【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 ‎"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：‎ 一、It用作实词 表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象…… ‎ ‎ 二、It用作形式主语 ‎ 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 ‎ ‎ It 作形式主语的常见句型： ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 ‎ ‎ (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. ‎ ‎ 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous… ‎ ‎ 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. ‎ ‎ (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. ‎ ‎ 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. ‎ ‎ 例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem. ‎ ‎ (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 ‎ ‎ It's no good/use doing… ‎ ‎ It's (well)worth doing… ‎ ‎ It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do… ‎ ‎ It's (well)worth while doing/ to do ‎ ‎ 例 It's no use crying over spilt milk. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 ‎ ‎ (1) It is + noun +从句 ‎ ‎ 例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. ‎ ‎ (2) It is adj. +clause ‎ ‎ It's surprising that… (should)………竟然…… ‎ ‎ It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…… ‎ ‎ 例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) ‎ ‎ (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause ‎ ‎ It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze ‎ /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that… ‎ ‎ 例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) ‎ ‎ (4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do ‎ ‎ (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) ‎ ‎ 例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) ‎ ‎ (5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do ‎ ‎ (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） ‎ ‎ 例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) ‎ ‎ (6) It is v-ed that … (should)… ‎ ‎ (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend ‎ ‎ 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3、It作主语的句型 ‎ ‎ 1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事 ‎ ‎ 例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.) ‎ ‎ 2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…（不）像某人做某事的风格 ‎ ‎ 例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us. ‎ ‎ 3. It's (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了 ‎ ‎ 例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action. ‎ ‎ 4. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了 ‎ ‎ 例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test. ‎ ‎ 5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了 ‎ ‎ 例 It's 10 years that he lived here ‎ ‎ 6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了 ‎ ‎ 例 It was not long before they arrived. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4、It 作形式宾语 ‎ ‎ 用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 ‎ ‎ It 作形式宾语的常见句型： ‎ ‎ 1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) ‎ ‎ 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own. ‎ ‎ 2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) ‎ ‎ 例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret. ‎ ‎ 3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)… ‎ ‎ verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)… ‎ ‎ (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) ‎ ‎ 例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference. ‎ ‎ 4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view) ‎ ‎ 例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. ‎ ‎ 5. v. +it + prep. + that… ‎ ‎ owe it to sb. that…把…归功于… ‎ ‎ leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做 ‎ ‎ take it for granted that …想当然 ‎ ‎ keep it in mind that… ‎ ‎ 例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. ‎ ‎ 6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后 ‎ ‎ 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't. ‎ ‎ 7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外） ‎ ‎ 例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice. ‎ ‎5、强调句型 ‎ ‎ It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。 ‎ ‎ 在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点： ‎ ‎ 1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 ‎ ‎ 例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？ ‎ ‎ 2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句 ‎ ‎ 例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday. ‎ ‎ 3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上 ‎ ‎ 例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. ‎ ‎ 4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别 ‎ ‎ 例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型) ‎ ‎ It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句) ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6、It 常用的固定搭配 ‎ ‎ 1. make it ‎ ‎ (1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 ‎ ‎ 例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business. ‎ ‎ (2).在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间” ‎ ‎ 例 —Shall we meet next week? ‎ ‎ —OK. We just make it next Saturday. ‎ ‎ 2. as it is ‎ ‎ (1).相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是……” ‎ ‎ 例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week. ‎ ‎ (2).相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样” ‎ ‎ 例 Leave the table as it is. ‎ ‎ 3. as it were 相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说” ‎ ‎ 例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes. ‎ ‎ 4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……，要不是……” ‎ ‎ 例 If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today. ‎ ‎ 5. that's it ‎ ‎ (1). 相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了” ‎ ‎ 例 You can have one more sweet, and that's it. ‎ ‎ (2). 相当于 That's right.表示“对啦” ‎ ‎ 例 — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A” ‎ ‎ —That's it. ‎ ‎ 6. catch it 在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚” ‎ ‎ 例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again. ‎ ‎ 7. have it ‎ ‎ (1).相当于say, insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说” ‎ ‎ 例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced. ‎ ‎ (2).相当于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，获悉” ‎ ‎ 例 I had it from John that she was going abroad. ‎ ‎ 8. have what it takes在口语中，相当于be well qualified for, ‎ 表示“具有成功的条件” ‎ ‎ 例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star. ‎ ‎ 9. so it seems / appears. ‎ ‎ 10. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相当于go on,表示“继续做，不放弃” ‎ ‎ 例 My teacher asked me to keep at it. ‎ ‎ 11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞 ‎ ‎ 12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.) ‎ ‎ 13. Now you'll catch it! (You'll be punished.) ‎ ‎ 14. As it happened, … 在口语中，相当于it's a pity that…, 表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾” ‎ ‎ 例 As it happened, they were out. ‎ ‎ 15. As it turned out,…在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被证明是” ‎ ‎ 例 As it turned out, his statement was false. ‎ ‎ 16. Such as it is(they are) 在口语中，相当于although it may not be worth much, 表示“虽然没有多大价值” ‎ ‎ 例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is. ‎ ‎ 17. Take it/things easy. 相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气” ‎ ‎ 例 Take it easy! He will do it well. ‎ ‎ 18. Take it from me.在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保” ‎ ‎ 例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time. ‎ ‎ 19. For what it is worth…在口语中，相当于although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其价值如何” ‎ ‎ 例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth. ‎ ‎ 20. Worth it 在口语中，相当于useful, 表示“有好处，值得做” ‎ ‎ 例 Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it. ‎ ‎ 21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你” ‎ ‎ 例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday. ‎ ‎ 22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃 ‎ ‎ 例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it. ‎ ‎ 23. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn't been decided yet, 表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来” ‎ ‎ 例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday? ‎ ‎ —It/That all depends. ‎ ‎ 24. It's up to sb. 在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……” ‎ ‎ 例 —Shall we go out for dinner? ‎ ‎ —It's up to you.‎