2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit3SectionⅢGrammar—动词_ing形式作表语

2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit3SectionⅢGrammar—动词_ing形式作表语

Section_ⅢGrammar— 动词ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing ...‎ ‎②Such training was common in acting families at this time ...‎ ‎③He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.‎ ‎④...his subtle acting made everything entertaining.‎ ‎⑤He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.‎ ‎⑥How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining?‎ ‎⑦The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)动词ing形式作表语的句子为⑦。‎ ‎(2)动词ing形式作定语的句子为②③⑤。‎ ‎(3)动词ing形式作补语的句子为①④⑥。‎ ‎(4)比较句②和句③，可以看出单个现在分词作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词后面。‎ 一、动词ing形式作表语 作表语的动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。‎ ‎1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing ...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。‎ The argument is very convincing.‎ 这个论点很令人信服。‎ He remained standing beside the table.‎ 他依然站在桌旁。‎ ‎[名师点津]　不定式和动词ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。‎ ‎2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。‎ Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.‎ ‎＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.‎ 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。‎ ‎[即时演练1]‎ ‎(1)试判断下列句中动词ing形式的类型：‎ A．动名词 　B．现在分词 ‎①My hobby is collecting stamps.__A__‎ ‎②What you said is really inspiring.__B__‎ ‎③What I am tired of is waiting here alone.__A__‎ ‎(2)对比翻译 ‎①他的工作是粉刷墙。‎ His_job_is_painting_walls.‎ ‎②他的工作是粉刷这面墙。‎ His_job_is_to_paint_the_wall.‎ 二、动词ing形式作定语 动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。‎ ‎1．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。‎ No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.‎ 阅览室里不准大声说话。‎ ‎2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。‎ The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.‎ ‎＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.‎ 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。‎ ‎[名师点津]　现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。‎ You should adapt to the changing situation.‎ 你应该适应不断变化的形势。‎ The ground is covered with fallen leaves.‎ 地上满是落叶。‎ I’m looking for a room to live in.‎ 我正在找房子住。‎ ‎[即时演练2]‎ ‎(1)一句多译 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。‎ ‎→The_man_speaking_to_the_teacher_is_our_monitor’s_father.‎ ‎→The_man_who_is_speaking_to_the_teacher_is_our_monitor’s_father.‎ ‎(2)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①Our school went on an organized (organize) trip last week.‎ ‎②I can’t go with you, for I have a lot of work to_do (do)．‎ ‎③(山东高考改编)There’s a note pinned to the door saying (say) when the shop will open again. ‎ 三、动词ing形式作宾语补足语 动词ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。‎ ‎1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)＋sb.＋doing sth.(作宾补)。‎ I felt somebody standing behind me.‎ 我感觉有人站在我后面。‎ I saw the little boy crying there.‎ 我看到小男孩在那儿哭。‎ ‎2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, let, keep, get, leave等)＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.(作宾补)。‎ We kept the fire burning all night long.‎ 我们让火整夜燃烧着。‎ I won’t have you running about in the room.‎ 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。‎ ‎[名师点津]　使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。‎ Be careful, or you’ll have your hands hurt.‎ 当心，否则会弄伤手的。‎ ‎3．用于with复合结构中。‎ I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.‎ 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。‎ With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.‎ 这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　‎ ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①(全国卷Ⅱ改编)They use computers to keep the traffic running (run) smoothly.‎ ‎②(辽宁高考改编)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them. ‎ ‎③He had the walls painted (paint) this morning.‎ ‎④Tom’s mother made him paint (paint) the house.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎①I suddenly felt myself being_hit by a heavy fist.‎ 我突然感到自己被重重地打了一拳。‎ ‎②I found a beggar standing at the door.‎ 我发现一个乞丐站在门口。‎ ‎③We shouldn’t keep our lights burning in the day.‎ 我们白天不应该开着灯。‎ ‎④With all_fans_singing_together,_he felt so proud.‎ 所有的粉丝一起歌唱，他感到如此的骄傲。‎ ‎⑤He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.‎ 他明天想去检查眼睛。‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The villagers saw the fire burning brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses burned to the ground already.(burn)‎ ‎2．When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women arguing (argue)．‎ ‎3．By far, there are many problems remaining (remain) to be solved.‎ ‎4．The woman looking (look) at her map is a relative of my mother.‎ ‎5．Give me the blue raincoat, please, the one hanging (hang) behind the door.‎ ‎6．On the bank of the river, we found him lying (lie) on a bench, with his eyes fixed (fix) on a kite in the sky.‎ ‎7．He had his leg broken (break) while riding a bike.‎ ‎8．A beggar in rags stood there with his eyes staring (stare) at the steak on the plate.‎ ‎9．The stadium being_built (build) at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.‎ ‎10．I made him repeat (repeat) his promise.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．I saw a stranger sliding_into the manager’s office.‎ 我看见一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。‎ ‎2．He said he had an important problem to_solve.‎ 他说他有个重要问题要解决。‎ ‎3．The boys gathering_at_the_school_gate are my classmates.‎ 聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。‎ ‎4．The stadium being_designed now will be the biggest one in our city.‎ 正在被设计的体育馆将是我们城市最大的一个。‎ ‎5．The boy studying_in_the_classroom is our monitor.‎ 在教室里学习的男孩是我们的班长。‎ ‎6．One of his weaknesses is telling_lies.‎ 他的缺点之一就是说谎。‎ ‎7．My parents leave_me_to_choose my own friends.‎ 我父母让我自己选择自己的朋友。‎ ‎8．Don’t have_the_students_studying all day.‎ 不要让学生整天学习。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 This month, I will travel to Changsha and Zhangjiajie with my two friends, __1__ is supposed to be a sevenday trip. We will set out __2__ 10th, June. Now, we have prepared many things, snacks and medicines __3__ (include). Firstly, we will go to Changsha by plane. The tickets are cheap, so it’s a good choice __4__ (save) time. We will stay there for two days. The main goal __5__ (stay) there is to enjoy the delicious food in Changsha. My friend has prepared a map of musttries and I believe they must be good. Then we will go to Zhangjiajie by train. It’s not so far from Changsha, __6__ (take) about five hours __7__ (get) there. Zhangjiajie is famous for its __8__ (wonder) mountains. The scenery there is so __9__ (amaze) that no one shouldn’t miss it. But we will have a tough journey for climbing high mountains, which is not easy for us all. This is why we will stay there for __10__ (long). In the end, we will go home by train. This is my plan for the journey. I am sure it will be a wonderful and fruitful journey.‎ 答案：1.which　2.on　3.included　4.to save　5.staying ‎6．taking　7.to get　8.wonderful　9.amazing　10.longer