2021届高考英语一轮语法复习专题01名词专练一含解析

2021届高考英语一轮语法复习专题01名词专练一含解析

‎2021高考英语一轮复习语法考点名词专练（一）‎ 一、基础达标测试（本题共30小题，每题1分，共30分）‎ ‎1.We would much appreciate ________ (guide) from an expert in this field.‎ ‎【答案】guidance ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：我们非常感谢该领域专家的指导。根据句意可知，空处需用名词作appreciate的宾语；guide的名词形式是guidance。故填guidance.‎ ‎2.They often give ______ (perform) in pubs at weekends.‎ ‎【答案】​performances ‎【解析】​考查名词复数。句意：他们经常在周末去酒吧表演。performance，名词，表演。give是及物动词，后面加名词或者代词。根据They often可知，用复数，故填performances.‎ ‎3.Tom was doing his homework and the boys who were playing outside his house added _______ (anxious) to him .‎ ‎【答案】anxiety ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：汤姆正在做家庭作业，在他家外面玩的孩子们给他增添了焦虑。anxiety焦虑；令人焦虑的事，anxiety作“令人着急、焦虑的事”解，是可数名词，引申可表示为某事焦虑，常译成“渴望，热望，焦虑”，是不可数名词。故填anxiety. 4.We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.‎ ‎【答案】expectation ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：我们都期待着他下周能通过驾照考试。本空要使用名词做宾语，名词expectation“期盼”是可数名词，根据an可知，使用单数形式，故填expectation.‎ ‎5.We had no ______ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country.‎ ‎【答案】hesitation ‎【解析】考查名词和固定搭配。句意：当可怕的地震袭击这个国家时，我们毫不犹豫地帮助灾民。have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事，固定搭配。故填hesitation.‎ ‎6.The ________ (arrive) of the plane has been delayed due to the fog.‎ ‎【答案】arrival ‎【解析】考查名词。此处用名词作主语，arrival名词，到达。故填arrival.‎ ‎7.In many ways my___________ (disable) has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.‎ 8‎ ‎【答案】disability ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：在许多方面，我的残疾帮助我在心理上变得更强大，变得更独立。形容词性物主代词后跟名词形式，disable的名词形式是disability，根据has可知，此处使用其单数形式，故填disability. 8.Compared to the advantages of the Internet, those of the television alone will not be enough to ensure its _____________(survive), and many people think the latter will be replaced.‎ ‎【答案】survival ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：与互联网的优势相比，光靠电视的优势不足以保证其生存，很多人认为后者将被取代。its是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，survive是动词，其名词是survival，意为：幸存，生存。故填survival.‎ ‎9.You'd better take into account your own ________ (strong) and weaknesses before choosing a major.‎ ‎【答案】strengths ‎【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在选择专业之前，你最好考虑一下你自己的优点和缺点。your是形容词性物主代词，后面要接名词；strength力量，优势，可数名词，根据后面的and weaknesses可知，此处应用相应的名词复数形式。故填strengths.‎ ‎10.The little boy was curious about everything around him, and his parents always satisfied his ________ (curious).‎ ‎【答案】​curiosity ‎【解析】句意：这个小男孩对他周围的一切事物都很好奇，他的父母总是满足他的好奇心。his为形容词性物主代词，后面需接名词，curiosity好奇心，不可数名词。故填curiosity.‎ ‎11.I like discovering the________(different) between different cultures.‎ ‎【答案】difference ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：我喜欢发现不同文化之间的差异。根据the可知，此处用名词做宾语，difference差异，故填difference.‎ ‎12.The headmaster didn’t seem to be aware that there should have been so much _____ (disagree) about the decision.‎ ‎【答案】disagreement ‎【解析】考查不可数名词。much修饰不可数名词，disagree不同意，反对，动词原形。disagreement不同意，反对，不可数名词。故填disagreement. ‎ 8‎ ‎13.Sorry, I can't read the ______ (express) on her face.‎ ‎【答案】​ expression ‎【解析】考查名词。结合句意”对不起，我无法理解她脸上的表情。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作宾语；express的名词是expression“表情”，此处表示特指她脸上的表情需用单数。故填expression.‎ ‎14.Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great ________ (achieve).‎ ‎【答案】achievement ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：如此迅速地达成这项协议是一项了不起的成就。great了不起的，形容词，后需接名词；achieve的名词是achievement，成就，可数名词，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词用单数形式。故填achievement. 15.The villagers here all respect him for his ____________ (devote)to the health care.‎ ‎【答案】devotion ‎【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意：这里的村民都尊敬他对医疗保健的献身精神。devotion译为奉献，忠诚，是不可数名词；his后应接名词形式，故填devotion.‎ ‎16.They were not in the least worried about the ______ (possible) that sweets could rot the teeth.‎ ‎【答案】possibility ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：他们一点也不担心糖果有可能会腐蚀牙齿。由空前的the可知，设空处应用提示词的名词形式，作were worried about的宾语。possibility“可能性，可能发生的事物”，故填possibility. 17.The girl kept working hard and gained ________ (admit) to the world-famous university.‎ ‎【答案】admission ‎【解析】句意：这个女孩继续努力学习，考上了那所世界著名的大学。由后文the world-famous university可知，此处应是“上大学”，admission to允许进入，固定短语。结合句意，故填admission. 18.Anyhow they didn’t trust me, so they didn’t deserve a(an) ______________ (explain).‎ ‎【答案】explanation ‎【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意：不管怎样他们都不信任我，所以他们不值得解释。 a(an)后加名词单数形式，故填explanation.‎ ‎19.I explained that each person has different ideas of what ___________(free) is.‎ ‎【答案】​freedom 8‎ ‎【解析】句意：我解释说，每个人对自由有不同的理解。free形容词，自由的，其名词形式是freedom（自由）。结合句意可知，本空应该是名词形式。故填freedom.‎ ‎20.The village where he was born has changed beyond(介词/超出) __________(recognize).‎ ‎【答案】recognition ‎【解析】考查不可数名词。beyond是介词，后接名词作宾语，recognize认出，是动词，其名词形式是recognition，beyond recognition无法辨认，故填recognition.‎ ‎21.There has been no __________ (respond) to his remarks from the government.‎ ‎【答案】response ‎【解析】句意：政府没有对他的言论作出回应。have no response to...对……没有回应，固定短语，故填response.‎ ‎22.Variations of this programme can be arranged to suit your          (require).‎ ‎【答案】requirements ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：这个节目的变化可以根据你的要求安排。requirement“要求，需要”，可数名词；由空前的your可知，设空处应用提示词的名词形式。此处应用其复数形式表示一类事物。故填requirements.‎ ‎23.Different persons have different _________( believe).‎ ‎【答案】beliefs ‎【解析】考查可数名词的复数形式。different后跟名词，believe的名词是belief，意为“信仰，信念”，由different可知，belief应该用复数，即beliefs。故填beliefs.‎ ‎24.My parents are in a huge ________ (argue), and I am really upset about it.‎ ‎【答案】argument ‎【解析】考查名词单数。形容词修饰名词，根据前面的不定冠词a可知，此处用名词单数，argument争论。故填argument. 25. We have our furniture moved to the new house when the ________ (decorate) of the house is finished.‎ ‎【答案】decoration ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：房子装修完毕后，我们把家具搬到新房子里去了。定冠词the后要使用其名词形式，decoration装饰，装修，不可数名词。结合句意，故填decoration. 26.Not only food and clothing but also medical ____________(treat) has been provided for the people who need it in the flooded areas.‎ 8‎ ‎【答案】treatment ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：不仅为受灾地区的人们提供了食物和衣服，而且还为他们提供了医疗服务。结合句意和空格前的形容词medical可知，此处应是treat的名词形式treatment，故填treatment.‎ ‎27.I regard ________ (creative) both as a gift and as a skill.‎ ‎【答案】creativity ‎【解析】句意：我认为创造力既是一种天赋，也是一种技能。regard sth. as...把某事物看作……，regard后接名词，creativity创造性，为不可数名词，故填creativity.‎ ‎28.He lost the ________ (elect) by one vote.‎ ‎【答案】election ‎【解析】句意：他因一票之差落选了。分析句子可知，空格处做lost的宾语，且前面有定冠词，所以，要用名词。elect的名词election“选举”。故填election.‎ ‎29.Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadium are common, and it seems that every few __________(year) there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles.‎ ‎【答案】years ‎【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：如今，在体育场举行音乐会是很常见的，似乎每隔几年就会有一个新的 男孩乐队试图重现披头士的魔力。year年，名词；every few修饰可数名词复数，故填years。‎ ‎30.Visitors were struck by the natural scenery here, which was beautiful beyond______. (describe)‎ ‎【答案】description ‎【解析】考查名词及固定短语。句意：游客们被这里的自然风光所吸引，那是无法形容的美丽。‎ beyond description是固定短语，意为”无法形容“，故填description.‎ 二、真题实战演练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）‎ ‎1.（2019全国卷III）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______________(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.‎ ‎【答案】competition ‎【解析】考查词性转换。句意：当他们下班后，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，他们告诉我们一个有趣的比赛可以观看，以及背后的故事。由空格前的interesting形容词，修饰名词。故填competition.‎ ‎2.（2018高考全国卷I）A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all        (cause).‎ ‎【答案】causes 8‎ ‎【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：每天跑步只需5到10分钟，就能降低患心脏病的风险和因各种原因导致的的早期死亡。cause是一个可数名词，表示“原因”，由空格前的all可知，此处应该用复数形式，故填causes.‎ ‎3.(2018·高考浙江卷)Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. ‎ ‎【答案】dishes ‎ ‎【解析】考查词性转换。根据修饰词Chinese可知用可数名词的复数dishes，表示"中国菜"。‎ ‎4.(2018·高考全国III卷)I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.‎ ‎【答案】scientist　‎ ‎【解析】考查词性转换。句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。设空处作表语,说明主语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist.‎ ‎5.(2017·高考北京卷)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ ‎【答案】pollution ‎【解析】考查词性的变化。句意：这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更安全了。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式，故填pollution.‎ ‎6.(2017·高考全国卷I)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side　     (effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎【答案】effects　‎ ‎【解析】考查名词复数。这种趋势有些非计划的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side effect表示“副作用”,为可数名词,根据such as overweight and heart disease可知,副作用有多种,故填复数形式effects.‎ ‎7.(2017·高考全国II卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 　    (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. ‎ ‎【答案】crowds ‎【解析】考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容词terrible修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd作“人群”解时,为可数名词,故需用复数形式crowds.‎ 8. ‎(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia's biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top (attract)．‎ ‎【答案】attraction 8‎ ‎【解析】考查词性转换。句意：但是，像我这样的游客，熊猫是头等的有吸引力的事物。该空作are的表语，用名词，所以填attraction.‎ ‎9.(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of (achieve)．‎ ‎【答案】achievement ‎【解析】考查名词。此处的“a real sense of”意为：一种真正的…；通常用作定语来修饰名词；而此处achieve的名词形式。故填achievement.‎ ‎(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.‎ ‎【答案】development ‎【解析】考查词性的变化。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development.‎ 三、名词专项综合训练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）‎ Everyone desires to succeed.However,there is no shortcut to _______1____(succeed). We have to make good______2_____(prepare) and keep on trying before we finally achieve our ____3______(goal).Take Steve Jobs as an example.He dropped out of university in his _____4_____(twenty)，but he always attended many_____5___(class) and grabbed every chance to study.When he designed the _____6_______(product) of iPod and iPhone，he made great _______7____(effort) to realize his ideas.He suffered one_____8___(fail)after another before he eventually succeeded.‎ Just as the _____9_______(say) goes， “Rome was not built in a day.” If you want to succeed，you have to keep on trying your____10_______( idea) and never give up.‎ ‎1.【答案】success ‎【解析】考查词性的变化。句意：成功没有捷径。句式There is no short cut to中，to是介词，故填success.‎ ‎2.【答案】preparations ‎【解析】考查词性的变化。句意：我们需要做好充分准备。考查短语make good preparations做好充分准备。故填preparations.‎ ‎3.【答案】goals ‎【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：我们必须做好充分准备，并继续努力，然后我们最终实现我们的目标。可数名词goal的复数是规则变化，故填goals.‎ ‎4.【答案】twenties 8‎ ‎【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：他在二十几岁的时候辍学。短语in one’s twenties在某人二十几岁的时候，故填twenties.‎ ‎5.【答案】classes ‎【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：但他总是参加各种课程，抓住每一个学习的机会。class是以字母s结尾，在词尾加es,故填classes.‎ ‎6.【答案】products ‎【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。根据语境产品不止一种，故填products.‎ ‎7.【答案】efforts ‎【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：他为实现他的想法作出了很大努力。短语make an effort或者make great efforts付出努力，故填efforts.‎ ‎8.【答案】failure ‎【解析】考查词性变化。句意：他在成功之前，遭受了一次又一次的失败。动词suffer后面需要接名词作宾语，故填failure.‎ ‎9.【答案】saying ‎【解析】考查词性变化。句意：俗话说，罗马建成非一日之功。saying是名词，“谚语，俗语”，故填saying.‎ ‎10.【答案】ideas ‎【解析】考查可数名词复数变化。句意：如果你想成功，你必须继续尝试你的想法，永远不要放弃。Idea复数是规则变化，故填ideas.‎ 8‎