新人教英语选修10Unit 3《Fairness for all》学案-语法

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新人教英语选修10Unit 3《Fairness for all》学案-语法

Unit3Fairnessforall语法知识归纳梳理——动词时态英语有16种时态,初学者要掌握几种常用的,以便进一步学习。1、一般现在时态1)表示现存的一般状态、习惯、经常发生的事以及客观事实。常常和sometimes,often,never,everyday等副词或短语连用。比如:I’mGerman;IcomefromBerlin.Igetupatseveno’clockeverymorning.2)用来谈论时刻表和日程安排。WhendoesthenexttraintoCambridgeleave?[来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]Itleavesathalfpastfour.真题:1.Visitors_______nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequest  B.request  C.arerequesting  D.arerequested.解析:一般现在时态的被动语态。故选D。2.---Sorry,Joe,Ididn’tmeanto….---Don’tcallme“Joe”,I’mMr.Parkertoyou,and______youforgetit!A.do   B.didn’t   C.did    D.don’t解析:否定的祈使句表示“建议”,语气较强。故选D。3.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI_____thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.A.knows  B.know  C.haveknown  D.amtoknow解析:既考时态又考主谓一致。Noone是主语部分的中心词。故选A。4.—You‘redrinkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone____mebutyou.A.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw解析:表示一般(现在的)事实。故选C。5.I____Ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.playedB.willplayC.haveplayedD.play.解析:“乒乓球打得如何”是一般的事实状况。故选D。 2、一般将来时:1)表示动作在未来某一时刻发生。Will/shall和begoingto均表将来,有时可以互换。但其区别是:will/shall表示一般的将来动作、有时也含有情态动词的意思;begoingto表示“计划、打算”或“某事非发生不可”。“Ohdear!I’vespiltsomewineonmyjacket.”“Don’tworry.I’llcleanitforyou.”2)“beabouttodo”,“betodo”,“begoingtodo”这三种形式都可以表示将来时。beabouttodo表示最近的将来,意思是“马上”、“立刻”。betodo则表示某事在将来一定会发生或者命中注定会发生、已经计划好了。比如:WearetomeetMr.SmithnextWednesday.我们下周三要见史密斯先生。Youaretoanswerforallthesethings.你要对这些事负责的。WhenIwasabouttoleave,thephonerang.我正要离开时,电话响了。注意:时间状语从句和条件状语从句里的一般将来时态,要用一般现在时态表达。1.–you’veleftthelighton.  –Oh,soIhave.______andturnitoff.A.I’llgo   B.I’vegone   C.Igo   D.I’mgoing解析:你提醒我以后,我要去关灯。故选A。2.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.A. lose    B.willbelost  C.arelost  D.willlose解析:将来时态的被动语态。故选B。3.–Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?–Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_____thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinished  B.willfinish.  C.arefinishing  D.finish.解析:时间状语从句里的一般将来时态要用一般现在时态去表示。故选D。4.Let’skeeptothepointorwe______anydecisions.A.willneverreach  B.haveneverreached  C.neverreach D.neverreached解析:祈使句加or或and连接的并列句,前面的祈使句相当于条件状语从句。故选A。5.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople____toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded解析:这是条件状语从句中的将来时态用一般现在时态表达,同时考查语态。故选D。 6.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_____advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseen解析:该题中or连接两个平行的祈使句,and连接的是并列句,and之前的祈使句相当于条件状语,“在这种条件下将会。。。”,所以用一般将来时态。故选A。(参见本小节第4小题)3、一般过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时:一般过去时态表示过去发生的事实或存在的状态。与现在完成时态的区别是:一般过去时描述的动作与现在无联系;现在完成式强调动作与现在的联系或对现在的影响。现在完成时常有ever/never/yet,/already/sofar/sinceever等副词、短语作状语从句。比如:Iquicklydressedandlefttheflat.我迅速穿好衣服后就离开了公寓。Hecamein,satdownandturnedonthetelevision.他走进来、坐下来,然后打开了电视机。Ihaven’thadmybreakfastyet.我还没吃早饭呢。过去完成时态则表示“在一般过去动作之前(过去的过去)”发生的动作。比如:Shesaidshehadfinishedherhomeworkbeforesupper.她说她晚饭前就做完了家庭作业。真题:1.Allthepreparationsforthetask________andwe’rereadytostart.A.completed B.complete C.hadbeencompleted D.havebeencompleted解析:现在完成时态的被动语态,表示preparations已经完成。故选D。2.JohnandI______friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe_______eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseen   B.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseen    D.havebeen;hadseen解析:该题考查现在完成式和过去完成式的使用。故选D。3.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling解析:该题考查时态和语态。一般过去时态表示“过去的事实”。故选C。4.Myuncle_____untilhewasforty–five.A.marriedB.didn’tmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry 解析:“四十岁时结的婚”是“过去的事实”;该句是not…until…结构。故选B。5.—Howlong____atthisjob? —Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed解析:“做这份工作有多长时间了”指“过去”开始的动作延续到现在,还有可能向将来延续。要用现在完成时态表达。故选B。6.—Howaretheteamplaying?—Theyareplayingwell,butoneofthem______hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were.解析:表示过去的事实。故选A。7.—Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?—I’msorryI______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsaying  B.don’tsay  C.won’tsay  D.didn’tsay解析:表示过去的事实。故选D。8.IwonderwhyJenny_____usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten解析:writing在过去有无发生与现在有联系(因为我们正在关心着这件事);recently也是与现在完成时连用的副词。故选A。9.Withtherapidgrowthofpopulation,thecity____inalldirectionsinthepastfiveyears.A.spreadsB.hasspreadC.spreadD.hadspread解析:过去开始的状态一直延续到现在,还有可能向将来延续。故选B。10.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_______.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown解析:表达过去的事实,grow是延续性动词。故选C。11.Thesilenceofthelibrary_____onlybythesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.A.hasbeenbrokenB.breaksC.brokeD.wasbroken解析:过去时态的被动语态。故选D。12.Thenewscameasnosurpriseme.I_______forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown. A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.know解析:know发生在came之前。故选A。13.IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe_____it.A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned解析:过去事实。故选C。14.Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassayingsoI’mafraidI_______halfofit.A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed解析:同上。故选D。15.Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It_______onTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe解析:表示延续到现在的状态。故选A。16.Iarrivedlate;I______theroadtobesoicy.A.wouldn’texpectB.haven’texpected  C.hadn’texpected D.wasn’texpecting.解析:“没有想到”是arrived之前的事。故选C。17.I______whilereadingtheEnglishtextbook.Luckily,myroommatewokemeupintime!A.hadfallenasleepB.havefallenasleepC.fellasleepD.fallasleep解析:在过去“阅读”的背景下发生的一个事实。故选C。18.Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he_____usmuchimpression.[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K]A.hadn’tleftB.didn’tleaveC.doesn’tleaveD.hasn’tleft解析:与从句的谓语haslived并列。故选D。19.Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook______50million.A.havereachedB.hasreachedC.arereachingD.hadreached解析:该题既考时态又考主谓一致。Sales是主语部分的中心词,又考虑与前半句的hasset对称、一致。故选A。20.Morepatients_______inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated解析:现在完成时态的被动语态。故选D。21.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower_____increasedenormouslyeversince. A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen解析:eversince也是现在完成时态的标志。故选C。22.She______herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.A.wouldchangeB.haschangedC.changedD.waschanging解析:该题中change发生在came前。但是没有过去完成时态hadchanged供选择,故只有选C。语法规定:当不强调某一动作发生在过去某动作之前、或读者一读到就明白哪个动作发生在前,可以用一般过去时态代替过去完成时态。23.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople_____toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.A.beginB.beganC.havebegunD.hadbegun解析:时间状语从句描述的还是过去的事实。故选B。24.ItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847—1931)_____theworldleadinginventorforsixtyyears.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was解析:表示过去的状态。故选D。25.Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhe______hersomewhere.A.sawB.hasbeenC.seesD.hadseen解析:see应该发生在keptlooking之前。故选D。26.–GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?–No,I________.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite解析:在didgototheirwedding之前没有得到邀请。故选C。27.—IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.—Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe______?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left解析:问“离开”发生在过去什么时候,是一般过去的事实。故选D。28.—Thewindowisdirty.  —Iknow.It_______forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned 解析:表示从过去延续到现在的状态,有是“被动”。故选D。29.—Howareyoutoday?[来源:]—Oh,I______asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfelt.解析:谈过去的感受与现在的联系。故选D。30.I_____younottomovemydictionary;nowIcan’tfindit.A.askedB.askC.wasaskingD.hadasked解析:该句表示过去的事实。故选A。4.过去将来时:表示从过去某一时刻看那以后将要发生的动作或存在的状态。由“would+动词原形”构成。Theweatherreportsaidtherewouldbestrongwinds.辨析:强调今昔对比用usedtodo;woulddo表达过去反复发生的动作,“过去经常”。比如:Assoonasshegotupinthemorning,shewouldmakeherselfacupoftea.Charleswouldalwayssmokehispipeafterdinner.WhenIwasinAustralia,shewouldcometoseeusonweekends.Nowandthenhewouldsitunderthetreereading.真题:—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?—Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_____totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstarting解析:“我”在Tony给我电话时就完成了(hadfinished)作业,正准备要去冲凉,所以是过去将来。备选答案中只有wasstarting(过去进行时态)表示过去将来。故选D。5.现在进行时:a)表达目前正发生或存在的短暂性的动作或状态。比如:Someoneiswalkingtowardsthehouse.BobandIarehavinggolflessons.2)少数表示动态动作的动词现在进行时态,可表示将来的计划,即最近的将来要进行的事。(常见的有go,come,stay,arrive,leave,start,fly,stop,take等)比如:IamgoinguptoLondon,can’tyousee?IamtakingmymumtoholidayinFloridathissummer.3)现在进行时如与always,forever,often搭配表示讲话时强烈的感情色彩, 表示赞扬或责备的语气。比如: Tomisdoingeverythingwell.Johnisalwayschattinginclass.注意:时间状语从句和条件状语从句里的过去将来时态要用一般过去时态表达。真题:1.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange解析:技术飞速的发展是目前正存在的状态。故选A。2.Anewcinema_________here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt解析:该电影院“正在被建设”之中。故选D。[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]3.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.I________mymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetaken解析:表示“近期的计划打算”,故选A。4.—What’sthatterriblenoise?—Theneighbors________forparty.A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare解析:此对话谈论的是正在发生的事。故选B。5.Becausetheshop_____,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownhadcloseddown解析:“工厂正处于倒闭的过程中,还没有完全倒闭”,进行时态表示现存的状态。故选C。6.过去进行时:1)常用于背景叙述。表示过去一段时间内一直发生着的动作或状态。比如:Itwasraininghardandthetrafficwascreepingalongthehighstreet.2)过去进行时也可以用以描述某事发生时正在进行的动作或情景。Iwasworkinginthegardenwhentherewasastampede.当发生畜群惊跑时,我正在园里劳动。HewasworkingasateacherwhenhefirstmetJuliaMarsh.真题:1.ThereportersaidthattheUFO_____easttowestwhenhesawit. A.wastraveling.B.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel.解析:过去thereporter看着的时候正发生的事。故选A。2.—Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.—WherewasI?—You______youdidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying解析:此对话问“你刚才说的”,所以要用过去进行时态。故选C。3.—YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.—Oh,I______forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited解析:过去droppedin发生的时候,wait正发生或存在着。故选A。[来源:]4.—HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?—Ihavenoidea.He______itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone解析:在过去一段时间内一直发生或存在的动作或状态用过去进行时态表示。故选C。7.将来进行时其构成是:will/shall+be+现在分词(动词的-ing形式)1)用以预测一种会在未来某一段时间里出现的延续性动作或情景。比如:ThistimenextweekI’llbelyingonaMiamibeach.NexttimeyouseemeIwon’tbewearingglasses.请注意将来进行时的疑问形式和否定形式:Whatwillyoubewearing?Willyoubewearingtrousers?Won’tyoubewearingaskirt?Iwon’tbewearingjeans.2)将来进行时常用以表示在将来某事发生时,另一动作正在进行过程之中。Ifyouneedme,I’llbewaitingbythetelephone.Whenyouseemeagain,I’llbelivinginmynewflat.真题:Atthistimetomorrow______overtheAtlantic.A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly 解析:明天的此刻是将来时间,在将来某一时刻或某一动作发生的时候,另一动作或状态正发生或存在着,用将来进行时态。故选B。注意:高考中还会考查:现在完成进行时态、过去完成进行时态、将来完成时态等。请看:真题:8.将来完成时态ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics____by2006.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted解析:在将来某时或某动作发生的时刻,另一动作已完成,用将来完成时态表示。故选C。9.现在完成进行时态Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider解析:她一直在考虑,“从过去一直延续到现在”,强调“一直不间断”。故选B。10.过去完成进行时态Thecrazyfans_____patientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait解析:动作wait在arrived实现之前一直存在着,所以要用过去完成进行时态。故选B。
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