2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero单元学案（35页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero单元学案（35页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5Nelson Mandela- a modern hero单元学案 话题阅读 Do you know something about Nelson Mandela's life in prison？Please read the following passage to get the answer.‎ Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18,1918. He was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and qualified in law in 1942. He joined the African National Congress in 1944.‎ In June 1961, the ANC considered his proposal on the use of violent actions and agreed that those members who wished to involve themselves in Mandela's campaign would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC. Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment with hard labour. In 1963, Mandela was brought to stand trial for plotting to overthrow (颠覆) the government by violence. On June 12, 1964, Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment. From 1964 to 1982, he was kept at Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town.‎ During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela's reputation grew steadily (稳定地). He was widely accepted as the most important black leader in South Africa. Nelson Mandela was released (释放) on February 18,1990. After his release, he devoted himself to his life's work, trying to achieve the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC Mandela was elected President of the ANC.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Section_Ⅰ Warming_Up_&_Reading_—_Prereading ( ) ‎ ‎ Prereading ‎ Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．mean　　 A．法律的；依照法律的 ‎2．selfish B．投票；选举 ‎3．lawyer C．暴力；暴行 ‎4．legal D．联盟；同盟 ‎5．fee E．律师 ‎6．league F．学费；会费；酬金 ‎7．violence G．不公正的；不公平的 ‎8．vote H．乐意的；自愿的 ‎9．willing I．自私的 ‎10．unfair J．吝啬的；卑鄙的 答案：1～5　JIEAF　6～10　DCBHG ‎ Background Introduction & Leadin A famous person may not be a great person, but a great person must be a famous person.‎ ‎1．What do you think of a great person?‎ A great person is someone who devotes_his/her_life_to_helping_others./A great person is someone who helps others selflessly or makes great contributions to social development progress. /A great person is someone who we love and respect and honor.‎ ‎2．What do you know about Nelson Mandela?‎ He devotes his life to helping his people get the same rights as white people in his country./He is a national leader who has been fighting for making black and white people equal./He is a national hero in South Africa./Nelson Mandela is regarded as one of the greatest spiritual and political leaders of our time.‎ ‎ ‎ Whilereading ‎ Fastreading ‎1．Look at the title and the picture of the passage, and then skim the passage to find out the main idea of it.‎ It_is_mainly_about_the_story_of_the_poor_black_worker_Elias_who_got_help_from_Nelson_Mandela.‎ ‎2．Fill in the blanks according to the passage.‎ Part 1：‎ Paragraphs 1－2　A．The life of Elias before he met Nelson_Mandela Part 2：‎ Paragraphs 3－5　B．The_change_of_Elias'_life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did ‎ Carefulreading ‎(Ⅰ)Read the text again and choose the best answer according to the text.‎ ‎1．When was Elias born?‎ A．In 1942.　　　　　　　 B．In 1940.‎ C．In 1964. D．In 1920.‎ ‎2．Which of the following statements is NOT the writer's purpose of writing the passage?‎ A．To tell us how great Nelson Mandela was.‎ B．To let us know why they had to fight for human rights with violence.‎ C．To tell us an interesting story.‎ D．To let us know the living situation of the blacks in South Africa at that time.‎ ‎3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.‎ A．Nelson Mandela helped Elias to keep his job B．Elias was happy to blow up the government buildings C．Elias met Nelson Mandela at school D．the government was happy with Nelson Mandela and the ANC ‎4.Why did Elias help Mandela blow up some government buildings?‎ A．Because he liked violence.‎ B．Because it was not dangerous.‎ C．Because he thought it was a way to make black people and white people equal.‎ D．Because he wanted to be famous.‎ ‎5．What disadvantages did Elias have in finding a job? ‎ A．He helped Nelson Mandela blow up the government buildings.‎ B．He had poor education. ‎ C．He was very young. ‎ D．He didn't want to live in Johannesburg.‎ 答案：1～5　BCACB ‎(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully and fill in the chart with information in the text.‎ Black people's 1.problems They couldn't get the jobs they wanted.‎ ‎ They had to live in the 2.poorest part of South Africa.‎ Elias' life Before meeting Mandela A poor 3.black worker in South Africa.‎ ‎ He didn't have a 4.passbook to live in Johannesburg, so he would probably become 5.out_of work.‎ ‎ Aftermeeting Mandela Mandela told him 6.how_to get the correct papers so that he could 7.stay in Johannesburg.‎ ‎ He 8.joined the ANC Youth League.‎ ‎ He helped Mandela 9.blow_up_some government 10.buildings.‎ ‎ Studyreading Analyze the following sentences in the text that may be difficult to understand.‎ ‎1．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　第一次见到纳尔逊•曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。‎ ‎2．However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。‎ ‎3．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　糟糕的是我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心会失业。‎ ‎4．... we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。‎ ‎ ‎ Postreading Fill in the blanks according to the passage.‎ Elias was a poor black worker in South Africa while Nelson Mandela was the black lawyer, who offered guidance to poor black people on their  legal problems. When Elias was in a very difficultperiod of his life, he went to Nelson Mandela for advice. Elias had very little education because his family couldn't afford the school fees and the bus fare, he had studied for only two years in school. Then he managed to get a job in a gold mine.But without a passbook to live in Johannesburg he was afraid to become out of work.Nelson Mandela offered him help and that was one of Elias' happiest days. When Mandela organized the ANC Youth League, Elias joined it as soon as possible. In the last thirty years, black people had lost all theirrights.They chose to attack the laws □10peacefully.If this was not allowed, they decided to answer violence with □11violence.In fact, Elias didn't like violence, but in 1963, in order to □12achieve their dream of making black and white people □13equal，he helped to blow up some government buildings.‎ Section_Ⅱ Warming_Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points ‎ 学前自检——识记会写是前提 项目一必记单词 Ⅰ.基础单词(根据首字母和汉语提示写出单词)‎ ‎1．Russia won the bid for the 2018 World Cup because they got most votes (投票)．‎ ‎2．He can't stand the unfair (不公平) treatment.‎ ‎3．I'd like to thank my friend, who's been very generous (慷慨的) with his time.‎ ‎4．This business company was founded (建立) in 1724.‎ ‎5．He examined the quality (质量) of the books carefully.‎ ‎6．He's too mean (吝啬的) to buy us a meal.‎ ‎7．Einstein's theories form the basic principles (原理) of modern physics.‎ ‎8．There are different stages (阶段) of a child's development.‎ ‎9．I'd like to buy your house if you are willing to sell it.‎ ‎10．The enemy planes attacked the city, causing many deaths.‎ Ⅱ.拓展单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词)‎ ‎11．active adj.积极的；活跃的→activity n．活动 ‎12．self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地 ‎13．devote vt. 献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；投入 ‎14．peace n．和平→peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.平静地；和平地 ‎15．hope v．希望→hopeful adj.怀有希望的；希望的 ‎16．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的 ‎17．equality n．平等；相等→equal adj.相等的；平等的→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地 ‎18．guide v．指导；带领→guidance n．指导；领导 项目二必会短语 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出短语 ‎1．out_of_work　　　　　 失业 ‎2．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上 ‎3．blow_up 使充气；爆炸 ‎4．in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎5．devote_...to_... 献身；专心于 ‎6．turn_to 求助于；致力于 Ⅱ.选用以上短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)‎ ‎1．With more and more factories closed down, many people have been out_of_work.‎ ‎2．As_a_matter_of_fact,_I did not know him at all.‎ ‎3．Can you lend me a pump to blow_up my bicycle tires?‎ ‎4．I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turn_to my parents.‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ quality n．　质量；品质；性质 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Any kind of development will be nothing if the quality of food, water and air is not good.‎ 如果食物、水和空气的质量不好，再提什么样的发展都没有用！——2013两会代表精彩语录 be of high/good/poor quality　　　　 高质量/劣质 in quality 在质量上 ‎②These are leather goods of high quality.‎ 这些是高质量的皮革制品。‎ ‎③There is no difference in_quality between these goods.‎ 在质量方面，这些货物不会有区别。‎ 名师点津：quantity与quality形近意异，其意为“数量”。‎ ‎ ‎ devote vt.献身；专心于(与介词to连用)‎ ‎[记法]‎ 联想记忆：devote之所以表示献身，因为其原意为“表决；立誓”。‎ ‎[熟]vote投票；表决；立誓→[生]devote ‎[用法]‎ ‎①He devoted himself entirely to education.‎ 他将一生奉献给了教育事业。‎ ‎②Qian Xuesen has been devoted to China's aerospace all his life.‎ 钱学森将其一生奉献给了中国的航空航天事业。‎ ‎③He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.‎ 他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。‎ ‎④Encouraged by his success, he began to devote more time to his writing.‎ 成功鼓励着他开始把更多的时间投入到写作中。‎ ‎(1)devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于……；致力于……‎ ‎(2)be_devoted_to (doing) sth. 专心于；致力于；奉献于……；忠爱……‎ ‎(3)devote one's life/time to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生/时间奉献于……‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ The woman is devoted to music, which makes her devote herself to it.‎ 这位女士热爱音乐并倾其一生去热爱它。‎ ‎ ‎ vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决 ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)vt.& vi.投票；选举 ‎①We voted to decide whether the meeting was to be held on Sunday.‎ 我们投票决定周日是否开会。‎ ‎②We have voted him (to be) our monitor.‎ 我们已经选他当班长。‎ ‎③Finally, we voted on the plan.‎ 最终，我们投票表决此计划。‎ ‎④Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn't seem to matter very much.‎ 你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不重要。‎ ‎(1)vote to_do sth.　　　　　 投票做某事 ‎(2)vote sb. (to_be) ... 选某人当…… ‎ ‎(3)vote on ... 就……投票 ‎(4)vote for/against 投票支持/反对……‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2)n.投票；选票；表决 ‎⑤As we can't agree on this matter, let's have a vote on it.‎ 对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，投票表决吧。‎ ‎[文化链接]‎ 美国人为什么不像一些国家，大选投票在星期天举行？因为美国是个多民族国家，很多人都不习惯在周末工作，大选也不例外。美国人把总统选举日定在了11月的第一个星期一后的第一个星期二，听起来有点拗口，可人家就是这么规定的！那么，为什么不选择星期一呢？这是因为1845年确定这个日子的时候，美国还是一个农业国，当天有人很难赶到投票点，又不能让人星期天就启程，于是就给大家预留了一天的“赶路时间”。‎ ‎ ‎ attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击n.攻击；进攻；病情发作(可数名词)‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)vt.进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害 ‎①The man attacked him with a knife.‎ 那个男人持刀向他行凶。‎ ‎②He was attacked with disease; this was why he was absent.‎ 他患病了，这就是他没来的原因。‎ ‎(2)n.袭击；攻击 ‎③The newspapers made an attack on/upon the Prime Minister because of the new law.‎ 由于这项新法令的颁布，各报纸纷纷对首相进行抨击。‎ ‎④The city came under attack during the night.‎ 城市在夜间遭到袭击。‎ ‎(1)attack_sb._with_sth.　　　 用某物攻击某人 ‎(2)be_attacked_with 受到……的侵袭；患病 ‎(3)make_an_attack_on/upon 对……发起进攻；攻击……‎ ‎(4)under_attack 遭到攻击 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的vt.比得上；敌得过n.平等的人 ‎[记法]　图片记忆：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的 ‎①He is quite equal to his position. ‎ 他完全胜任他的职位。‎ ‎②They believe that in the sight of God the rich are equal with the poor.‎ 他们认为在上帝眼里穷人和富人是平等的。‎ ‎(2)vt.比得上；敌得过 ‎③No one can equal her in dancing.‎ 论跳舞，没有人能比得上她。‎ ‎(3)n.平等的人 ‎④He is a player without (an) equal.‎ 他是个无与伦比的运动员。‎ ‎(1)be_equal_to　　　　 与……相等；胜任；能应付 ‎(2)be_equal_with 与……平等 ‎(3)equal_sb._in_... 在……方面比得上某人 ‎(4)without_(an)_equal 无人可比(的) ‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ She is equal to the work because no one can equal her in doing that.‎ 她很胜任这个工作，因为在这方面没人能比得上她。‎ ‎ ‎ out of work　失业 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Work hard, or you will be out of work/a job.‎ 好好干，不然你会失业的。 ‎ ‎②If he goes on like this he will lose his work/job.‎ 如果他继续这样下去，他会丢掉工作的。‎ ‎(1)out_of_work/a_job　　 失业(表示状态)‎ ‎(2)lose_one's_work/job 失去工作；失业 (表示动作)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ I lost my work last week and he has been out of work for two months.‎ 上周我失业了，而他已经失业两个月了。‎ ‎[联想]‎ 请补全下列“out of ＋n.”表示状态的短语。‎ ‎①out of breath　　　　　 上气不接下气 ‎ ‎②out of danger 脱离危险 ‎ ‎③out of date 过时 ‎ ‎④out of control 失控 ‎ ‎⑤out of order 出故障 ‎ ‎ in trouble　在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①If you are ever in trouble, don't try to be brave, just run, just run away.‎ 你若遇上麻烦，不要逞强，你就跑，远远跑开。‎ ‎——《阿甘正传》‎ ‎②Don't hesitate to ask for help when in trouble.‎ 有麻烦时，不要犹豫，请要求帮助。‎ ‎③He just laughed and said something about my being in trouble.‎ 他只是笑笑并且说一些有关我处于困境时的事情。‎ get into trouble　　　　　　 陷入困境；惹麻烦 get sb. into/out of trouble 使某人陷入或摆脱困境 have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth. 做某事有困难 ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃 take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事 ‎④Don't lose heart whenever you get_into_trouble.‎ 无论什么时候陷入困境，都不要灰心。‎ ‎⑤Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently.‎ 每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。‎ ‎ ‎ turn to　求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于 ‎[用法]‎ 写出下列各句中turn to的含义 ‎①He was the one I always turned to for strength. 求助于 ‎②If you turn to page 40, you will find it. 翻到 ‎③More and more people turn to computer science. 从事于 ‎④Their talk turned to the change that had happened. 转向 ‎⑤She often turns to the book for guidance. 查阅 turn around/round　　　　　 转身 turn down 关小；拒绝 turn in 上交 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn up 出现，露面；调大 ‎⑥When the water starts boiling it is foolish to turn off the heat.‎ 水刚煮沸就关火，这很愚蠢。‎ ‎——曼德拉 ‎⑦They offered her the job but she turned_it_down.‎ 他们给了她那份工作，但她拒绝了。‎ ‎⑧The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn't turned up yet.‎ 会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。‎ 名师点津：巧记turn＋prep./adv.短语：‎ turn短语真是多，‎ round 转身in上交，‎ off关掉on打开，‎ 关小拒绝都是down，‎ up出现就调大。‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 ‎[单一考点演练]‎ ‎1．The governor was________by the press for failing to keep a campaign promise.‎ A．defeated 　　　　　　　　　　 B．beaten C．fought D．attacked 解析：选D　句意：市长因未遵守竞选时的诺言而受到了新闻界攻击。attack“攻击；进攻”，符合题意。defeat“击败；战胜”； beat“打败”；fight “打仗；搏斗”。‎ ‎2．All men must enjoy ________ rights and chances in everything.‎ A．same B．aggressive C．equal D．dangerous 解析：选C　句意：在任何事情上，人人都要享有平等的权利和机会。equal“平等的”，符合题意。same“同样的；相同的”；aggressive“挑衅的；好斗的”；dangerous“危险的”。‎ ‎3．________ is the first thing to consider when customers buy certain goods.‎ A．Quantity B．Quality C．Value D．Reward 解析：选B　句意：顾客买某些东西时考虑的第一个因素是质量。quality “质量”，符合句意。quantity “数量”；value “价值”；reward “报酬”。‎ ‎4．Can you tell me when he was ________ and what he is doing at present?‎ A．out of order B．out of work C．out of question D．out of season 解析：选B　句意：你能告诉我他什么时候失业的和他目前在干什么吗？out of ‎ work“失业”，符合题意。out of order“次序颠倒；不整齐”，一般指事物；out of question“没问题”；out of season“过时；不合时令”。‎ ‎[多维考点演练]‎ ‎1．devote用法“点点练”‎ ‎(1)根据汉语提示，用devote的相关词语完成小片段 怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，献身于她的事业。她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。‎ Mrs. White, a ①devoted friend of mine, ②devoted_herself_to/was_devoted_to her career and her ③devotion to children made us vote for her.‎ ‎(2)Although the working mother is very busy, she still ________ a lot of time to her children.‎ A．devotes B．spends C．offers D．provides 解析：选A　句意：尽管母亲工作很忙，但她仍然花许多时间在孩子身上。devote time/energy to “把时间、精力用于”，符合题意。spend“花费”；offer“主动提供”；provide“提供”。‎ ‎2．vote用法“多棱镜”‎ ‎(1)介词填空 ‎①People voted against Henry, who often told lies.‎ ‎②Vote for the man you can trust. ‎ ‎③They will vote on policy issues.‎ ‎(2)If you have valid reasons for believing that he would not qualify, it is your right to ________ him.‎ A．vote against B．stand by C．get down D．get over 解析：选A　句意：如果你有确凿的理由相信他会不称职，你有权利投反对票。vote against “投票反对”；stand by “袖手旁观”；get down “使沮丧，下车”；get over “克服，恢复”。 ‎ ‎3．turn短语“全扫描”‎ 用turn的相关短语填空 ‎①I turned_to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others. ‎ ‎②Please turn the radio down. I'm trying to sleep.‎ ‎③I don't turn_off the tap (水龙头), and there is water all over the floor.‎ ‎④I feel cold and I'd like to turn the heat up a little.‎ ‎4．trouble用法“个个清”‎ ‎(1)介、副词填空 ‎①You'd better not ask for trouble at this time.‎ ‎②My teacher's son is always getting into trouble.‎ ‎③I have great trouble with my English. Will you help me out of trouble? ‎ ‎④Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 You can't imagine the_trouble/difficulty_I_had_persuading_him to change his mind.(trouble)‎ 你无法想象我说服他改变主意有多么困难。‎ 对应学生用书P90‎ ‎ 佳句背诵——背出语感是关键 背教材原句 背写作佳句(先填后背)‎ ‎1.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ 可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。 1.This_is_a_time_when almost everyone wants to be famous. ‎ 这是一个几乎人人都想出名的时代。‎ ‎2.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ 过去30年来所颁布的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步。一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 2.①The_year_2013_saw many natural disasters in the world. ‎ ‎2013年在全世界发生了许多自然灾害。‎ ‎②I've reached the stage_where I feel like I actually live in Sierra Leone. ‎ 我已经到了这么一个阶段，感觉自己真正融入塞拉利昂的生活了。‎ ‎3....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 3.Only_then_did_I_realize that I was wrong. ‎ 直到那时我才意识到自己错了。‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ This is/was a time when ... “这是一个……的时期”。‎ ‎①This was a time when the two countries were at war.‎ 那个时候这两个国家正在进行一场战争。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ There was a time when ...　 曾有一段时间……‎ at a/the time when ... 在……的时候 ‎②There_was_a_time_when women were not allowed to go to school.‎ 曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。‎ ‎③At the time when I saw him, he was very young.‎ 当初我见到他的时候，他还很年轻。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ ‎(1)see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动。see, find等动词表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事，可以使用一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。‎ ‎①The stone bridge saw many changes of this city.‎ 这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。‎ ‎②The_dusk_found a little girl crying in the street.‎ 黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。‎ ‎(2)句中where引导定语从句，先行词为stage。当先行词是point, situation, stage, condition和case等表示抽象地点的名词，且引导词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句常用where来引导。‎ I've come to the point where I can't stand him.‎ 我已到了无法忍受他的地步。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ 在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only＋状语(副词/介词短语/从句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把 主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。该句的正常语序是：... we decided to answer violence with violence only then。‎ ‎①Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise. ‎ 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一个令人吃惊的消息。‎ ‎②Only by shouting was_he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. ‎ 他只有靠大声叫喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。‎ 名师点津：若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。‎ ‎③Only free men can negotiate; prisoners cannot enter into contracts.‎ 只有自由的人才能谈判，身陷牢笼的人没有谈判的资格。‎ ‎——曼德拉 ‎④Only she can finish the work in an hour.‎ 只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 Ⅰ.句型转换 ‎1．You can learn from your mistakes only in this way.‎ ‎→Only in this way can_you_learn from your mistakes.‎ ‎2．I knew an accident happened to him only when he told me about it.‎ ‎→Only when he told me about it did_I_know an accident happened to him.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．Only when he reached the teahouse did_he_realize it was the same place he'd been in last year.(realize)‎ 只是当他到了茶馆的时候，他才意识到这就是他去年来的地方。‎ ‎2．Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did_they_reach a decision.(reach)‎ 直到他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。‎ ‎3．Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where_beginners_of_English_fail to use the language properly.(fail)‎ 今天我们将讨论一些关于英语初学者不能适当使用英语的情况。‎ ‎4．In Chinese history, there was a time when_China_encouraged_to_trade_with the rest of the world.(encourage)‎ 在中国历史上，曾经有一段时期中国鼓励与世界其他国家进行贸易。‎ ‎5．As I know, this stadium has_seen many thrilling football games.(see)‎ 据我所知，在这座体育场里进行过许多激动人心的足球比赛。‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．In order to compete with others, the restaurant should improve the________of its service.‎ A．quantity　　　　　　　　 B．quality ‎ C．value D．reward 解析：选B　句意：为了和其他的饭店竞争，这家饭店应该改善自己的服务质量。quantity“数量”；quality“质量”；value“价值”；reward“报酬”。‎ ‎2．Although he is very old, he is still very________in all kinds of social activities.‎ A．calm B．active C．slow D．weak 解析：选B　句意：尽管已年老，但他仍然积极地活跃于各种社会活动。be active in “积极参与……”，符合句意及用法。‎ ‎3．They________themselves to their country and worked hard day and night without any complaint.‎ A．buried B．focused C．devoted D．celebrated 解析：选C　句意：他们献身于国家，毫无怨言地日夜辛勤工作。devote oneself to ...“献身于……”，符合句意及用法。‎ ‎4．When he was________， he was involved in crimes of violence and was put in prison at last.‎ A．out of work B．out of danger C．out of date D．out of place 解析：选A　句意：当他失业时，他卷入了暴力犯罪并最终被投入了监狱。out of work“失业”；out of danger“脱离危险”；out of date“过时”；out of place“不适合；不恰当”。故选A。‎ ‎5．People in the village________the college graduate to be their leader, for they thought he could help their village become better.‎ A．voted against B．voted on C．voted for D．voted with 解析：选C　句意：村里的人们投票大学毕业生做他们的领导，因为他们认为他能帮他们村变得更好。vote against“投票反对”；vote for“投票支持”；vote on“对……进行表决”；vote with“同……投相同票”。结合句意选C项。‎ ‎6．He was ________by the robber with a piece of wood on the way home last night.‎ A．attacked B．fired C．shot D．exploded 解析：选A　句意：昨天晚上在回家的路上，他被抢劫者用一块木头袭击。attack“袭击”；fire“解雇”；shoot“射中”；explode“使爆炸”。故选A项。‎ ‎7．He doubted whether she would be________ to the task，which made her upset.‎ A．equal B．similar C．familiar D．willing 解析：选A　句意：他怀疑她是否胜任这项任务，这让她很不安。be equal to“胜 任”；be similar to“相似于……”；be familiar with“熟悉……”；be willing to do sth.“乐意做某事”。‎ ‎8．Jim felt it ________ to let others do the job in place of him, and he was very angry.‎ A．fit B．equal C．good D．unfair 解析：选D　句意：吉姆觉得让他人来代替他做此项工作很不公平，他很生气。fit“适合的”；equal “平等的”；good“好的”；unfair“不公平的”。故选D项。‎ ‎9．It was ________ of him to contribute so much money to people in need.‎ A．generous B．mean C．difficult D．helpful 解析：选A　句意：他很慷慨向困难的人们捐了那么多的钱。It is generous of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事很慷慨”，符合句意。‎ ‎10．When he met with difficulty in learning, he would always ________ his teachers.‎ A．turn off B．turn down C．turn out D．turn to 解析：选D　句意：当在学习中遇到困难时，他会向老师寻求帮助。turn off“关掉”；turn down“拒绝”；turn out“证明是”；turn to“求助于”。故选D项。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．As is often pointed out, knowledge is a twoedged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.(equally)‎ 正如人们经常说的，知识是把双刃剑，它既可以用来行善，也可以用来为恶。‎ ‎2．Through the reform, the economic situation of China turned out much better than it used to be.(turn)‎ 结果证明，通过改革，中国的经济形势比以前更好了。‎ ‎3．Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote_all_he_had_to_setting_up some schools for poor children.(set)‎ Reed先生决心把他所拥有的全部用来为穷人的孩子们建造几所学校。‎ ‎4．Since there are different opinions about the event, why not_vote_on it? (vote)‎ 既然对这一问题有不同的观点，为什么不投票表决呢？‎ ‎5．The police launched_a_major_attack_on the drug dealers.(attack)‎ 警察对毒贩发起了大规模的进攻。‎ ‎6．I'm so sorry to have_put_you_to_the_trouble_of collecting all the information again.(trouble)‎ 很抱歉麻烦你再次收集了所有信息。‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 as a matter of fact， turn to， on principle， devote to， be equal to， out of work ‎1．The woman has been devoted_to her work.‎ ‎2．She has been out_of_work for two weeks.‎ ‎3．As_a_matter_of_fact,_she has some good qualities.‎ ‎4．As far as I'm concerned, she is quite equal_to the work.‎ ‎5．She said she would never turn_to anybody.‎ ‎6．He dealt with the problem on_principle.‎ Ⅳ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅲ中的句子完成语段训练 她一直热爱自己的工作，虽然现在有些麻烦。然而，他根据既定原则处理了那个问题。事实上，她特别胜任这份工作，因为在设计方面没人能比得上她。也许有一天她会失业，但她不会向任何人求助。‎ She_has_been_devoted_to_her_work_though_she_is_in_trouble_now.However,_he_dealt_with_the_problem_on_principle.As_a_matter_of_fact,_she_is_quite_equal_to_the_job,_because_no_one_can_equal_her_in_designing._She_may_be_out_of_work_someday,_but_she_will_never_turn_to_anybody.‎ Section_Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅱ)‎ ( ‎ 语法图解 定语从句(Ⅱ)—关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系副词的指代及功能时间状语地点状语原因状语关系副词引导的定语从句when 引导的定语从句where引导的定语从句why引导的定语从句介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句介词＋which/whom 探究发现 ‎1．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. ‎ ‎2．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. ‎ ‎3．He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. ‎ ‎4．The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. ‎ ‎5．However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ ‎6．The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. ‎ ‎7．...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. ‎ ‎8．The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. ‎ ‎9．The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.‎ ‎10．...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(句1、5、6)；关系副词where_在定语从句中作地点状语(句4、7、9)。 ‎ ‎(2)在“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句中，which用于指代物(句3、8、10)；whom用于指代人(句2)。 ‎ ‎(3)“介词＋which/whom”结构中介词的选择一般取决于先行词的习惯搭配(句10)，从句中的动词、形容词等的习惯搭配(句2、3)。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎ 关系副词的指代及功能 关系副词 先行词 功能 ‎ when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 ‎ where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 ‎ why reason 原因状语 ‎ ‎1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。‎ I have forgotten the exact date when(＝on which) this country became independent.‎ 我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。‎ ‎2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。‎ Now I find myself in a world which for me is worse than death. A world in which there is no place for me.‎ 现在我发现自己活在一个比死还要痛苦的世界，一个无我容身之处的世界。 ‎ ‎——美国电影《乱世佳人》‎ This is the factory where (＝in which) the explosion happened. ‎ 这就是发生爆炸的那家工厂。 ‎ ‎[即时演练1]　选词填空 (when, where)‎ ‎(1)From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. ‎ ‎(2)Shanghai is the place where I was born. ‎ ‎(3)(北京高考改编)Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.‎ ‎3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 ‎ Can you explain the reason(＝for which) why you don't help him? ‎ 你能解释一下为什么不帮助他的理由吗？‎ 名师点津：表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词。 ‎ The reason (that/which) he explained to us is quite clear.‎ 他向我们解释的理由是十分清楚的。‎ ‎[即时演练2]‎ 对比填空：that, which, when, where, why ‎(1)I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.‎ ‎(2)I will never forget the days when we stayed together.‎ ‎(3)This is the place that/which we visited last year.‎ ‎(4)This is the place where we held a party last week.‎ ‎(5)The reason which/that he explained at the meeting was not sound.‎ ‎(6)The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.‎ 二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which, whom或whose。‎ ‎1．介词的选用 ‎“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。‎ Is this the car for which you paid a high price?‎ 这就是你高价买的汽车吗？(根据从句中谓语动词pay的搭配确定)‎ This is the camera with which he often takes photos.‎ 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)‎ This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.‎ 这就是和我爸爸一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)‎ 名师点津：(1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。 ‎ Do you know the reason for which(＝why) he was so happy? ‎ 你知道他为什么那么高兴吗？‎ ‎(2)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如look for, look after, send for, call on, come across, long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。‎ The doctor that you sent for has not come.‎ 你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。‎ ‎2．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构 有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。‎ The river, the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea.‎ 这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。‎ He has three sons, two of whom are teachers.‎ 他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。‎ Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.‎ 玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。‎ ‎[即时演练3]‎ 选词填空(which, whom, whose)‎ ‎(1)The girl to whom you talked just now is our English teacher. ‎ ‎(2)This is the house in which we lived last year. ‎ ‎(3)The boss in whose company Mr. King worked heard about the accident. ‎ ‎(4)(浙江高考改编)The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.完成句子 ‎1．After enjoying Dinosaur World, the children came to the park, where_they_saw_two_pandas.(see)‎ 欣赏完《恐龙世界》之后，孩子们来到公园，在那里他们看见了两只大熊猫。‎ ‎2．The main reason why/for_which_teenagers_surf_the_Internet are to learn information, communicate with others and have fun.(surf)‎ 青少年上网冲浪的主要原因是：了解信息，与人交流，寻找乐趣。‎ ‎3．They have come to an important stage where_they_must_decide.(decide)‎ 他们已经到了他们必须做出决定的重要阶段。‎ ‎4．The man pulled out a gold watch, the_hands_of_which were made of small diamonds.(which)‎ 这名男子拿出一只金表，它的指针是由小钻石做成的。‎ ‎5．Lying on the grass is a notebook whose_cover_is_black.(cover)‎ 草地上有一本笔记本，它的封面是黑色的。‎ ‎6．The reason why_he_is_so_desperate_for a job is that he is running out of money.(desperate)‎ 他如此渴望一份工作的原因是他的钱快用完了。‎ ‎7．At present, there are still places in the world where_farmers_make_use_of cattle labor.(make)‎ 目前，世界上仍有些地方的农民在利用牛作劳力。‎ ‎8．The film brought the hours back to me when_I_was_well_attended in that farway village.(attend)‎ 电影把我带回了我在遥远的村庄得到很好照顾的时光。‎ ‎9．A US man has shown off a 14yearold McDonald's hamburger that looks the same as the day when_he_bought_it.(buy)‎ 一个美国人近日展示了自己14年前买的一个麦当劳汉堡，这个汉堡和他当初买的时候一模一样。‎ ‎10．At present, more and more teenagers would like to go to fastfood restaurants, where_it_doesn't_take_much_time to eat.(take)‎ 现在越来越多的年轻人喜欢到快餐店里吃饭，那儿吃饭花不了多少时间。‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．The house has been pulled down.He lived in the house 10 years ago.‎ ‎→The house where_(in_which) he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.‎ ‎2．There is a table in the house.There are some apples on it. ‎ ‎→There is a table in the house on_which there are some apples.‎ ‎3．We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river. ‎ ‎→We settled down in a small village in_front_of_which ran a winding river.‎ ‎4．She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now. ‎ ‎→She has three sons and all_of_them are abroad now.‎ ‎5．There are sixty students in our class.Thirty of the students in our class are girls. ‎ ‎→There are sixty students in our class，thirty_of_whom are girls.‎ ‎6．The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied in the school. ‎ ‎→The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town.‎ ‎7．Do you remember the days？On those days we played together.‎ ‎→Do you remember the days when we played together?‎ ‎8．We'll go to hear the famous singer.We have often talked about the famous singer. ‎ ‎→We'll go to hear the famous singer about_whom we have often talked.‎ ‎9．The man is my friend.You talked with the man. ‎ ‎→The man with_whom you talked is my friend.‎ ‎10．The plane is very comfortable.We flew to Shanghai in the plane.‎ ‎→The plane in_which we flew to Shanghai is very comfortable. ‎ Section_Ⅳ Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎[课文预览•阅读提能] ‎ ‎ Fastreading Read The Rest Of Elias' Story and then choose the best answer to each question according to the passage.‎ ‎1．Elias felt good about himself because________.‎ A．the prison guards studied with him ‎ B．Mandela taught them himself C．many of his friends passed the exams D．he believed he could get a degree if he had the chance ‎2．As a leader of South Africa, Nelson Mandela helped prisoners of Robben Island by________.‎ A．giving them an education B．giving them money C．putting the guards in prison D．giving them a job ‎3．How long was Elias in the prison named Robben Island?‎ A．Four years.　　　　　　 B．Four months.‎ C．Four weeks. D．Four days.‎ ‎4．Elias lost his job because________.‎ A．he wasn't well educated when he was in prison B．the boss knew he had been in prison C．he was not fit for his work D．he didn't get on well with the other workers ‎5．What job did Mandela help him find?‎ A．A doctor. B．A policeman.‎ C．A driver. D．A guide.‎ 答案：1～5　DAABD ‎ Carefulreading Read the text carefully and fill in the chart with information in the text.‎ In prison spent the 1.hardest time of my life; read books 2.under our blankets; made 3.candles to see the words; became a 4.good student；‎ Before 1994 got a job 5.working in an office；6.lost the job for 7.blowing up government buildings; did not work again for 8.twenty years；‎ After 1994 took 9.tourists around my old prison; 10.proud to show visitors over the prison.‎ ‎ 学前自检——识记会写是前提 项目一必记单词 Ⅰ.基础单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词)‎ ‎1．escape vi. & vt.　　　　　 逃脱；逃走；避开 ‎2．blanket n. 毯；毯子 ‎3．beg vi. 请求；乞求 ‎4．relative n. 亲戚；亲属 ‎5．reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏 ‎6．sentence vt. 判决；宣判 ‎7．president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长 ‎8．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 Ⅱ.拓展单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词)‎ ‎9．educate vt.教育；训练；培养→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→educator n．教师；教育学家→education n．教育；教育学；训练 ‎10．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义；恐怖统治→terrorist n．恐怖分子 项目二必会短语 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出短语 ‎1．lose_heart　　　　　　　 丧失勇气或信心 ‎2．be_in_prison 蹲监狱 ‎3．come_to_power 当权；上台 ‎4．set_up 设立；建立 ‎5．be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎6．in_one's_opinion 以……之见 Ⅱ.选用以上短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)‎ ‎1．She will never lose_heart even if she fails ten times.‎ ‎2．The new party came_to_power last week.‎ ‎3．A new company will be set_up soon.‎ ‎4．The man was_sentenced_to three years in prison last month.‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ escape vt. & vi.逃避；逃脱；避开；逃走；泄露n.逃走；逃脱；逃避；泄露 ‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Luckily, he was able to escape from the burning building. ‎ 幸运的是，他从失火的建筑物中逃出来了。 ‎ ‎②You were lucky to escape punishment/being punished.‎ 你逃避了惩罚，真幸运。‎ ‎③As soon as Jim turned his back, she would have/make an/her escape.‎ 吉姆一转身，她就会逃跑。 ‎ ‎④Believe it or not, I had a narrow escape.‎ 信不信由你，我死里逃生。‎ ‎(1)escape_from＋n.　　　　　　 从……中逃脱 ‎ ‎(2)escape_(doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事 ‎ ‎(3)have/make_an/one's_escape 逃走 ‎ ‎(4)a_narrow_escape 死里逃生 ‎ ‎ ‎ beg vi. & vt.　请求；乞求(begged, begged)‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎①He went to his neighbour to beg for some milk to feed the baby. ‎ 他找邻居讨了一些牛奶来喂养那个孩子。 ‎ ‎②The child begged to go with mother. ‎ 那孩子恳求和他妈妈一起去。 ‎ ‎③They begged us not to punish him. ‎ 他们恳求我们不要处罚他。 ‎ ‎④He was so poor that he had to beg money from/of passersby. ‎ 他穷得要向行人乞求施舍。‎ ‎(1)beg_for_sth.　　　　　　 讨要某物 ‎ ‎(2)beg_(sb.)_(not)_to_do_sth. 乞求(某人)(不)做某事 ‎ ‎(3)beg_sth._from/of_sb.＝beg sb. for sth. 向某人讨要某物 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①I don't expect anything in reward. ‎ 我不指望得到任何酬报。 ‎ ‎②He gets nothing in reward for his hard work.‎ 他辛苦工作而无任何酬劳。‎ ‎③We rewarded him for finding our lost cat.‎ 他把我们丢失的猫找了回来，我们因此奖赏了他。 ‎ ‎④They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers. ‎ 他们奖给优胜者一些水果和鲜花。 ‎ ‎(1)in_reward　　　　　　　 作为回报 ‎ ‎(2)in_reward_for 作为对……的酬劳/回报 ‎ ‎(3)reward_sb._for_(doing)_sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人 ‎ ‎(4)reward_sb._with_sth. 用某物奖赏某人 ‎ ‎ ‎[辨析]　reward, award, prize 试一试　选择上述单词填空 ‎①She won a(n) prize in the 100 meters race. ‎ ‎②A(n) reward was offered for the return of the lost jewels.‎ ‎③The Olympic winner received a gold medal as a(n) award.‎ 辨一辨 reward 一般指通过做某事而获得的回报或报酬，可以是金钱，也可以是物品或精神鼓励 award 指由评委经过认真考虑颁发的奖品 prize 指在比赛中获胜或有特殊贡献时所得的奖励 ‎ ‎ lose heart　丧失勇气或信心 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Please don't lose heart; you still have chances.‎ 请不要灰心，你还有机会。‎ ‎(1)lose one's heart to　　　　 爱上……‎ put one's heart into 专心于 break sb.'s heart 使某人很伤心 heart and soul 全心全意；完全地 ‎(2)be lost in 沉湎于……；专心于……‎ ‎②She lost her heart to the handsome guy.‎ 她爱上了这个英俊的小伙子。‎ ‎③He was heart and soul against the new rules.‎ 他完全反对新规定。‎ ‎④She stared out of the windows, lost_in daydreams.‎ 她凝视窗外，陷入白日梦中。‎ ‎[联想]　另类“灰心丧气”：‎ ‎1．I'm all at sea.我是一片茫然。‎ ‎2．Don't get your hopes too high.不要期望太高。‎ ‎3．No chance at all./Fat chance.不可能的。‎ ‎4．I'm downhearted.我感到灰心丧气。‎ ‎5．My heart is heavy./I'm heavyhearted.‎ 我心情很沉重。‎ ‎6．I'm not too happy about it.我对此并不乐观。‎ ‎7．It's the end of the world for me.‎ 对我来说这简直是世界末日。‎ ‎8．I'm on my last legs.我真是山穷水尽了。‎ ‎ ‎ come to power　当权；上台(表动作)‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎①The present government came to power three years ago. ‎ 本届政府是三年前开始执政的。 ‎ be in power　　　　　　　 执政；当权(表状态) ‎ lose power 下台；失去权力 ‎ take/seize/gain power 夺取政权 be in one's power to do sth. 某人有权(有能力)做某事 ‎ be beyond one's power to do sth. 某人无权(无能力)做某事 ‎②The government came_to_power in 2000. That is, it has_been_in_power for more than ten years.‎ 本届政府2000年上台，也就是说，已经执政十多年了。‎ ‎③It's beyond my power to understand how the computer works. ‎ 我不懂电脑运行原理。‎ ‎ ‎ set up　建立；设立；创办 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①They want to set up their own workshops. ‎ 他们想创办自己的工作室。 ‎ set down　　　　　　　　 写下；记下 ‎ set aside 搁置；把……放在一边 set off 出发；使爆炸 set out 出发；动身 set out to do sth. 开始做某事 ‎ set about doing sth. 开始做某事 ‎②The old man set off down the path towards the river.‎ 老人开始沿着小路向河边走去。‎ ‎③Do you know how to set about going_on_with this work?‎ ‎＝Do you know how to set out to_go_on_with this work? ‎ 你知道怎样着手继续这项工作吗？ ‎ ‎ ‎ sentence vt.判决；宣判n.判决；句子 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①The judge passed sentence on the prisoner with a few sentences.‎ 法官用几句话就宣布了对犯人的判决。‎ sentence sb. to　　　　　　 判某人……(徒刑)‎ sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑 be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎②The judge sentenced the robber to five years in prison for robbery. ‎ 因抢劫，法官判决那个抢劫犯五年徒刑。‎ ‎③The prisoner has been sentenced to death for his bad behavior.‎ 由于他的恶劣行为，囚犯被判处死刑。‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 ‎[单一考点演练]‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．After the government forces were defeated, the insurgents (反叛者) ________.‎ A．come into being B．come into use C．come into effect D．come into power 解析：选D　考查固定短语。句意：政府军被打败后，反叛者上台执政了。A项意为“产生；形成”；B项意为“开始；使用”；C项意为“开始生效；起作用”；D项意为“上台；开始执政”。故D项符合句意。‎ ‎2．He ________ two weeks off for a gettogether of old friends in his hometown.‎ A．required B．commanded C．left D．begged 解析：选D　句意：他请了两个星期的假去参加在家乡举行的老朋友聚会。beg/ask ... off“请……(长的)假”。require“需要；要求”；command“命令；掌握”；leave“离开；留下”。‎ ‎3．The night before Nobel laureate author Mo Yan picked up his ________， he spoke to Swedish students about the 1987 film Red Sorghum based on his namesake novel.‎ A．bonus B．award C．reward D．pension 解析：选C　句意：诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言拿奖金的那个晚上，他为瑞典学生作了关于改编自他的同名小说电影《红高粱》的演讲。bonus “额外津贴，奖金，红利”；award “奖赏，奖金”；reward “报酬，奖金”；pension “退休金”。‎ ‎4．He was ________ to death because of murdering and robbing.‎ A．sentenced B．tried C．decided D．punished 解析：选A　句意：他因谋杀和抢劫被判死刑。be sentenced to death “被判处死刑”，符合题意。try“尝试”；decide“决定”；punish“惩罚”。‎ ‎5．He is highly ________， so he can do well as a group leader.‎ A．amused B．educated C．directed D．concerned 解析：选B　句意：他受过很好的教育，因此可以胜任团队领导的职务。amuse “使娱乐；逗乐”；educate“教育”；direct “指导；导演”；concern “对……有影响；与……相关；关于”。‎ ‎6．Holidays should be a delightful time for teenagers, an opportunity to ________ learning stress, but many of them are not happy, because they are still under pressure to study. ‎ A．escape B．limit C．expose D．hide 解析：选A　句意：假日对青少年来说应该是快乐时光，是逃离学习压力的一个机会，但很多人还是不开心，因为他们还是有很大的学习压力。escape “逃离，逃避”；limit “限制，极限”；expose “暴露”；hide “藏”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．But for your timely encouragement，I would_have_lost_heart after going through so much difficulty.(lose)‎ 要不是你及时鼓励，经历这么多的困难之后我早就灰心了。‎ ‎2．It's reported that the man was_sentenced_to_death for killing three people.(sentence)‎ 据报道，那个人因杀了三个人而被判处了死刑。‎ ‎3．It must have been a miracle that he narrowly escaped_being_killed in a car accident.(escape)‎ 他在车祸中逃过了一劫，这真是个奇迹。‎ ‎4．Putin came_to_power in 2012 and became President of Russia a second time.(power)‎ 普京在2012年上台执政，再次成为了俄国总统。‎ ‎[多维考点演练]‎ ‎1．set短语“点点练”‎ ‎(1)介、副词填空 ‎ ‎①They set up a small laboratory and devoted every spare moment to this work. ‎ ‎②Please set aside your English books; let's have Chinese class. ‎ ‎③He set down his name and address in the book. ‎ ‎④The author set about writing a new book.‎ ‎⑤He is setting off/out for Beijing on business tomorrow.‎ ‎(2)After the meeting, I ________ to write a report on our next term's work.‎ A．set about B．set up C．set out D．set off 解析：选C　句意：会议之后，我开始写下个学期的报告。set out和set about都有“开始，着手”的意思，set out后跟不定式，set about后跟动名词作宾语。‎ ‎2．reward“多棱镜”‎ ‎(1)一句多译 ‎ 我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。‎ ‎→I_gave_him_a_book_in_reward_for_his_help.‎ ‎→I_rewarded_him_with_a_book_for_his_help._‎ ‎(2)You would be offered a(n) ________ of D|S5,000 for the arrest of the murderer, according to the news on TV last night. ‎ A．prize B．award C．reward D．result 解析：选C　句意：根据昨晚电视上的新闻，凡是逮捕了凶手的人将得到5 000美金的奖金。reward 此处表示“(为捉捕罪犯，寻回失去财物等的)赏金，奖赏”。‎ ‎ 佳句背诵——背出语感是关键 背教材原句 背写作佳句(先填后背)‎ ‎1.The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.‎ ‎ 我得到工作是因为我工作努力。 1.This is the_reason_why he was late for the meeting. ‎ 这就是他开会迟到的原因。‎ ‎2.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.‎ 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。 2.You should_have_stayed at home on such a frightening night. ‎ 这么吓人的晚上你本来应该待在家里。‎ ‎3.They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.‎ 他们并不比我更聪明，却通过了考试。 3.She did_tell you the news yesterday. ‎ 她昨天确实告诉你这个消息了。‎ ‎4.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. ‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。 4.The_first_time I saw him, he looked a bit nervous. ‎ 我第一次看到他时，他看起来有点紧张。‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ 句中did起强调作用，强调谓语动词pass，意为“的确；确实”。‎ ‎①I did wash the dishes.‎ 我的确洗过盘子了。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ do的强调用法常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。do表示强调时时态与句子的时态一致。‎ ‎②She does go to school every day.‎ 她确实是每天都去上学。‎ ‎③They do_want_to make peace with you.‎ 他们确实想与你和好。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ 名词性短语the first time在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。‎ ‎①I felt very nervous the first time I gave a speech to many students.‎ 第一次在很多学生面前讲话时我感到很紧张。‎ 名师点津：the first time为名词短语用作连词引导时间状语从句，而for the first time为介词短语，只能作状语，意为“初次；第一次”。‎ ‎②For_the_first_time in his life he felt truly happy.‎ 在他生命中，他第一次真正地感到幸福。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ 常见的用作连词，引导时间状语从句的名词短语：‎ ‎(1)the＋时间名词：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, the week, the year, the month, the spring, the summer, the autumn, the winter等。‎ ‎③He started the instant he heard the report.‎ 他一听到报告就动身了。‎ ‎(2)time构成的短语：every time, each time, (the) next time, any time, the last time, the first time等。‎ ‎④Next_time you come, do remember to bring your son here.‎ 下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 完成句子 ‎1．All the lights will be on the_moment_you_press the switch.(moment)‎ 你一按下开关，所有的灯都会亮。‎ ‎2．The_instant_I_walked_into the master's bedroom I told Hillary we had to buy the house.(instant)‎ 上楼走进主人卧室的瞬间，我告诉希拉里说，这房子我们买定了。‎ ‎3．I was much impressed by the great changes and fast pace of life in Shanghai the_first_time_I_came_to_visit this fantastic city.(come)‎ 我第一次参观上海这座美妙城市时，就对它的巨大变化和快节奏生活印象深刻。‎ ‎4．When the incident was exposed, people criticized that he shouldn't_have_relied_on his parents for everything.(rely)‎ 当这起事件被曝光时，人们批评说他不应该什么事情都依赖父母。‎ ‎5．He didn't lie. He did_write_to_you last week.(write)‎ 他没有撒谎。上周他的确给你写信了。‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．Bob looked back, only to find an old classmate whose name________ him for the ‎ moment.‎ A．escaped　　　　　　　 B．missed C．forgot D．passed 解析：选A　句意：鲍勃回头一看，结果却发现了一位老同学，其名字他却一下子想不起来了。escape作及物动词时有“被忘掉；没被注意到”之意。‎ ‎2．The bank is offering a(n)________ to anyone who can give some information about the robbery.‎ A．reward B．award C．prize D．bonus 解析：选A　句意：银行向任何一个提供有关抢劫案信息的人提供一笔酬金。这里指的是因表示感谢而提供的奖励，所以用reward。award的意思是“奖品；奖金”，其义与prize近似，两者都指因为表现突出而受奖；bonus “奖金；红利”。‎ ‎3．I am heavily________ at the moment, but I hope to be out of it when I get paid.‎ A．in debt B．in trouble C．in difficulty D．in danger 解析：选A　句意：我现在陷入严重的债务危机中，但是我希望发了工资后会摆脱债务困扰。由后半句的“out of it when I get paid”可知A项正确。in debt“欠债”；in trouble“陷入困境”；in difficulty“有困难”；in danger“陷入危险”。‎ ‎4．Twenty people were expected, but only ten ________.‎ A．turned round B．turned up C．turned out D．turned to 解析：选B　句意：期望来二十人，但只有十人来了。turn round“转过头来”；turn up“出现；露面”；turn out“最终是；结果是”；turn to“向某人求助”。‎ ‎5．All the citizens hope that the government ________ can set aside some time to care for those who are living lowest in the social class. ‎ A．in need B．in hands C．in place D．in power 解析：选D　句意：所有的市民都希望当局政府能抽出一点时间来关注那些生活在社会最底层的人们。in power “当权”； in need “有需要”；in hands “在掌握之中”；in place “在合适的位置”。‎ ‎6．For all these years I have been working for others. I'm hoping I'll________ my own business someday.‎ A．turn up B．fix up C．set up D．make up 解析：选C　句意：这些年来我一直为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。set up“设立；创立”，符合句意。turn up“出现”；fix up“安装”；make up“编造”。‎ ‎7．Encouraged by his friends, Jack didn't ________and kept on trying it.‎ A．lose face B．come up ‎ C．lose heart D．cheer up 解析：选C　句意：受到朋友们的鼓励，杰克没有丧失信心，继续努力下去。lose face“丢脸”；come up“走进；发生；被提出”；lose heart“灰心；泄气”；cheer up“高兴起来；振作起来”。由句意可知选C。‎ ‎8．In my ________， Harry is the most suitable person for the job.‎ A．idea B．opinion C．mind D．thought 解析：选B　句意：在我看来，哈利是做这项工作的最佳人选。in one's opinion“在某人看来”，为固定短语。idea“想法；概念”；mind “思想；主意”；thought“思考；考虑”。‎ ‎9．Mandela was________to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against the government.‎ A．reported B．given C．realized D．sentenced 解析：选D　be sentenced to意思是“被判处……(徒刑)”。句意：曼德拉因为鼓励以暴力对抗政府而被判处五年劳教。‎ ‎10．________ they visited the Science Museum, they showed great interest in everything they saw.‎ A．The first time B．For the first time C．At first D．At the first time 解析：选A　名词性短语the first time在此作连词用，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．Fortunately, somebody who happened to be passing by called the fire department the_moment_the_fire_broke_out. (moment)‎ 幸好有人碰巧路过，火灾一发生就给消防部门打了电话。‎ ‎2．When the golden rice incident was exposed, people criticized that they shouldn't_have_tried_it_out on children.(try)‎ 当黄金大米事件被曝光时，人们批评说他们不应该在孩子身上试验这种大米。‎ ‎3．If he thought he could_escape_attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.(escape)‎ 如果他认为坐在后面就能避开别人的注意，那他就错了。‎ ‎4. I'd like to do something in_reward_for her kindness.(reward)‎ 我想做点什么以报答她的好意。‎ ‎5．Having realized what he had done was wrong, he begged_her_for_forgiveness.(beg)‎ 意识到他所做的是错误的，他乞求她的原谅。‎ ‎6．Turesson's findings show that habitat, such as soil conditions, is_of_equal_significance to the output of the crops.(equal)‎ 根据蒂勒松的发现，产地(如土壤条件)对于庄稼的产量是同等重要的。‎ 人物介绍 ‎ ‎ 人物介绍是高考书面表达常见的形式之一，以简单介绍人物的生平为主，这种简短的人物传记内容是人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。一般包括下列内容： ‎ ‎1．人物的基本信息如：生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景等；‎ ‎2．人物的重要事迹(举例说明)；‎ ‎3．人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响；‎ ‎4．作者对人物的评价。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家钱学森。‎ ‎1．1911年生于上海，1935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯•卡门(Von Karman)的赞誉；‎ ‎2．1938年在美国获航空、数学博士学位；‎ ‎3．1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国；‎ ‎4．1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献，被誉为“新中国航天之父”；‎ ‎5．2009年于北京去世。‎ 航天航空科学技术aerospace science and technology 第一步：细审题、三确定 ‎1．确定体裁：本文为人物介绍。‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称。‎ ‎3．确定时态：介绍已故人物的时态应以一般过去时为主。‎ 第二步：拟要点、列提纲 ‎1．基本信息：‎ ‎①________________　②________________‎ ‎2．主要事迹：‎ ‎①________________　②________________‎ ‎③________________　④________________‎ ‎3．评价：________________‎ 第三步：依提纲、准翻译 要点一：1911年生于上海。‎ He_was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai.‎ 要点二：1935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯•卡门(Von Karman)的赞誉。‎ In_1935,_Qian_went_to_America_for_further_study_and_was_highly_thought_of_by_Von_Karman_because_of_his_great_achievements.‎ 要点三：1938年在美国获航空、数学博士学位。‎ In_1938,_he_obtained_his_doctor's_degree_in_aerospace_science_and_mathematics_in_the_US.‎ 要点四：1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国。‎ In_1950,_he_heard_New_China_had_been_founded_and_succeeded_in_coming_back_to_his_homeland_in_1955_though_the_American_government_tried_to_stop_him.‎ 要点五：1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献。‎ Since_1958_he_had_been_devoted_to_aerospace_science_and_contributed_a_lot_to_the_cause_of_China's_aerospace.‎ 要点六：他被誉为“新中国航天之父”。‎ He_was_regarded_as_the_father_of_China's_space_program.‎ 要点七：2009年于北京去世。‎ In_2009,_he_passed_away_in_Beijing.‎ 第四步：句升级、求靓丽 句式升级一：用过去分词短语改写要点一和要点六 Qian_Xuesen,_regarded_as_the_father_of_China's_space_program,_was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai.‎ 句式升级二：用定语从句改写要点二和要点三 In_1935,_Qian_went_to_America_for_further_study_and_was_highly_thought_of_by_Von_Karman_because_of_his_great_achievements,_who_obtained_his_doctor's_degree_in_aerospace_science_and_mathematics_in_the_US_in_1938.‎ 第五步：巧衔接、顺成文 Qian_Xuesen,_regarded_as_the_father_of_China's_space_program,_was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai._In_1935,_Qian_went_to_America_for_further_study_and_was_highly_thought_of_by_Von_Karman_because_of_his_great_achievements._In_1938,_he_obtained_his_doctor's_degree_in_aerospace_science_and_mathematics_in_the_US._In_1950,_he_heard_New_China_had_been_founded_and_succeeded_in_coming_back_to_his_homeland_in_1955_though_the_American_government_tried_to_stop_him._Since_1958_he_had_been_devoted_to_aerospace_science_and_contributed_a_lot_to_the_cause_of_China's_aerospace_and_in_2009,_he_passed_away_in_Beijing._Because_of_the_love_for_his_country_and_the_great_achievements,_he_has_received_the_respect_and_admiration_from_his__people.‎ ‎ ‎ 增分佳句 ‎1．He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. ‎ 他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。 ‎ ‎2．He/She was born in 1911.‎ 他/她出生于1911年。‎ ‎3．He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University.‎ 他/她曾就读于当地一所高中，毕业于北京大学。 ‎ ‎4．He/She is the one who impresses me most.‎ 他/她是我印象最深的一个。 ‎ ‎5．He/She is such a learned/strongwilled person that we all admire/respect him/her. ‎ 他/她是如此一个博学/意志坚强的人，我们都很钦佩/尊敬他/她。 ‎ ‎6．He/She devoted all his/her life to the work.‎ 他/她把毕生都致力于工作。‎ ‎7．He/She makes great contributions to our country.‎ 他/她对我们国家作出了巨大贡献。 ‎ ‎8．He/She makes great achievements.‎ 他/她取得了巨大的成就。 ‎ ‎9．He/She was highly thought of by many people.‎ 他/她受到很多人的高度评价。 ‎ ‎10．He/She will live in the hearts of us forever. ‎ 他/她会永远活在我们心中。 ‎ Section Ⅴ[自修课] 功能意念项目和话题项目 一、功能意念项目——态度之判断与评价(对应学生用书P100) ‎ 本单元的功能意念项目为新课标中的“态度——判断与评价”。“判断与评价”在日常交际中经常用到。在听力理解中经常考查对话双方表示判断与评价的用语。‎ ‎[常见交际用语]‎ ‎1．What do you feel like doing? I feel like ...‎ ‎2．Personally, I'd rather (not) do .../I'm ready to do ...‎ ‎3．What would you like to do? I'd like to ...‎ ‎4．What is your opinion of ...? ＝What do you think of ...？＝How do you like ...? ＝ How do you find ...? ‎ ‎5．Yes, I quite agree with you about that. You are quite right here. ‎ I have no objection.‎ There is no doubt about it.‎ I think this one will do. ‎ I rather doubt that.‎ I don't quite agree with you. I'm against it.‎ That's where I disagree with you. My own view exactly. ‎ I don't think it's very practical. ‎ ‎6．I bet. ‎ It's hard to say. ‎ I can't decide. ‎ ‎[英汉差异]‎ 在表明自己对事物的判断时，好坏要明确，是非要分明。尤其在对方干得比较出色时，要多加鼓励。如：Well done! Good job! Quite perfect! 等。‎ 如果要陈述自己的某些观点时，英语中一般要使用一些较委婉的短语，如：in my opinion (依我看)；as I see it (在我看来)；so far as I know (据我所知)；personally speaking (就我个人而言)等。‎ 在中国的文化背景里，陈述自己的看法、观点之前，常常这样说：依本人之愚见、我谈一点不太成熟的看法、跟大家交换一点肤浅的认识、我发言的目的是抛砖引玉等。如果直译过去，西方人会大吃一惊，他们认为：既然是“未成熟的”、“肤浅的”，为何不以后再谈，现在谈不是没必要吗？因此，在跨文化交际中，切忌用词的过分谦虚或委婉。‎ ‎[迁移应用领悟]‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．(辽宁高考)—What do you think of the house?‎ ‎—________ It's everything we've been looking for.‎ A．Perfect！　　　　　　　 B．Good idea！ ‎ C．Not bad. D．Soso.‎ 解析：选A　考查情景交际。空后面说“这是我们一直所寻找的一切”，这表明回答者对这所房子的评价很高，所以选择A项，perfect“最佳的，完美的”。B项常用于表示赞同对方的提议；not bad与soso意义相近，表示对某事的看法一般。‎ ‎2．(重庆高考)—Have you played baseball before? We need one more player.‎ ‎—________.I like ball games, so I believe it will be fun to learn baseball.‎ A．Sometimes B．Not really C．Never mind D．That's cool 解析：选B　考查交际用语。not really在此意为“事实上没有”。‎ ‎3．—How do you find the latest movie Under the Hawthorn Tree by Zhang Yimou?‎ ‎—________. I can't think too highly of it.‎ A．It's really wonderful B．It all depends C．No one knows for certain D．It is not my cup of tea 解析：选A　根据答句中I can't think too highly of it.可知，答话者对这部影片高度称赞，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.情景对话(根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项是多余的)‎ ‎—I agree with animals cloning.I think it can develop and increase their numbers.‎ ‎—No, __1__ They need their own life.‎ ‎—But the scientists are trying to make things better for the animals.They want them to have as natural a life as possible.‎ ‎—__2__ __3__ If we make animals live unnatural lives and do unnatural things, it may not be good for them or us.‎ ‎—__4__ Let's have a talk with others, OK?‎ ‎—__5__Their ideas may sound more encouraging.‎ A．That's a good idea.‎ B．That's exactly what I'm thinking about.‎ C．I hope you will carry on.‎ D．I can't agree with that because animals are alive too.‎ E．I don't care for your ideas.‎ F．Your argument has convinced me.‎ G．But how can we believe that?‎ 答案：1～5　DAGFB 二、课标话题项目——社会之名人(对应学生用书P101) ‎ 本单元话题是the qualities of a great person and the lives of some great people，属于新课标二十四个话题中的第23个社会(Society)之名人。本单元话题主要是围绕当代英雄纳尔逊•曼德拉展开的。本话题是高考考查的重要话题之一，在阅读和写作中都有所考查。如2013年北京卷完形填空，2013年山东卷阅读理解B篇等。‎ ‎[话题词汇积累]‎ ‎1．hardworking　　　　　　 不辞辛劳的 ‎2．devoted 投入的；深爱的 ‎3．generous 慷慨的；大方的 ‎4．hopeful 怀有希望的 ‎5．kind 宽容的；体贴的 ‎6．reliable 可靠的；可信赖的 ‎7．determined 坚定的 ‎8．honest 诚实的 ‎9．selflessly 无私地 ‎10．brave 勇敢的 ‎11．fight for 为……而战 ‎12．offer guidance 提供指导 ‎13．nice 和蔼的 ‎14．selfless 无私的 ‎15．active 积极的 ‎16．warmhearted 热心肠的 ‎17．easygoing 随和的 ‎18．successful 成功的 ‎19．friendly 友好的 ‎20．fight for freedom 为自由而战 ‎21．help others 帮助别人 ‎22．care for others 关心别人 ‎[话题佳句必背]‎ ‎1．He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.‎ 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，对此我非常感激。‎ ‎2．I never forget how kind Mandela was.‎ 我永远也忘不了曼德拉对我的恩情。‎ ‎3．The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.‎ 纳尔逊•曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。‎ ‎4．He/She devotes his/her life to helping others.‎ 他/她一生致力于帮助别人。‎ ‎5．He/She died for his ideas.‎ 他/她为理想而献身。‎ ‎6．He/She lived a very hard life but studied very hard.‎ 他/她生活很艰难，但学习非常刻苦。‎ ‎[类文阅读技巧]‎ 本篇文章主要介绍了美国民权运动时期的著名黑人罗莎•帕克斯的故事，对于人物介绍或传记一类的文章要着重看作者的侧重点是什么。‎ 阅读此类文章时要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1．把握记叙文的六要素； 2.理清事件发展的前因后果；‎ ‎3．弄清相关的细节； 4.跟上叙事的节奏；‎ ‎5．从事件抽出主旨即看作者想要表达什么。‎ ‎[行文脉络] ‎ ‎[示例]　Rosa Parks was an AfricanAmerican woman who began the civil rights movement by refusing to give up her seat to a white person on a bus. She stood up for what she believed was right, and her courage inspired countless others to do the same.‎ Born in Alabama in 1913, Mrs. Parks grew up on a farm just outside Montgomery in a town called Pine Level. She was homeschooled until she was 11. She later attended the Industrial School for Girls in Montgomery. She briefly attended the Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes, but had to drop out to take care of her mother and grandmother when they became ill.‎ Mrs. Parks married Raymond Parks in 1932. He encouraged her to finish her ‎ education. This was very uncommon at this time, especially for a woman. Less than 7 percent of AfricanAmericans had a high school diploma in the 1930s.‎ Mrs. Parks also succeeded in registering (登记；注册) to vote, which was very difficult for blacks under segregation (种族隔离) laws. In 1943, she began working as a secretary for the NAACP — National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.‎ Mrs. Parks made her historic decision on December 1,1955. She recalls in her autobiography：‎ ‎“When the driver saw me still sitting, he asked if I was going to stand up and I said，‘No, I'm not.’ And he said，‘Well, if you don't stand up, I'm going to have to call the police and have you arrested.’I said, You may do that”．‎ Mrs. Parks died on October 24,2005.“She sat down in order that we might stand up，”said civil rights leader Jesse Jackson.“Her imprisonment opened the doors for our long journey to freedom.”‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎1．From the passage we can infer that in Rosa Parks' time black people________.‎ A．were not allowed to take buses B．only stood on the buses C．were looked down upon D．had no right at all 解析：选C　推理判断题。纵观全文可知，由于罗莎•帕克斯在公共汽车上没有给白人让座，因而被逮捕，由此推断在罗莎•帕克斯时期黑人受歧视。‎ ‎2．From the second paragraph we know that Rosa Parks________.‎ A．began to learn at the age of 11‎ B．studied at home until she was 11‎ C．attended the Industrial School at the age of 11‎ D．graduated from the Alabama State Teachers College 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“She was homeschooled until she was 11.”可知，11岁之前她一直在家中学习。‎ ‎3．Rosa Parks didn't give up her seat to the white because________.‎ A．she was tired after a day's work B．there were empty seats on the bus C．she didn't want to stand on the bus D．she wanted to be treated equally 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据首段和第六段内容可知罗莎•帕克斯不愿意受到不平等的待遇，所以才不让座给白人。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A．Blacks and whites were separated in many places at that time.‎ B．Few black women had a high school diploma.‎ C．Her husband supported her in receiving her education.‎ D．Black adults had the right to vote.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段首句中的“which was very difficult for blacks under segregation (种族隔离) laws”可知，在种族隔离制度下黑人是没有选举权的。‎ Ⅱ.阅读表达(欣赏画线句子并仿写)‎ ‎1．她失业了，这让她不得不求助于她的朋友。‎ She_was_out_of_work,_which_made_her_have_to_turn_to_her_friends.‎ ‎2．当那个人朝我走过来的时候，我问他是否能帮我一下。‎ When_the_man_came_up_to_me,_I_asked_if_he_would_lend_me_a_hand.‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解系列技法 推理判断题解题技法 ‎——通过阅读全文，根据文章主旨及主题内容进行推理判断 此类推理判断题没有直接信息可以提供，需要对文中较多信息进行阅读和推理，要求对与试题有逻辑关系的内容进行概括和总结而提炼出答题所需信息。此类试题要求在理解相关细节表层含义的基础上，通过对全文内容的理解、分析和判断，来弄清文章所包含的深层含义，即文章的主旨。因此，解题时，应认真阅读并仔细分析题干内容，确定好题目设题的角度，然后结合文章主题内容，寻找与试题有逻辑关系的内容，对其进行分析判断，最后概括总结出正确答案。‎ 例如“阅读理解”中的第1题，From the passage we can infer that in Rose Parks' time black people ________.设题角度问的是在罗莎•帕克斯时期黑人所处的境遇，纵观全文可知，由于Rose Parks在公共汽车上没有给白人让座，因而被逮捕，由此推断在Rose Parks时期黑人受歧视。‎ 单元核心考点串记主干知识•一文串起•巧妙设计•高效记忆 ‎ ( I'd like to express my thanks to one of my devoted friends, who helped me selflessly in the past three years. There was a time when my company that was set up 10 years ago was in trouble, which meant I may be out of work.I didn't mean to beg others for help so I refused to turn to anyone. But my friend came. She devoted her time and money to helping me. The last three years saw the support and help that she gave me. Only then did I realize how generous she was. With her help, I didn't escape from the fact, which meant I didn't lose heart. And now I have made my dream come true again.‎ 我要感谢我的一位挚友，在过去的三年里，她无私地帮助我。曾有那么一段时期，我那家成立于十年前的公司陷入困境，这意味着我可能会失业。我不打算向任何人请求帮助，所以我拒绝去找任何人。但是我的朋友来到我的身边。她不遗余力地倾其时间与金钱来帮助我。这三年见证了她对我的支持和帮助。直到那时我才意识到她有多么慷慨。在她的帮助下，我没有逃避现实，也就是说我没有失去信心。所以现在，我又实现了我的梦想。‎