎·Resist any temptation to eat __28__foods.‎ ‎·Carry snacks instead of __29__foods.‎ ‎　　【语篇解读】 本文说明了食物过敏的一些症状和预防方法。‎ ‎20．Symptoms　[从第二段第一句可直接知道，据下栏内容也可概括得出。]‎ ‎21．Sneezing　[从第一段第一句可直接得知。]‎ ‎22．faster　[从第一段第一句中．..feeling your heart starting to beat faster？可直接 ‎ 得知。]‎ ‎23．avoid　[由第三段．..Don't buy these products等句可概括得出。]‎ ‎24．sure　[由第四段第二句可知。]‎ ‎25．patient　[由第五段第一句．..have a little patience可变形得来。]‎ ‎26．regularly　[从第五段最后一句Visit your doctor at regular times...可知。]‎ ‎27．effect/influence　[据第六段第一句Keep a diary to note the foods that worsen ‎ ‎ your food allergies...再据空后内容可知。 ]‎ ‎28．dangerous/allergen　[从第六段第二句．..can be very dangerous可直接得出 ‎ dangerous，而此处的危险食品即过敏食品，故allergen也是答案。]‎ ‎29．buying　[由第七段第二句可知。]‎