2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修3-Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia

2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修3-Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia

‎[话题素材]‎ 好词 ‎1．environment n. 环境 ‎2．pollution n. 污染 ‎3．threaten v. 威胁 ‎4．effective adj. 有效的 ‎5．action n. 行为，行动 ‎6．appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事 ‎7．take measures 采取措施 ‎8．to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是 ‎9．get...under control 使……得以控制 ‎10．come about 发生 ‎11．out_of balance 失去平衡 ‎12．stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 ‎13．have effect on 对……有影响 ‎14．keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 ‎15．lead to 导致 佳句 ‎1．Let's take action to protect the_environment_from_now_on_ by_doing every little bit thing.‎ 让我们从现在做起，从点滴小事做起，保护环境吧！‎ ‎2．It_is_likely_that they will benefit from what they have done.‎ 他们很有可能从自己的行为中受益。‎ ‎3．It is everyone's responsibility to make_good_use_of water, such as recycling_and_saving_water_in_our_daily_life.‎ 充分利用水资源是我们每个人的责任，比如在日常生活中循环用水和节约用水。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Nowadays, the haze weather frequently appears in our country, which has not only done harm to people's health, but also affected the public transportation. As a result, terrible accidents happen every now and then, and some freeways have to be shut down because of the low visibility.‎ Obviously, air pollution is the main factor that has resulted in the frequency of haze weather, and at the same time, all kinds of dust and exhaust emissions from cars and buses have made the ‎ situation even worse.‎ So proper measures should be adopted to deal with the serious problem. For students, opportunities for outdoor sports activities should be decreased, washing faces and hands with running water after each outing is also important, and do not forget to wear a good－quality mask to protect yourself while going outside.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．mass (adj.) 大量的；大规模的　(n.) 块，团；群众 ‎2．process (n.) 进程；过程 ‎3．forecast (vt.) 预报；预告　(n.) 预测，预报；预示 ‎4．atmosphere (n.) 大气；大气层；气氛 ‎5．recycle (v.) 重新利用；再循环 ‎6．frightening (adj.) 吓人的；可怕的→frighten (v.) 使惊吓，惊恐→frightened (adj.) 害怕的；受惊吓的→fright (n.) 惊吓 ‎7．strength (n.) 力量；力气→strengthen (vt.) 加强→strong (adj.) 坚强的；强壮的→strongly (adv.) 坚强地 ‎8．chemical (n.) 化学药品→chemistry (n.) 化学→chemist (n.) 化学家，药剂师 ‎9．pollution (n.) 污染→pollute (vt.) 污染 ‎10．concerned (adj.) 关心的；担心的→concern (n.& v．) 关心，担心→concerning (prep.) 关于 ‎11．evidence (n.) 根据；证明→evident (adj.) 明显的；显然的 ‎12．major (adj.) 主要的，多数的→majority (n.) 大多数 ‎13．urgent (adj.) 紧急的→urge (vt.) 催促；极力主张 ‎14．complain (vi.) 抱怨；发牢骚→complaint (n.) 抱怨 ‎15．protection (n.) 保护→protect (vt.) 保护 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．take_in　　吸收；理解；欺骗 ‎2．give_out 分发；用尽；精疲力竭 ‎3．can't_help_but 不得不 ‎4．in_a_nutshell 概括地讲；简言之 ‎5．look_through 浏览，查阅 ‎6．cut_down 砍倒；削减；减少 ‎7．be_caught_in 突然遭遇(风暴等)‎ ‎8．one_after_another 一个接一个地 ‎9．have_a_bad_effect_on 对……有坏影响 ‎10．wake_up_to 醒来面对；意识到 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．appear to have done sth.“好像做了某事”‎ Sandstorms in China appear_to_have_increased_in_recent_years as a result of “desertification”．(教材P32)‎ 由于“沙漠化”的影响，在中国沙尘暴在最近几年似乎增加了。‎ ‎2．make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do... it在句中充当形式宾语 The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes_it_difficult_to_see.(教材P32)‎ 暴风雨有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。‎ ‎3．do nothing but do “只能做某事”‎ He does nothing but_complain.(教材P36)‎ 他除了抱怨什么事也没做。‎ ‎4．否定句中运用比较级表达最高级的含义。‎ I couldn't agree with you more.(教材P36)‎ 我非常同意你的观点。‎ ‎5．if/when/whenever possible 构成的省略句 The garbage is then taken away and, if_possible,_recycled.(教材P39)‎ 然后把垃圾带走，如果可能的话，进行回收利用。‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough ________ move sand dunes.‎ 答案：to ‎2．The four main places in the world ________ there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia.‎ 答案：where ‎3．It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been ________.‎ 答案：in ‎4．When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people ________ to go out.‎ 答案：not ‎5．It's difficult to ________ (breath) and the dust makes me ill.‎ 答案：breathe ‎6．Some countries are ________ (good) than others at looking after ________ environment.‎ 答案：better; the ‎7．In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard ________ (improve) the environment.‎ 答案：to improve ‎8．________ the 1970s, as people learnt more about environmental problems, the “Green” movement began and soon ________ (spread) all over Europe.‎ 答案：In; spread ‎9．It collects information about how industry is damaging the environment and gives this information to ________ (newspaper)．‎ 答案：newspapers ‎10．Find a friend who wants to improve his/her English. Agree to spend an hour together each week ________ (speak) English.‎ 答案：speaking ‎1　　strength　n．力量；力气；长处；优势；强度；坚强 The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.(P32)‎ 中国中央气象台能够在沙尘暴到达北京前几周预测到，但是有时沙尘暴的强度还是令人吃惊的。‎ ‎(1)strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的 strengthen vt. 加强；巩固 ‎(2)with all one's strength 用上全身的力气 strengths and weaknesses 优缺点 build_up one's strength 强身健体；增强体质 ‎①Practising Chinese Kungfu can not only build up one's strength,_but also develop one's character.‎ 练习中国功夫不仅能够增强人的体质，还能培养人的性格。‎ ‎②Each of us has our own strengths_and_weaknesses.‎ 我们每个人都有自己的强项和弱项。‎ ‎③[牛津高阶]He pushed against the rock with all his strength.‎ 他用全力推那块石头。‎ ‎④[牛津高阶]The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.‎ 能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。‎ 易混辨析 strength 指“力气、力量、体力”，还可以指“优点、长处”‎ energy 在物理学定义中为“能，能量”，另外还可以指“精力、活力、干劲”‎ force 指“力、暴力、武力”，表示“力量”时，指人或物撞击时所用的力 power 能力；电力；权力 ‎⑤选词填空(power/force/strength/energy)‎ a．It's beyond my ________ to help you.‎ b．The soldier took the prisoners away by ________.‎ c．I've no ________ to go further.‎ d．Old as he is, he is full of ________.‎ 答案：a.power　b．force　c．strength　d．energy ‎2　　complain　vi.抱怨；发牢骚；投诉 He does nothing but complain.(P36)‎ 他除了抱怨什么事也没有做。‎ ‎ (1)complain that... 抱怨……‎ complain about/of 关于……投诉/抱怨 complain to sb. 向某人抱怨 ‎(2)complaint n. 抱怨，投诉 make a complaint 向某人抱怨/投诉 ‎①[牛津高阶]I'm going to complain_to the manager about this.‎ 我要就这件事向经理投诉。‎ ‎②[牛津高阶]I'd like to make_a_complaint about the noise.‎ 我要就噪音问题提出投诉。‎ ‎③It's no use complaining without taking action.‎ 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。‎ 过关演练 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2014·辽宁高考]And the best way to ________ (strength) willpower is to make it into a habit.‎ 答案：strengthen　句意：增强意志力的最好的办法就是使之成为一个习惯。考查动词strengthen。‎ ‎2．[2014·浙江高考]If you're truly ________ (concern), you'll know when your neighbor needs some cheering up...‎ 答案：concerned　句意：如果你真的关心，你就会知道你的邻居什么时候需要鼓舞……考查concern的形容词的用法。‎ ‎3．[2014·安徽高考]So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the ________ (major) of people. What should we do if a new building is needed?‎ 答案：majority　考查名词形式。majority意为“大多数”。‎ ‎4．[2014·安徽高考]To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlD s most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve ________ (urge) problems.‎ 答案：urgent　句意：为了支持这项值得做的事业，“阿育王”组织给世界最有希望的“changemakers”提供资金试图解决一些迫切问题。urgent为urge的形容词：“紧急的，迫切的”。‎ ‎5．The public urged that measures ________ (take) by the government to prevent such cases from happening again.‎ 答案：(should) be taken　句意：公众强烈要求政府采取措施来防止此类案件的再次发生。urge＋that从句，意为“极力主张；强烈要求”，从句中的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。‎ ‎6．[2015·北京高考]One of their neighbors had written to ________ (complain) about the sound of the piano.‎ 答案：complain　由空前to可知此处为不定式，应填动词原形。‎ ‎ 7.—Do you let your kids travel alone at night?‎ ‎—________ (absolute) not!‎ 答案：Absolutely　Absolutely not！“当然不！”。‎ ‎8．As far as I am ________ (concern), you can do what you like.‎ 答案：concerned　as far as I am concerned意为“在我看来，就我而言”。‎ ‎9．Mike is a student at Harvard University, ________ (major) in physics for a degree in Natural Science.‎ 答案：majoring　句意：迈克是哈佛大学的一名学生，主修物理学，想要拿到自然科学学位。‎ ‎10．The construction of the bridge is in ________ (process)．‎ 答案：process　句意：桥的建设在进展中。‎ ‎1　　cut down 砍倒；削减；缩小；驳倒 This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.(P32)‎ 这是由于气候变化和人们砍伐树木、挖掘草地使土地沙漠化的一个过程。‎ ‎ ‎①[2013·天津高考]The water supply has been cut_off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.‎ 水供应已临时中断，因为工人们正在维修其中的一个主管道。‎ ‎②[2014·北京高考] If you want to cut_down_ on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café.‎ 如果你想削减开支，你可以早晨在家自制咖啡而不是去咖啡馆。‎ ‎③[人教⑧－5]The scrapers were sharp enough to cut_up the meat and scrape the fish.‎ 这个刮刀很锋利可以切肉和割鱼鳞。‎ ‎④[人教⑦－1]I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut_out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.‎ 我认为我做过十亿次检查了，有一次他们从我的大腿上切掉一块肉并在显微镜下观察它。‎ ‎2　　take in 吸收；收养；理解，理会；欺骗；改小(衣服)；(价格或费用里)包括 Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.(P35)‎ 树吸收二氧化碳并放出氧气。‎ ‎①翻译句子并写出下列句中take in的意思 a．On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and take in the fresh air there.(　　　　)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ b．[2014·湖北高考]It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying.(　　　　)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ c．This price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.(　　　　)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ d．[牛津高阶]Don't be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.(　　　　)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ e．[2016·枣庄模拟]Some false advertisements are taking the countryside women as their targets, because they are easy to take in.(　　　　)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：a.周末，史密斯一家常驱车到农村去呼吸那里的新鲜空气。　(吸收，呼吸)　b．我花了好几分钟才理解他说的话。　(理解)　c．这个价格包括食宿的一切费用。　(包括在内)　d．不要被那些声称能在一周内帮你减肥的产品给骗了。　(欺骗)　e．一些虚假广告以农村妇女为对象，因为她们较容易受骗。　(欺骗)‎ ‎②请写出下列take短语并熟记 a．______________　拆开，分开 b．______________ 记下；写下；拆下 c．______________ 脱下；起飞；请假；(事业)成功 d．______________ 呈现；雇用；承担 e．______________ 接收；接管 f．______________ 占据；开始从事 答案：a.take apart　b．take down　c．take off　d．take on　e．take over　f．take up ‎3　　give out 分发；发布，公布(消息等)；发出、放出(光、热、气体等)；用完；耗尽；精疲力竭；失灵，停止起作用 Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. (P35)‎ 树吸收二氧化碳并放出氧气。‎ ‎ 提示　give out在表示“分发；分配；宣布；放出；发出(声音、气味等)”时是及物动词短语，但在表示“用尽；用完”时，与run out一样是不及物动词短语，而use up和run out of是及物动词短语，有被动语态，主语往往是人。‎ 写出下列各句中give out的意思 a．[现代英语用法词典]You must go home－our money has given out.________‎ b．[朗文词典]Students were giving out leaflets to everyone on the street.________‎ c．[朗文词典]After two hours her patience gave out.________‎ d．[牛津高阶]The radiator (散热器) gives out a lot of heat.________‎ e．[现代英语用法词典]It was given out that the Prime Minister had died suddenly.________‎ 答案：a.被用完；耗尽　b．分发某物　c．耗尽，用光　d．发出，放出(光，热)　e．宣布 过关演练 选词填空 cut down； look through； couldn't help but； take in； get caught in； give out； have effect on； in a nutshell ‎1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and ________ that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house.‎ 答案：give out ‎2．[2013·陕西高考]My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has ________________.‎ 答案：cut down ‎3．[2013·江苏高考]I managed to rent a big enough house to ________ a handful of people.‎ 答案：take in ‎4．______________the article and give me the general idea.‎ 答案：Look through ‎5．She ________ wonder what he was thinking.‎ 答案：couldn't help but ‎6．I ________ the rain and my suit has been ruined.‎ 答案：got caught in ‎7．Global warming is ________ a great ________ hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.‎ 答案：having; effect on ‎8．To put it ________， we're bankrupt (破产的)．‎ 答案：in a nutshell ‎1　　The garbage is then taken away and, if_possible,_recycled. (P39)‎ 然后把垃圾带走，如果可能的话，进行回收利用。‎ 此处if possible相当于if it is possible，属于省略句，常在句中作插入语，起补充说明的作用。‎ ‎(1)在由when, if, unless, once, though, although, even if/even though, until, as if,‎ ‎ as等引导状语从句时，如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或状语从句的主语为it，且从句的谓语部分含有be动词，可将状语从句的主语和be动词省略。‎ ‎(2)在when/whenever/if it is possible/necessary结构中将it_is省略，构成常见的when/whenever/if possible/necessary结构。‎ ‎(3)if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话；‎ if ever如果曾经有过的话；if not如果不这样的话；if necessary如果有必要的话。‎ ‎①[2014·福建高考改编]The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever,_reaching 30 ℃ in summer.‎ 这里的气候宜人，夏天的气温极少达到30摄氏度。‎ ‎②[人教④－2]If_so,_what did you do to grow them?‎ 如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植它们(这些植物)?‎ ‎③[2015·北京高考]If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.‎ 如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知的。‎ ‎④[2012·湖南高考]Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank.‎ 如果使用得当，时间就是银行里的钱。‎ 过关演练 完成句子 ‎1．I won't go to the party ________.‎ 除非被邀请，不然我不会去参加那个晚会。‎ 答案：unless invited ‎2．He will, ________ go abroad for further study.‎ 如果可能的话，他会出国深造。‎ 答案：if possible ‎3．New technologies have ________ turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.‎ 新的技术已经让以更低的成本更快地生产出新的产品成为可能。‎ 答案：made it possible to ‎4．[2015·湖南高考]Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.‎ 电子游戏如果使用不当就会产生不良影响。‎ 答案：left 动词不定式 不定式时态构成及用法 ‎(1)形式：主动to do/被动to be done ‎(2)进行式为to be doing 完成式主动为to have done/被动to have been done ‎1．[2015·山西大同模拟]I'm very sorry ________(keep) you waiting so long.‎ 答案：to have kept but ＋不定式 ‎(1)不定式动词在介词but, except后面使用时，如这些介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，则介词后的不定式不带to, 否则要带to。‎ ‎(2)在can't but, can't help but, can't choose but结构后，不定式不带to，常译为“不得不，只能”。‎ ‎2．If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ________(meet) an even greater challenge.‎ 答案：to meet 不定式用法，可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语等 ‎3．[2013·山东高考改编]I stopped the car ________(take) a short break as I was feeling tired.‎ 答案：to take 过关演练 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·江西五校一次联考]Measures must be taken to prevent pollution for us ________ (live) happily.‎ 答案：to live ‎2．[2015·厦门适应性考试]I am delighted ________ (invite) to the strawberry farm. I really had a good time there.‎ 答案：to have been invited ‎3．The morning air is so good ________ (breathe)．‎ 答案：to breathe ‎4．[2014·重庆高考]Group activities will be organized after class ________ (help) children develop team spirit.‎ 答案：to help ‎5．[2014·四川高考]—I hope to take the computer course.‎ ‎—Good idea. ________ (find) out more about it, visit this website.‎ 答案：To find