2020版高考英语总复习Unit5Thepowerofnature教学案 人教版选修6

2020版高考英语总复习Unit5Thepowerofnature教学案 人教版选修6

Unit 5　The power of nature Step 1　课前准备——单元考点　自查自测 ‎1.词汇分层级识记过关　2.语境活用填写过关　3.经典句式背诵仿写过关　4.类词巧积累事半功倍 ‎(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用 ‎(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用 22‎ ‎(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵 Step 2　课堂探究——核心考点　点点突破 ‎1.重点难点考点学通练透　2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野　3.方法规律技巧权威点拨　4.面面俱到打创高效课堂 第一时段　Warming up & Reading ‎1．equipment n. [U]设备；装备 ‎[教材原句]　...sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored.‎ 22‎ ‎……有时(工作中)要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士，我从来不感到(工作)无聊。‎ ‎(1)equip v. 配备；装备 equip... with...＝be equipped with 用……装备……‎ equip sb. for... 使某人为……而有准备/有能力 equip sb. to do sth. 让某人具备做某事的能力 ‎(2)be well/badly equipped 设备精良的/较差的 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary ________(equip) with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.‎ ‎②The boys equipped themselves ________ food and water and then set off.‎ ‎③We must equip young teachers ________(deal) with difficult children.‎ ‎[答案]　①equipment　②with　③to deal ‎[易错提醒]　equipment通常用作不可数名词；“一件设备”应表达为“a piece of equipment”。‎ ‎2．appoint vt.约定；指定(时间、地点等)；任命；委派 ‎[教材原句]　I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.‎ 作为一名火山学家，二十年前我被派到夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。‎ ‎(1)appoint sb. as/to be... 任命某人为……‎ appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事 ‎(2)appointed adj. 约定的 ‎(3)appointment n. 任命；约定 make an appointment with sb. 与某人做约定 keep/break an appointment 守/违(爽)约 单句语法填空 ‎①I was appointed ______________(take) charge of arranging all the activities on that day.‎ ‎②I regret to tell you that I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the ____________(appoint) time.‎ ‎③We made an ____________(appoint) that we could go there together again.‎ ‎④____________(appoint) as monitor of the class, Li Ming helped the headteacher to take charge of the whole class.‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　①to take　②appointed　③appointment　④Appointed ‎3．suit n. 一套外衣；套装　vt. 适合；使适宜 ‎[教材原句]　We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.‎ 我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，带上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了双大靴子。‎ ‎(1)suit...to...　　　　使……适合……‎ suit one's needs 适合需要 be suited to/for 适合于 ‎(2)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的 be suitable for 适合于 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 单句语法填空 ‎①Firstly，because my spoken English is fluent，I think I am suitable ____________ this job.‎ ‎②There are also varieties developed ____________(suit) specific local conditions.‎ ‎③A good teacher suits his lessons ________ the age of his pupils.‎ ‎④The restaurant is ________(suit) for a family gettogether.‎ ‎[答案]　①for　②to suit　③to　④suitable ‎[思维发散]　suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；而fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。‎ ‎4．make one's way前往 ‎[教材原句]　It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.‎ 穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中心地区。‎ fight one's way 奋力前进 lose one's way 迷路 feel one's way 摸索前进 push one's way 挤出来 wind one's way 蜿蜒前进 完成句子 ‎①So long as you work hard，you can ________ in life.‎ 只要你努力工作，你的人生就会成功。‎ 22‎ ‎②She ________________ back to health so quickly after the accident that she was soon back at school.‎ 车祸之后，她很快恢复健康回学校上课了。‎ ‎③I looked up and noticed a snake ________________ up the tree to catch its breakfast.‎ 我向上看，注意到一条蛇沿着树蜿蜒前进，为了捕捉自己的早餐。‎ ‎[答案]　①make your way　②fought her way ‎③winding its way ‎5．独立主格结构 ‎[教材原句]　The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.‎ 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。‎ ‎(1)句中this being my first experience为独立主格结构，作原因状语。‎ 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。‎ ‎①________________， students can find a parttime job to decrease the burden of their family.‎ 如果时间允许的话，学生们能找到兼职工作来减少家庭压力。‎ ‎(2)常见独立主格结构形式 A：名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式 ‎②Much time ____________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ 办公室人员由于花费大量的时间坐在桌旁，一般都会受到健康问题的困扰。‎ ‎③Nobody ____________ us tomorrow, we can't finish our task ahead of time.‎ 明天没有人来帮忙，我们不可能提前完成任务。‎ B：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语 ‎④He left the office, _________________.‎ 他眼里含着泪水离开了办公室。‎ ‎⑤________________________， the meeting had to be called off.‎ 那么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。‎ ‎⑥________________________， they all went home.‎ 会议结束了，他们都回家了。‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　①Time permitting　②spent　③to help　④tears in eyes　⑤So many people absent　⑥The meeting over ‎　　I often travel to unusual places and work alongside interesting people 1.____________ all over the world. Using scientific 2.____________(equipment) and collecting information about volcanoes is my job. Although my job is 3.____________(occasion) dangerous, I don't mind 4.____________ danger excites me and makes me feel alive. As is known, when lava from the volcano flows, many houses will 5.____________(cover) with lava or be burnt 6.____________the ground. However, my job helps scientists predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast, 7.____________can help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth. I once experienced the 8.____________(erupt) of MountKilauea and was lucky to have a close look at the 9.____________(absolute) fantastic sight. When it broke out, red lava was fountained hundreds of meters into the air. All the lava passing slowly down the mountain caused great damage and buried everything in 10.____________(it) path under the molten rock.‎ ‎[答案]　1.from　2.equipment　3.occasionally　4.because　5.be covered　6.to　7.which　8.eruption　9.absolutely　10.its 第二时段　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎1．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的 ‎[教材原句]　I was so anxious and couldn't move at first.‎ 起初我很焦虑，不敢动弹。‎ ‎(1)be anxious for/about　　　　为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事 be anxious that...(should)do sth.希望……‎ ‎(2)anxiety n．　　　　　　　忧虑；担心；渴望 with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地 单句语法填空 ‎①The drought had lasted several months，which made farmers anxious ____________ the harvest.‎ ‎②I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious ____________(get) help from you.‎ ‎③I heard you suffered from ________(anxious) when you took an exam recently.‎ ‎④Instead of blaming me, he asked me ________(anxious) what was going on.‎ 22‎ 句型转换 ‎⑤We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.‎ ‎→We waited ____________ for the news of her safe arrival.‎ ‎[答案]　①for/about　②to get　③anxiety　④anxiously ‎⑤with anxiety ‎2．panic n. 惊慌；恐慌　vi. &vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌 ‎[教材原句]　I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.‎ 我非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。‎ ‎(1)in panic 惊慌失措地 get into a panic 陷入恐慌 ‎(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事 panic over/about/at 因……而恐慌 单句语法填空 ‎①The protests became more violent and many landowners ________________(panic) into leaving the country.‎ ‎②Not only do online rumors cause people ________ panic, but they disturb public order.‎ ‎③Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got ________ a panic.‎ ‎④The crowd panicked ________ the sound of the gun.‎ ‎[答案]　①were panicked　②in　③into　④at/over/about ‎[易错提醒]　panic的过去式及过去分词为panicked, panicked；现在分词是panicking。‎ ‎3．guarantee vt. 保证；担保　n. 保证；担保；保修单 ‎[教材原句]　If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don't forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.‎ 如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，别忘了许下一个愿望，以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎(1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 guarantee sb. sth.＝guarantee sth. to sb.‎ 向某人保证某事 ‎(2)give sb. a guarantee that...‎ 22‎ 向……保证/承诺……‎ under guarantee 在保修期内 ‎(3)be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会/必定会做某事 单句语法填空 ‎①I guarantee ____________(pay) off his debts.‎ ‎②Can you give me a guarantee ____________ the work will be finished on time?‎ ‎③The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still ________ guarantee.‎ ‎④Going out with friends ________(guarantee) to cheer you up, especially when you are in low spirits.‎ ‎⑤This dictionary is an improvement and expansion from all existing dictionaries, ________(guarantee) to be the best.‎ ‎⑥The new leader promised senior citizens that the reforms would not cut their ________(guarantee) benefits.‎ ‎[答案]　①to pay　②that　③under　④is guaranteed　⑤guaranteed　⑥guaranteed ‎4．glance through匆匆看一遍 ‎[经典例句]　He just glanced through the headlines because he was too busy to read the whole newspaper.‎ 他只是匆匆浏览了标题，因为他太忙了不能够读完整份报纸。‎ go through 通过；经受；仔细检查 get through 通过；做完；接通电话；熬过 look through 快速查看；浏览 see through 看穿；识破 完成句子 ‎①I have ________________ all my papers but I still can't find my notes.‎ 我翻遍了所有的文件，可还是找不到我的笔记。‎ ‎②(2014·湖北卷)I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can't seem to ____________.‎ 我整晚都在给查尔斯打电话，但一定是网络出了问题，我似乎接不通。‎ ‎③The police ____________ the three suitcases but didn't find anything valuable.‎ 警察仔细检查了三个行李箱，却没有发现任何有价值的东西。‎ ‎[答案]　①looked through　②get through　③went through ‎5．vary from... to... 由……到……不等 22‎ ‎[教材原句]　The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.‎ 这里地面的高度从海拔‎700米到2000多米不等，是多种稀有动植物的生长地。‎ ‎(1)vary in... 在……(大小、形状等)上不同 vary with 随……变化；改变 ‎(2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的 ‎(3)variety n. 种种；多样化 a variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的 单句语法填空 ‎①There are ________ variety of animals and plants in the world. They vary ________ shape and size and exist in many parts of the world. But for ________(vary) reasons, some of them are dying out.‎ ‎②The air pressure varies ________ the height, and the water pressure varies ________ the depth.‎ ‎③Every solid object will reflect a sound, ________(vary) according to the size and nature of the object.‎ ‎④Office hours vary ________ company to company and country to country.‎ ‎[答案]　①a; in; various　②with; with　③varing ‎④from ‎6．“Is is/was＋过去分词”句式 ‎[教材原句]　It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.‎ 据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。‎ ‎(1)It is said that...意为“据说……”，相当于“People say that...”；it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。‎ ‎①____________ everybody has the same bad habit: the more we like someone, the more we will tease him or her.‎ 据说，每个人都有一个同样的坏毛病：越是喜欢谁，就越爱欺负谁。‎ ‎(2)该结构还可以转换成“Sb. is said to do...”结构。不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。‎ ‎②The new mayor ____________________ into power next month.‎ 据说新市长下个月将上任。‎ ‎(3)其他类似结构：‎ It is thought that...大家认为……‎ 22‎ It is believed that...人们相信……‎ It is hoped that...人们希望……‎ It is reported that...据报道……‎ It is wellknown that...众所周知……‎ It is generally considered that...大家认为……‎ It is supposed that...据推测……‎ ‎③________________ advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.‎ 众所周知，广告是最有效的促销方法。‎ ‎④________________ the terrible disease will soon be controlled.‎ 人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。‎ ‎[答案]　①It is said that　②is said to come　③It is wellknown that　④It is hoped that ‎　　Changbaishan is at JilinProvince, it keeping at its natural state for visitors to enjoy. The height of the land varies 700 meters above sea level to over 2,000 meters. It is home for many plants and animals. Many people come here to study the unique plants and animals while others come to see the spectacular waterfalls. But, the most popular attraction in the reserve are Tianchi, or the Lake of Heaven. If you are luck enough to visit it with your loving one, don't forget to make a wish guarantee your love will be as deeply and lasting as the lake itself.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ Changbaishan is JilinProvince, it keeping its natural state for visitors to enjoy. The height of the land varies 700 meters above sea level to over 2,000 meters. It is home many plants and animals. Many people come here to study the unique plants and animals while others come to see the spectacular waterfalls. ， the most popular attraction in the reserve Tianchi, or the Lake of Heaven. If you are enough to visit it with your one, don't forget to make a wish guarantee your love will be as and lasting as the lake itself.‎ 22‎ Step 3　课后演练——知识能力　链接高考 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wander among a ________(vary) of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.‎ ‎[答案]　variety ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I would like to invite you to join, since you are good at table tennis, and you are the most ________(suit) person.‎ ‎[答案]　suitable ‎3．(2016·浙江卷)Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do. However, a plan can bear no fruit without being ________(actual) carried out.‎ ‎[答案]　actually ‎4．Children normally feel a lot of ________(anxious) about their first day at school.‎ ‎[答案]　anxiety ‎5．The news that certain brands of milk are poisonous ____________ (panic) the public.‎ ‎[答案]　panicked ‎6．The murder was ____________ (shoot) in the leg by the policeman，lying on the ground.‎ ‎[答案]　shot ‎7．To find a good job，I need to continue my education，____________ (equip) myself with rich knowledge.‎ ‎[答案]　equipping ‎8．It is widely acknowledged that students should ____________ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.‎ ‎[答案]　be evaluated ‎9．Children rarely show any ________(appreciate) for what their parents do for them.‎ ‎[答案]　appreciation ‎10．It's ________(absolute) impossible to work with all this noise.‎ ‎[答案]　absolutely Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The mother was standing at the gate，anxiously to see her son.______________‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　anxiously→anxious ‎2．They have been appointed a new head teacher at the school already.______________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉been ‎3．With all the houses being burnt to the ground，they had no place to live in.______________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉being ‎4．To students，you'd better choose the activities which interest you and suit for you.______________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉for ‎5．Hearing the rumor，people were panicked of buying salt.______________‎ ‎[答案]　of→into ‎6．After admiring the beautiful view，she made his way to the next destination.______________‎ ‎[答案]　his→her ‎7．As far as I know，it is absolute impossible to finish it in five days.______________‎ ‎[答案]　absolute→absolutely ‎8．(2018·北京卷改编)Generally speaking, if taking according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.____________‎ ‎[答案]　taking→taken ‎9．Her feelings varied from joy and fear as she watched him fight.____________‎ ‎[答案]　and→to Ⅲ.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子 ‎1．西安是个有很丰富世界著名文化遗迹的城市，有些遗迹可追溯到几千年以前。(date back to)‎ Xi'an is a city with abundant world－famous cultural relics，some of them ____________________ thousands of years ago.‎ ‎[答案]　dating back to ‎2．我正要放弃，这时父亲前来鼓励我继续下去。(be about to do... when...)‎ I ______________________ my father came and encouraged me to keep going.‎ ‎[答案]　was about to give up when ‎3．此外，著名的中国饮食能保证你有绝妙的机会品尝美味的中餐。(guarantee)‎ 22‎ In addition, the outstanding Chinese cooking ______________ tasting delicious Chinese food.‎ ‎[答案]　can guarantee you a wonderful chance of ‎4．我们班的每个人都有机会被任命为任期一周的班长。(appoint)‎ Everyone in my class has the chance ____________ for one week.‎ ‎[答案]　to be appointed monitor ‎5．据认为今天世界上有三千多种语言。(it作形式主语的主语从句)‎ ‎________________ there are more than 3,000 languages in the world today.‎ ‎[答案]　It is thought that ‎6．这是因为我们最终认识到它实际上是一种非常环保的生活方式。(because引导的表语从句)‎ ‎________________________ it is actually a very ecofriendly way to live.‎ ‎[答案]　This is because we finally realized that 高考题型分组训练 阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Check out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.‎ ‎•The Japanese word for tsunami means harbor wave.‎ ‎•Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal (受潮汐影响的) waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.‎ ‎•Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.‎ ‎•As a tsunami approaches the shore(海岸), water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow(浅的) enough the water may be pulled back hundreds of metres. If you are in the area, you can know that a tsunami is on the way when you see this 22‎ ‎ phenomenon.‎ ‎•Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time as possible to move to a safe place.‎ ‎•When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast) they slow down but increase in height.‎ ‎•An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 12 countries.‎ ‎•In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.‎ ‎•The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres in some areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，简要介绍了有关海啸的一些基本常识。‎ ‎1．How many causes of tsunamis are mentioned in the text?‎ A．One. B．Two.‎ C．Three. D．Four.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由第四段可知，海啸通常是由地震或火山爆发引起的。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎2．In the Tohoku earthquake over 15,000 people died mainly because of ________.‎ A．the earthquake itself B．the lack of warning systems C．the tsunami caused by the earthquake D．the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“...a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.”可知，在2011年日本大地震中，海啸是造成超过15000人死亡的主要原因。故C项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎3．The text is developed mainly by ________.‎ A．listing some facts B．giving some examples C．providing some numbers D．making some comparisons ‎[解析]　写作手法题。本文主要列举了一些关于海啸的基本常识和事实。故A项正确。‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　A B ‎(2018·厦门高三检测)A study by the British government has discovered the mental well－being of the country's teenage girls has worsened.‎ The survey, which included 30,000 14yearold students in 2005 and 2014, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in 2005. British boys' stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period, from 17 percent to 15 percent. The report's authors pointed out the “appearance of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increasing stress among teenage British girls.‎ ‎“The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical, cognitive and emotional development，” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to become competent adults. In the past, they would engage with parents, teachers and other adults in their community as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.”‎ Throughout adolescence, girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and self－control. Since teenage brains have not completely developed, teens don't have the cognitive awareness and impulse control to keep from posting inappropriate content. Furthermore, this content can easily be circulated far and wide with disastrous implications.‎ ‎“Social media can also feed into girls' insecurities about their appearance，” Ramsden said.“These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person. However, these images and the messages tied to them creep into social standards.”‎ ‎“Social media allows girls to make comparisons among friends as well as celebrities and then provides them with ‘solutions’ such as extreme dieting tips and workouts to reach their goals，” Ramsden said. “Concerns about body image can negatively impact their quality of life preventing them from having healthy relationships and taking up time that could be better spent developing other aspects of their personalities.” ‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。英国政府一项研究发现，英国女生的心理健康变得越来越糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的出现是英国女生心理压力加大的主要因素。‎ 22‎ ‎4．How does the survey tell us the negative impact of social media?‎ A．By making experiments.‎ B．By raising a question.‎ C．By making comparisons.‎ D．By analyzing causes and effects.‎ ‎[解析]　写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二段分析了社交媒体对女生的影响造成的结果：女生的心理压力比男生大，心理越来越不健康；第三到六段详细说明了社交媒体对女生造成影响的表现、缘由。据此可知，本文是通过分析影响的起因和影响的结果来告诉我们社交媒体对女生产生的负面影响。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎5．What is Ramsden's attitude toward the images with fine body shape?‎ A．Supportive. B．Indifferent.‎ C．Critical. D．Concerned.‎ ‎[解析]　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Ramsden对关注身材是持批评态度的。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎6．According to the last paragraph, it is necessary for teenagers ________.‎ A．to get rid of the bad effects of social media B．to follow the celebrities' example C．to be concerned about their body image D．to make comparisons among friends ‎[解析]　推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，该段主要阐述了社交媒体对青少年尤其是女生造成的负面影响，包括在朋友之间形成攀比心理、把时间浪费在过度关注身材上等；据此可以判断，青少年应当消除社交媒体的负面影响。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎7．What does this text mainly tell us?‎ A．The wellbeing of teenagers in Britain.‎ B．The social media's negative effect on teenagers.‎ C．The development of teenagers in Britain.‎ D．How to interact with teenagers in Britain.‎ ‎[解析]　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了社交媒体对英国青少年尤其是女生的负面影响，包括在朋友中形成攀比心理、过度关注身材而忽视其他能力的发展，形成心理压力等，B项最能概括文意。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B 22‎ C ‎(2018·中央民族大学附属中学月考)“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.‎ ‎45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.‎ ‎“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.”‎ The change was big in coldblooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.‎ Warm－blooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller，compared with historical records.‎ This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.‎ The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。‎ ‎8．The best title for the passage is________.‎ A．Why Do Some Species Become Smaller?‎ B．Species Become Smaller with the Climate Getting Warmer 22‎ C．How Does Temperature Change in Earth's History?‎ D．Climate Change Has Many Negative Effects ‎[解析]　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段内容可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故B项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎9．Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe________.‎ A．all the animals on the earth have become smaller B．too many studies on animals' size have been done C．how climate change affects animals' size has not been found clearly D．people can avoid the negative effects of climate change ‎[解析]　细节理解题。第三段研究人员提到“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved，or why some organisms are getting smaller”可知，研究者们还未发现气候变化到底是如何影响动物个体大小的。故C项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎10．The passage implies________.‎ A．birds have suffered more from climate change than fish B．ants，bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade C．a warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before D．climate change has even a negative impact on plankton ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故D项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎11．The author's attitude to climate change in the passage is________.‎ A．indifferent B．optimistic C．worried D．confident ‎[解析]　观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，未来气候变化带来的负面影响会越来越多，作者对此有些担忧。‎ ‎[答案]　C D ‎(2018·安徽六安第一中学月考)George Aldrich, whose official title is chemical specialist，works at NASA's White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico. He uses his 22‎ ‎ nose to protect astronauts from unpleasant or harmful odors(气味). His near fourdecade career has involved smelling objects from technical handbooks to astronauts' personal things.‎ It's crucial that all items taken aboard the International Space Station(ISS) are odorless. Since astronauts are allowed to bring personal items aboard，all their objects must be smellchecked before leaving Earth. In a video provided by Science Channel, Aldrich relates one specific occasion when an astronaut wanted to build a ship in a bottle in space. Everything in the shipbuilding process had to be sniffed—right down to the glue.‎ Aldrich and his team are responsible for making sure that objects are not only odorless but also harmless to astronauts. When the ISS heats up，a process called offgassing occurs，which means chemicals flow out from certain substances(物质). Objects that would be safe on Earth could give off unpleasant odors or become dangerous when exposed to high temperatures in the ISS's unique environment.‎ Of course, humans aren't the only testers or the first to be exposed to potentially dangerous objects. Before Aldrich sticks his nose into a substance，it has been examined by machines. Even though machines can detect unsafe substances, computers cannot tell exactly how things smell to humans. While something could be technically fine，it could be smelly to an astronaut.‎ Aldrich's nose is not alone there. He is the head of a hardsniffing team of smell testers. Together they smell each object and rate it on a scale(等级) of 1 to 4. According to NASA,1 cannot be detected，and 4 is considered not bearable. After the scientists conclude their tests，the scores are averaged. If an item is rated more than 2.4 on the scale，it fails the test and is not allowed on the flight.‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了一位化学专家George Aldrich在美国宇航局新墨西哥白沙实验研究所工作，由于国际空间站上的所有物品都要求是无气味的，所以他用他的鼻子来保护宇航员免受不良或有害气味的伤害。‎ ‎12．Which can describe the smell check from Paragraph 2?‎ A．Quite dangerous. B．Extremely strict.‎ C．Rather boring. D．Very complex.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，宇航员离开地球前所携带的东西必须经过嗅觉检查，空间站的物品也必须是无味的，由此可推知嗅觉检查是非常严格的。故选B。‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎13．What is a threat to astronauts' safety at the ISS?‎ A．Negative emotions.‎ B．Odorrelated disease.‎ C．The offgassing process.‎ D．Changes in temperature.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，当国际空间站温度升高，一种叫排气的过程发生了，化学成分会从某些物质中散发出来，在地球上安全的物体在国际空间站独特的高温环境下会发出难闻的气味或变得危险，这些对宇航员是一种威胁。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎14．What should be done before Aldrich and his team start their work?‎ A．Using machines to test objects.‎ B．Having a meeting to make the scale.‎ C．Using computers to examine their noses.‎ D．Listing potentially dangerous substances.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Of course, ‎ humans aren't the only testers or the first to be exposed to potentially dangerous objects. Before Aldrich sticks his nose into a substance, it has been examined by machines.”可知，人类并不是唯一有可能接触到潜在危险物体的测试者，Aldrich在用鼻子闻之前已经用机器测试了物体。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎15．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．An unusual smell tester.‎ B．Astronauts' life at the ISS.‎ C．Strong odors in a spaceship.‎ D．The smell of personal items.‎ ‎[解析]　主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文讲述了一位化学专家George Aldrich用他的鼻子来保护宇航员免受不良或有害气味的伤害。这是一个非同寻常的气味测试仪。结合选项，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A Ⅱ.七选五阅读填空 Nowadays we are too busy to make art or make creative works. Here are some simple tips to help you solve the problem.‎ ‎1．Read before you fall asleep 22‎ This is a classic subconscious(潜意识的)employing trick, used a lot when you really need to study and remember materials. __1__ Studies show that your brain remembers more and thinks subconsciously about the information you want to process just before going into REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. __2__‎ ‎2．Take notes whenever ideas come Take notes no matter what time of day(or night). Keep a notepad and pen beside your bed, and always carry one in your handbag or pocket. __3__ Sometimes they're not important or playful, but sometimes they can be tiny seeds of gold.‎ ‎3. Make conversations about your artwork a priority Think about how much time you spend talking out loud about your artwork. __4__ There's a learning curve(曲线) that comes out of forcing yourself to communicate. Set up a list of artists to contact regarding your work.‎ ‎4．Don't neglect thinking time ‎__5__ Many artworks are made after they have been inside your own head for months or even years. Whether you're at work, walking pets, or doing the dishes, using this moment to think hard about your artwork can pay off greatly.‎ A．You might even dream about what you have read.‎ B．Try some of these ideas out and see what works for you.‎ C．When you're not making artwork, make time to simply think.‎ D．Don't hesitate to take notes in public or anywhere the inspiration strikes.‎ E．Inspiration has become more important than ever for business leaders or artists.‎ F．It helps to regularly make every effort to talk about what you've been working on.‎ G．If you want to think more about your artwork, read about it just before you fall asleep.‎ 语篇解读：如今我们变得越来越忙以至于没有时间进行艺术创作或者进行思维创新。本文提出了几条建议来解决这一问题。‎ ‎1．[解析]　本节小标题是：睡前阅读。另外根据承上启下的原则，第1空选G：若要深入思考艺术创作，那么就在睡前进行阅读吧。下一句讲：研究表明，人类大脑在进入快速眼球运动睡眠(Rapid Eye Movement sleep)之前，对所要处理的信息消化吸收得最快。第2空选A：你在睡前所读的内容甚至可能出现在梦境中。‎ ‎[答案]　G 22‎ ‎2．[解析]　参见上题解析。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎3．[解析]　D项中的“take notes in public”和标题“Take notes whenever ideas come”呼应。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎4．[解析]　F项中的“talk about what you've been working on”和前一句中的“talking out loud about your artwork”呼应。‎ ‎[答案]　F ‎5．[解析]　C项中的“make time to simply think”和标题“Don't neglect thinking time”呼应。‎ ‎[答案]　C 22‎