2021届高考英语一轮语法复习专题03代词介词和冠词专练一含解析

2021届高考英语一轮语法复习专题03代词介词和冠词专练一含解析

‎2021高考英语一轮复习语法考点代词、介词和冠词专练（一）‎ 一、 基础达标测试（本题共30小题，每题1分，共30分）‎ ‎1.(2020·郑州一中三模) In recent years, stress has been regarded ____ a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. ‎ has been regarded ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：近年来，压力被认为一系列医疗问题的原因，从高血压到精神疾病。be regarded as“被认为是。。。”, 故填as.‎ ‎2.(2020·烟台一中一模) The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years. ‎ ‎【答案】for ‎【解析】考查介词。熊猫妈妈继续照看孩子超过两年，介词for加时间，表示一段，故填for.‎ ‎3.(2020·哈三中质检) By that time, the panda no longer needed (it)mother for food. ‎ ‎【答案】its.‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。观察句子结构可知，它的妈妈，用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its.‎ ‎4.（2020.绥化一中三模）A few hours earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog. ‎ ‎【答案】its ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：带着窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its.‎ ‎5.The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying ___________ (she) in the magazine in the hands.‎ ‎【答案】herself ‎【解析】考查反身代词。句意：女孩安静地坐在椅子上，把自己埋在手中的杂志里。与主句主语the girl相呼应，用反身代词herself，故填herself. 6.My father kept _________(him) word and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest.‎ ‎【答案】his ‎【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我赢得比赛后，我父亲遵守了他的诺言，带我去游览了一番。keep one's word守信；遵守诺言，固定短语，设空处应用其形容词性物主代词形式。故填his. 7.I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without __________(he) help I would never have got this far.‎ 6‎ ‎【答案】his ‎【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我要感谢史密斯先生，如果没有他的帮助，我不可能走到今天这一步。因此空格处为his，故填his. 8.They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things ________ same way.‎ ‎【答案】the ‎【解析】考查定冠词。句意：他们可能想伤害你，或者他们只是不用同样的方式看待事物。当名词前有形容词same修饰时，same前必须加定冠词the.故填the. 9.It’s unfair that he gets away _________________ cheating because he’s a famous author.‎ ‎【答案】with ‎【解析】考查介词短语。句意：因为他是著名的作家逃脱惩罚是不公平的。get away with逃脱惩罚，是固定短语。故填with.‎ ‎10.Which opinion you agree with is up ________ you.‎ ‎【答案】to ‎【解析】本题考查介词。句意：你同意哪个观点取决于你自己。up to由……决定，固定短语。结合句意，故填to. 11.Both the Summer and the Winner Olympics are held every four years ________a regular basis.‎ ‎【答案】on ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：夏季和冬季奥运会每四年举行一次。on a regular basis定期地，固定短语。结合句意，故填on. 12.The nurse feels proud that she can help here and there, and make a difference ________ people's lives.‎ ‎【答案】to ‎【解析】考查介词。短语make a difference to意思是“对……产生影响”，是固定搭配，故填to. 13.We should not judge a person ________ his appearance but people make that mistake from time to time.‎ ‎【答案】by/from ‎【解析】考查介词by/from和固定搭配。句意：我们不应该根据一个人的外貌来判断一个人，但是人们不时地会犯那个错误。judge by/from是固定短语搭配“根据……判断”，故填by/from. 14.Playing these games can lead ________ anti-social behaviour.‎ 6‎ ‎【答案】to ‎【解析】考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：玩这些游戏会导致反社会行为。lead to是固定词组，意思是导致，通向，故填to. 16.I must warn you that my patience is almost coming to______ end．‎ ‎【答案】an ‎【解析】考查冠词和固定搭配。句意：我必须警告你，我的忍耐快到头了。end以元音因素开头，应用an；come to an end“结束”是固定短语。故填an. 17.My father is ________ excellent engineer, who has a good knowledge of his field.‎ ‎【答案】an ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：我父亲是一位优秀的工程师，他对自己的领域有很好的了解。‎ excellent engineer以元音音素开头，所以前面要加不定冠词an，故填an.‎ ‎18.The little pupil seized his younger brother by _________ arm and ran across the street with him.‎ ‎【答案】the ‎【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这个小学生抓住弟弟的胳膊，和他一起跑过马路。seize sb. by the arm为固定短语，意为“抓住某人的胳膊”。故填the. 19.Completing such a heavy task in such a short time is actually ________ great challenge to us.‎ ‎【答案】a ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：在这么短的时间内完成这么重的任务对我们来说是一个巨大的挑战。challenge挑战，是可数名词的单数形式，此处意思是一个巨大的挑战，great以辅音音素开头，所以前面要加不定冠词a，故填a. 20.Scientists have many theories about how ________universe came into existence.‎ ‎【答案】the ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：关于宇宙是如何存在的，科学家们有许多理论。表示世界上独一无二的的事物用the，故填the.‎ 二、真题实战演练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）‎ ‎1.（2019.全国卷I）Modem methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.‎ ‎【答案】of/for 6‎ ‎【解析】考查固定短语。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“…的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for.‎ ‎2.（2019.全国卷I）Of ______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ ‎【答案】the ‎【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the.‎ ‎3.(2019.全国卷II )When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was ______ joke. ‎ ‎【答案】a ‎【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a.‎ ‎4.（2018.全国卷I）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.‎ ‎【答案】than　‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比, 跑步对延长寿命更有效。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than.故填than.‎ ‎5.（2018.全国卷I）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give running _____try.‎ ‎【答案】a ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处考查短语give sth a try“尝试某事”。故填a.‎ ‎6.（2018.全国卷II）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ ‎【答案】the　‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。故填the.‎ ‎7.(2017.全国卷I) Fast food is full of fat and salt; by　    (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎【答案】eating　‎ 6‎ ‎【解析】考查介词用法。by在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式。故填eating.‎ ‎8.(2017.全国卷Ⅱ) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 　  work. ‎ ‎【答案】from　‎ ‎【解析】考查介词短语。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work)”.故填from.‎ ‎9.(2016.全国卷II) Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. ‎ ‎【答案】on ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。“be focus on”是固定的短语，意为“专注于”；故填on.‎ ‎10.(2016.全国卷II) So, get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch.‎ ‎【答案】as ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。短语as…as possible”为固定的表达，意为：尽可能..的干某事；故填as.‎ 三、代词、介词和冠词专项综合训练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）‎ When I walked down Third Avenue, __1__ the whole, I used to look into the windows of__2__ an old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk __3__the closing time, I cupped my hands against the windows to get __4__ small look at the treasures inside.‎ Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for __5__ long time，but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were __6__ most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about old people, too.I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmother and given a deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave_7______(our) well，my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all __8__ people around her.She was known to be __9__ wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years.‎ Old people should be treated ____10___ fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished (失去光泽) by age, but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.‎ ‎1.【答案】on　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查介词短语。on the whole为固定短语，意为“通常,总的说来”, 故填as.‎ ‎2.【答案】an　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查冠词。本空表示泛指，设空处后old的读音以元音音素开头，故设空处用不定冠词an.‎ ‎3.【答案】after　‎ 6‎ ‎【解析】本题考查介词。句意：由于我经常在关门后散步，所以我把手缩在窗户上，看了看里面的珍宝。根据句意和语境，可以推断出是在“关门后”，故填after.‎ ‎4.【答案】a　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查冠词。get a look at为固定短语，意为“看一眼”。‎ ‎5.【答案】a　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查冠词。一些东西看上去好像很长时间没有人管了。for a long time“很长时间”。‎ ‎6.【答案】the　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查冠词。设空处后有most，且most和后面的形容词构成最高级，故设空处为the.‎ ‎7.【答案】ourselves　‎ ‎【解析】考查反身代词。句意：我和我妹妹都非常懂规矩，很尊敬别人，不管他们的年龄或肤色如何。固定短语behave oneself懂规矩，表现好，故填ourselves.‎ ‎8.【答案】the　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查冠词。设空处后的people在本句中表示特指，故设空处填the.‎ ‎9.【答案】a　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查冠词。句意：众所周知，她是一位有智慧而且善良的女人。woman在本句中表示泛指，故填a.‎ ‎10.【答案】as ‎【解析】本题考查介词。句意：老人应该受到精心的对待。固定短语be treated as表示“被当作。。。对待”，故填as.‎ 6‎