【英语】2019届二轮复习高考语法填空真题深度解读(二)（10页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习高考语法填空真题深度解读(二)（10页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习高考语法填空真题深度解读(二)‎ 第一部分：真题研读 ‎(一) 2016年全国Ⅲ卷  ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。   ‎ ‎    1.In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ____61____  Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.‎ ‎    2.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might ____62____  (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____63____ (create) special designs.‎ ‎    3.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____64____ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, ____65____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ____66____ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.‎ ‎    4.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ____67____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the ____68____ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ____69____ (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ ‎    5.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____70____ their hands.‎ 二、语篇分析 大意：本文主要介绍了筷子的制作材料以及筷子的由来。‎ Part 1：本段说明筷子在亚洲大部分国家的重要性，从而引出全文的话题：筷子。‎ Part 2：本段主要说明筷子的制作。①句告诉我们筷子通常的由木材及竹子制成的，②③④句进一步介绍筷子还可以由塑料、动物骨头、金属、金银或把各种硬木和金属结合在一起制成。‎ Part 3：本段①句主要说明中国人使用筷子的历史。②③句介绍及人们烹饪食物习惯的改变。‎ Part 4：本段承接上文，说明人们烹饪食物习惯的改变对筷子发展的影响。‎ Part 5：本段着重说明影响筷子发展的另外一个因素。①句点出中国古代著名的学者孔子也影响了筷子的发展。②句进一步说明孔子如何影响筷子的发展，他认为餐桌上使用刀子就餐太过于暴力。‎ Part 6：本段与第一段首尾呼应，以印度为例进一步补充说明并非亚洲所有的地区都使用筷子。‎ 三、答案详解 ‎61. and   因China, Japan, Korea与Vietnam是并列关系，故填and。‎ ‎62. be made  因主语chopsticks与谓语动词make之间存在着被动关系，且位于情态动词后面，故应填be made。      ‎ ‎63. to create  句中已有谓语combine，故create应为非谓语动词；表示目的，用不定式形式to create。‎ ‎64. using  句中已有谓语cooked，故use为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use在逻辑上是主动关系，故用V-ing形式表伴随。‎ ‎65. as/when  因the population grew与people began…都是句子，两句之间没有连词，必定填连词；再根据句意和两句子间的逻辑关系，应填表示“随着”或“当……时”的as或when才通顺。‎ ‎66. gradually  修饰动词turned，应用副词。    ‎ ‎67. who  在think后的that引导的宾语从句中，主语是Confucius(孔子)，谓语是influenced，主谓之间应是一个非限制性定语从句；该定语从句缺主语，先行词是Confucius，指人，故填who。‎ ‎68. development  在冠词the与介词of之间，用作influence的宾语，应填名词，表示“筷子的发展”。 ‎ ‎69. were  考查动词的时态及主谓一致。and并列的两个谓语时态应一致；再根据主语是knives，故填were。       ‎ ‎70. with  表示“用……工具、方式”应用介词with。‎ ‎(二) 2015年全国Ⅰ卷 Yangshuo, China ‎    It was raining lightly when I ___1___ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours ___2___, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ___3___ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.‎ ‎    I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River___4___are pictured by artists in so many Chinese___5___ (painting). Instead, I’d head straight for ‎ Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away___6___car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.‎ ‎    Yangshuo___7___ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers___8___ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ___9___(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ___10___ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 二、语篇分析 大意：本文作者记叙了从香港到桂林阳朔旅游的亲身经历。‎ Part 1：本段主要介绍作者抵达阳朔时对那里的天气(小雨)及空气质量(佳)的描述。①句是作者抵达阳朔的时间以及对当地天气情况(小雨)的介绍。②句用But表明作者对下雨天的不介意。③句作者介绍了几小时前自己家(香港)那令人窒息的雾霾天。④句相比之下，阳朔的天气即使下着小雨，也让作者感受到了阳朔空气的干净与清新。‎ Part 2：在介绍行程的同时，将阳朔和桂林进行了比较。①句作者先说自己没有去桂林，这个游客们梦想到达能看到画作中的山与水的地方。②句作者用Instead呈现自己的行程是直接来到阳朔。③句是对阳朔的简单描述：距离桂林一小时车程，尽管名气没有桂林大，却可以提供给游客桂林所有的景观。‎ Part 3：作者通过介绍阳朔目前在旅游业上的发展让读者更深入感受到阳朔的美。①句作者用really强调阳朔真的很美。②③④句按照范围从大到小的方式来谈阳朔在世界、亚洲、上海和香港的受欢迎程度。‎ 三、长难句分析 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.‎ 分析：本句中，a dream place (for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings)作Guilin的同位语。其中，seeking the limestone ...paintings作定语修饰tourists，that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings作the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River的定语。‎ 句意：我没去过附近的桂林，那里是寻觅石灰岩山顶和碧绿漓水的梦中之地。很多国画中，艺术家都描述过这些景色。‎ 四、答案详解 ‎ 1. arrived  考查时态。上下文中谓语动词的时态都是过去式，叙述过去发生了的事。 2. before /earlier 考查连接性副词。与过去完成时(had been)连用，表示“相对过去来说，多久之前”，通常用“时间段+before /earlier”。顺便说说，与一般过去时连用，表示“距现在多久之前”，用ago。 3. its 考查代词。在名词choking smog (令人窒息的烟雾)前作定语，只能用it的形容词性物主代词，表示“香港的”即“它的”。 4. which/that 考查连词。引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是mountain tops and dark waters，故填which或that。 5. paintings 考查名词的数。因受many修饰，要用复数形式。 6. by 考查介词。表示“乘，坐”交通工具用介词by。又如：by boats/car/plane 乘船/公共汽车/小汽车，by air/landa 航空/陆路/航海。 ‎ ‎7. is 考查时态。注意，前文叙述经历，本段则叙述目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时。 8. conducted 考查非谓语动词。因句中已有谓语动词names，conduct应为非谓语动词；又由conduct a study /survey (进行研究/调查)可知，a study与conduct是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。 9. regularly 考查词类转换。修饰动词arranges作状语，用副词。 10. living 考查非谓语动词。因句中已有谓语动中arranges了，live应为非谓语动词；又因people与live是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。 ‎ 第二部分：真题演练 ‎(一) 2015年全国II卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    The adobe dwellings(土坯房) ___61___ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ___62___ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ___63___ (able) to “air condition” a house without ___64___ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ___65___(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ___66___ (cool) the house during the hot day. ___67___ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle ___68___ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As ___69___ (nature) architects, the Pueblo ‎ Indians figured out exactly ___70___ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ ‎(二)2018全国Ⅰ卷 ‎    阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _____61_____ (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long _____62_____ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _____63_____ (die) early by running.‎ ‎    While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it _____64_____ (be) more effective at lengthening life _____65_____walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _____66_____ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _____67_____ (cause).‎ ‎    The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _____68_____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always            _____69_____ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _____70_____ a try.‎ ‎(三)2018全国Ⅱ卷 ‎    阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    Diets have changed in China——and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country _____61_____ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _____62_____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. ‎ ‎    A taste for meat is _____63_____ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _____64_____ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _____65_____ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased _____66_____ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. ‎ ‎    According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _____67_____ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005——when the government   _____68_____ (start) a soil-testing program _____69_____ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —— and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放）of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while _____70_____ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.‎ ‎(四)2018全国Ⅲ卷 ‎    阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    I’m not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _____62_____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the _____63_____ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _____64_____ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel _____65_____ (challenge).‎ ‎    My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a _____66_____ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching _____67_____ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.‎ ‎     When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _____68_____ (they) alive. True to gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal _____69_____(mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _____70_____ (stay) and watch.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎(一) 2015年全国II卷 本文介绍了美国西南部普韦布洛村落的印第安人所建造的土坯房的一些特征。‎ ‎61. built   因The adobe dwellings与build是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎62. the   由常修饰最高级的even与后面的most modern可知，这是最高级，其前面通常用the。‎ ‎63. ability   在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。‎ ‎64. using   动词在介词后要用动名词形式。‎ ‎65. slowly   修饰动词give out，用副词。‎ ‎66. to cool   在形容词后作状语，要用不定式。‎ ‎67. at   因at the same time (同时) 是固定词组。‎ ‎68. goes   从上下句中的谓语动词warm来看，用一般现在时。‎ ‎69. natural   在名词前作定语要用形容词。‎ ‎70. how   引导宾语从句，表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要多厚。‎