通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点九定语从句练习含解析

通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点九定语从句练习含解析

考点九　定语从句 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 ‎1．A football fan is a person ________ has a strong interest in football.‎ 答案：who/that　句意：足球迷是对足球有强烈兴趣的人。分析句子成分可知，此处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词，指人可用who/that。‎ ‎2．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country?‎ 答案：whose　此处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作family的定语。‎ ‎3．I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers.‎ 答案：when　句意：我永远也不会忘记和农民们一起住在农场的那些年。years是表示时间的名词，且从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故用when引导定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。‎ ‎4．We all know that this is the second book ________ he has ever written.‎ 答案：that　句意：我们都知道这是他曾经写的第二本书。当先行词前有序数词修饰时，要用that引导定语从句。‎ ‎5．________ is often the case in India, foreign firms will face big barriers.‎ 答案：As　此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语，指代逗号后面整个主句的内容。‎ ‎6．Those ________ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”．‎ 答案：who　句意：那些有六个或更多亲密朋友的人常被认为是非常幸福的。先行词为those (指人)时，常用关系代词who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。‎ ‎7．Michel Crozier, with ________ help Daisy passed the exam, was one of the straight A students of the school.‎ 答案：whose　句意：米歇尔·克罗泽是学校全优生之一，在他的帮助下黛西通过了考试。根据题干结构和句意可知，本句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Michel Crozier，并且与从句中的名词help之间构成所属关系，故用关系代词whose。‎ ‎8．The boy, of ________ the hair is red, is my brother.‎ 答案：whom　句意：有着红色头发的男孩是我哥哥。of whom the hair＝the hair of whom＝whose hair。‎ - 16 -‎ ‎9．They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ________ sat a small boy.‎ 答案：which　in front of which还原即in front of the farmhouse。关系代词which指代先行词the farmhouse。‎ ‎10．In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ________ are women.‎ 答案：whom　two thirds of whom即two thirds of the 2,000 workers。关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，因此用宾格whom。‎ ‎11．It is such a good book ________ I want to buy immediately.‎ 答案：as　根据句子结构可知，本句含有一个限制性定语从句。先行词为a good book，并且从句中缺少宾语，又由于先行词被such修饰，故关系代词只能用as。‎ ‎12．Our life has reached the stage ________ we should decide what to do and how to do it by ourselves.‎ 答案：where　句意：我们的人生已经走到了应该独立决定该做什么和如何去做的阶段了。分析句子结构可知，本句中含有一个定语从句。先行词the stage为抽象地点，并且从句中缺少地点状语，因此应用关系副词where。‎ ‎13．I don't know the reason ________ he came so late.‎ 答案：why　句意：我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。先行词为the reason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，故用why。‎ ‎14．Suddenly I heard a man shouting at a driver, ________ car was blocking the street.‎ 答案：whose　句意：突然我听到一个人对一个司机喊了起来，那个司机的车挡住了街道。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作car的定语，修饰先行词a driver。‎ ‎15．The way ________ he looks at problems is wrong.‎ 答案：(that/in which)/不填　先行词是the way，且定语从句中缺少方式状语时，定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或者省略。‎ ‎16．They talked about the persons and things ________ they remembered at school.‎ 答案：that　当先行词既有人又有物时，应用that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎17．I want to use the same tools ________ were used in your factory a few days ago.‎ 答案：as　as引导定语从句时通常构成such ... as或the same ... as结构，其中such和the same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词并引导定语从句。此处as在从句中作主语。‎ ‎18．We climbed up to the top of a hill, ________ we got a good view of the whole forest park.‎ - 16 -‎ 答案：where　句意：我们爬上了山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个森林公园的美景。此处the top of a hill是先行词，指地点，后面的非限制性定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，缺一个地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎19．In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to ________ she could turn for help.‎ 答案：whom　定语从句中使用了固定短语“turn to sb. for help”，意为“向某人求助”。先行词为a single person，引导词在从句中作介词to的宾语，故用whom引导定语从句。‎ ‎20．Have you ever been in a situation ________ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?‎ 答案：where　句意：你是否曾经处于一种你知道另一个人是对的，但你却不能同意他的看法的境况？分析句子可知，句中的先行词为situation，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where。‎ ‎21．One theory, ________ suggested by Harvard‎ ‎University, is that humans began cooking their food, thereby releasing nutrients locked in the raw food and reducing the time needed to chew it.‎ 答案：as　句意：正如哈佛大学所研究的一样，一项理论表明，人类开始通过烹饪食物来释放生食物内部的营养成分，以此减少咀嚼所需的时间。as在此引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”之意，指代整个主句的内容。‎ ‎22．What sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of happiness, but the pursuit of meaning, ________ is unique to humans.‎ 答案：which　句意：不是对幸福的追求而是对生命意义的追求才使得人类与动物不同，这是人类独有的特征。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话的内容。‎ ‎23．The road construction is based on the agreement, one of ________ purposes is to ensure its completion on time.‎ 答案：whose　句意：道路建设是以协议为基础的，协议的一个目的是确保道路建设按时完工。在定语从句中，关系词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。‎ ‎24．Particular scents also have an effect: diners ________ got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.‎ 答案：who　句意：特殊的气味也会产生影响：闻到薰衣草气味的就餐者会停留更长时间，并且比那些闻到柠檬味或者没有闻到什么味道的人花更多的钱。who引导定语从句，修饰前面的diners，关系词在从句中作主语。‎ ‎25．More public kindergartens in ________ preschool kids can spend their funfilled childhood will be built this year.‎ - 16 -‎ 答案：which　句意：今年将建立更多的公立幼儿园，学前儿童将在那里度过充满乐趣的童年。in which＝where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词more public kindergartens。‎ ‎26．Youth is regarded by many people as a time in their life ________ fun, passion, and imagination seem limitless.‎ 答案：when　句意：青年时期被许多人视为他们生命中一段似乎充满无限欢乐、激情和想象力的时光。设空处所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time，关系词在从句中作状语，表时间，故填when。‎ ‎27．Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.‎ 答案：that　句意：请寄给我们所有关于这个职位候选人的信息。本句中含有一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词all the information。先行词被all, the only, next等修饰时，定语从句用that引导。‎ ‎28．The river, ________ runs through the center of the city, brings us lots of pleasure.‎ 答案：which　句意：这条河流经市中心，它带给我们很多快乐。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代先行词the river，故用which。‎ ‎29．Whichever method you choose, keep in mind the reasons ________ you are learning the language.‎ 答案：why　句意：不管你选用哪种方法，一定要牢记你学习这门语言的原因。根据语境可知，“________ you are learning the language”为定语从句，先行词为the reasons，设空处在定语从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。‎ ‎30．She suggests another approach, one, I think, ________ suits us better.‎ 答案：that　“I think”为插入语；设空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词one，这种情况只能用that而不用which引导定语从句。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．We still remember the days on which we spent in the old house.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉on　关系代词which在从句中作spent的宾语，因此去掉介词on。‎ ‎2．Jim doesn't like the way which I deal with the question.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→that或去掉which或在which前加in　先行词是the way，且定语从句中缺少方式状语时，定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。故把which改为that或去掉which或在which前加in。‎ - 16 -‎ ‎3．Nancy enjoyed herself very much last week where she visited her friends in Sydney.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：where→when　先行词last week是表示时间的名词，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，因此用关系副词when来引导定语从句。‎ ‎4．That scientist who work is successful has been made a model worker.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：who→whose　该定语从句中名词work前缺少定语，故用whose引导该定语从句。‎ ‎5．The Voice of China has set up a stage which some people can achieve their dreams.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→where或在which前加on　先行词stage意为“舞台”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where或在which前加on。‎ ‎6．They talked for about an hour of incidents, most of them happened recently.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：them→which　两个句子之间没有连词连接，应该把代词them改为具有连接作用的关系代词。介词of后指物的关系代词应用which。‎ ‎7．That day, what I am looking forward to, is around the corner.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：what→which　本句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语且先行词是that day，因此用关系代词which。what不能引导定语从句。‎ ‎8．My friend showed me around the town, where was very kind of him.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：where→which　非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which，指代前面提到的整件事情。‎ ‎9．Which we know, China is a country with a long history.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Which→As　which引导非限制性定语从句，一般跟在主句之后，所以此处应用As。as we know “正如我们所知道的”。‎ ‎10．They told me they had just arrived at the last destination where you went to last year.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ - 16 -‎ where→that　句意：他们告诉我，他们刚刚到达了最后一个目的地，这个地方是你去年去过的。该句中含有一个定语从句，先行词为destination，关系词在从句中作went to的宾语；先行词被“the last”修饰，故只能用that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎11．Soon children in the summer camp had many new friends, to whom they shared food, stories, and projects.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：to→with　句意：夏令营里的孩子们很快就有了许多新朋友，他们一起分享食物、故事和专题研究。share sth. with sb.意为“和某人分享某物”。‎ ‎12．SpellingBee is a contest which competitors, usually children, are asked to spell as many words as possible.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→where或在which前加in　句意：SpellingBee是一种拼写比赛，通常孩子们被要求拼写出尽可能多的单词。分析句子结构可知，此句中含有一个定语从句，contest是先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，用where或在which前加in引导定语从句。‎ ‎13．The subway was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of them carried heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：them→whom　句意：地铁挤满了购物完回家的人们，其中大部分人手上拎着装满从市场买的水果蔬菜的包和篮子。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，由“介词＋whom”引导，修饰先行词passengers。‎ ‎14．After visiting Harbin, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time when they had spent.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：when→that/which　句意：在参观过哈尔滨之后，大多数外国友人都说，他们永远不会忘记在那里度过的那段时光。分析句式可知，先行词为the time，从句中缺少宾语，故应用which或that来引导定语从句。‎ ‎15．Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉why或why→that/which　句意：这就是那个他在会上解释的工作上粗心的原因吗？reason作先行词时，如关系词在定语从句中作状语，用why引导定语从句；如果关系词作主语或宾语，则用that/which引导定语从句。在本题中关系词作宾语，因此，也可以省略引导词that/which。‎ 定语从句(一)‎ - 16 -‎ 一、关系词的用法 引导定语从句的关系词(也称为引导词)包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语成分。‎ 关系词 被修饰的先行词 关系词在从句中 充当的成分 that 指人或物的词 主语、宾语 which 指物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 who 指人的词 主语、宾语 whom 指人的词 宾语 whose 指人或物的词 定语 as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语 The work that/which has just been finished is very important.‎ She is the girl who/that lives next door.‎ This is the house whose window broke last night.‎ Tom was late for work again this morning, which made the boss angry.‎ As is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the world.‎ I still remember the day when/on_which I first came to this school.‎ This is the small village where/in_which he was born.‎ The reason why/for_which he refused the invitation is not clear.‎ 注意：①关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但作介词的宾语时不能省略；②关系副词一般可用“介词＋关系代词”来代替。‎ 二、只能用关系代词that的几种情况 ‎1．当先行词既有人又有物时。‎ They are talking about the director and his films that I like best.‎ ‎2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。‎ It is the best film that I have ever seen.‎ ‎3．当先行词被the only/the very/the right/the last/just等词修饰时。‎ This is the only book that is worth reading.‎ ‎4．当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。‎ Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?‎ ‎5．当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时。‎ - 16 -‎ Who is the man that is standing there?‎ 三、只能用关系代词which的几种情况 ‎1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只能用which(指人时用whom)。‎ This is the school in_which I studied 10 years ago.‎ ‎2．在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用which。‎ The meeting was put off, which was actually what we wanted.‎ 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 ‎1．(2020·湖北省黄冈市高三质量检测)And it's fast becoming one of the greatest public health challenges ________ we face in the 21st century.‎ 答案：that　空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词challenges，在从句中作宾语；由于先行词前有最高级the greatest修饰，所以只能用that引导。‎ ‎2．(2020·辽宁省五校协作体高三上学期联合模拟考试)In China, a tea house is a place ________ people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize.‎ 答案：where/in which　设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a place，在从句中作地点状语，故填where/in which。‎ ‎3．(2020·山东省师大附中高三第一次月考)There are plenty of breathtaking walks to choose from ________ will lead you to discover Dartmoof's ancient charm!‎ 答案：which　句意：有许多美丽的适合散步的小路供您选择，您将从中发现达特默夫古老的魅力！此处walks是先行词，指物，在从句中引导词作主语，故填which。‎ ‎4．(2020·湖南师范大学附属中学高三摸底考试)In a culture ________ people function according to ritual, music is used to help govern them.‎ 答案：where/in which　句意：在这样一种文化中，人们根据宗教仪式来行事，音乐被用来帮助管理他们。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词culture，在从句中作地点状语，故用where或in which引导。‎ ‎5．(2018·天津高考)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.‎ 答案：whose　句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限制性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。‎ ‎6．(2018·江苏高考)Selfdriving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.‎ 答案：‎ - 16 -‎ where　句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。‎ ‎7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I arrived early at Byron Bay ________ we were supposed to meet. ‎ 答案：where　句意：我们早早地到达了Byron海湾，我们应该在那里相见。where指代先行词Byron Bay，在从句中作地点状语，引导定语从句。‎ ‎8．(2018·浙江高考)Then I got to the point ________ I was staying up really late at night to get my work done.‎ 答案：where　句意：接着我到达了这样的一个地步：我熬夜一直到深夜来完成任务。point在此表抽象地点，故用where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎9．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl ________ mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.‎ 答案：whose　句意：因为我们的努力，我们的女儿乔治亚的确决定把一大袋子玩具捐献给一个女孩，她的母亲因为疾病没有钱让她度假。whose引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词girl，作后面mother的定语。‎ ‎10．(2018·北京高考)Now Mr Anderson has set up an online campaign to donate money for Mr Smith and other homeless people in the area, ________ by yesterday had received ￡8,000.‎ 答案：which　句意：现在安德森先生发起了一个网络运动给史密斯和本地区其他无家可归的人们捐款，到昨天为止已经收到了8,000英镑。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的an online campaign，故填which。‎ ‎11．(2018·天津高考)One chilly night ________ I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream.‎ 答案：when　前面的night是一个表时间的名词，空格后面的句子不缺主语或宾语，缺少时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎12．(2018·浙江高考)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.‎ 答案：who/that　空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that。‎ ‎13．(2019·广西省桂林市第十八中学高三月考)Just as I was in the middle of my descent (下降), a gentleman entered the main entrance ________ was right in front of the staircase.‎ 答案：which/that　句意：当我正在下楼梯的时候，一位男士进入通道，而通道口刚好在楼梯前面。修饰先行词entrance，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。‎ - 16 -‎ ‎14．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.‎ 答案：that/which　此处引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词a study，从句中缺少主语，所以用that/which。‎ ‎15．(2019·江苏高考)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.‎ 答案：when　句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的名词an age，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。‎ ‎16．(2019·广东省深圳市高级中学高三年级月考)Find group activities ________ you can be with people who share your interests.‎ 答案：where　句意：找到一些小组活动，你可以和那些和你有同样兴趣的人在一起。先行词是activities，表抽象的地点，从句中不缺主语或宾语，而是缺地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。‎ ‎17．(2019·浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.‎ 答案：that/which　此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a piece of cloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。‎ ‎18．(2017·江苏高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ 答案：whose　句意：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。此处引导非限制性定语从句，因为World Food Programme与purposes之间构成所属关系，故用关系代词whose引导。‎ ‎19．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, ________ there were fewer humans around.‎ 答案：where　句意：他们一直朝北前行直到加拿大的深山老林之中，那儿人迹罕至。先行词为the deep forests，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，故应用关系副词where。‎ ‎20．(2019·天津高考)Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.‎ 答案：where　stage “阶段”，后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作地点状语，则应该用关系副词where引导定语从句。‎ ‎21．(2019·北京高考)The students benefitting most from college are those ________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's - 16 -‎ ‎ chances and resources (资源)．‎ 答案：who　先行词为those，指大学生们，通常用who引导定语从句，而不用that。‎ ‎22．(2019·广东省深圳市南山区高三上学期入学摸底考试)I had to stay and fight this rule again for girls ________ want to play football.‎ 答案：who/that　句意：我不得不留下来为那些想踢足球的女孩们再次反抗这个规定。先行词是girls，从句中缺少主语，故填who/that。‎ ‎23．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soiltesting program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ 答案：that/which　设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，前面的“a soiltesting program”是指物的先行词，故填that/which。‎ ‎24．(2018·北京高考)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.‎ 答案：which　句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这帮助他们保持健康。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代前面整个句子的内容，故用which。‎ ‎25．(2020·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)An expert in Chinese characters culture has been invited to the campus, ________ major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology.‎ 答案：whose　此处引导非限制性定语从句，major responsibility与先行词An expert之间为所属关系。故填whose。‎ ‎26．(2019·天津高考)Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, ________ small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.‎ 答案：where/in which　句意： 数学模型也揭示了食物网可能是不稳定的，在那里，顶部捕食者的微小变化可能导致整个生态系统的巨大影响。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词food webs，在从句中作地点状语，故填where或in which。‎ ‎27．(2020·南昌市重点中学高三段考)Power walking uses both upper and lower body strength, ________ results in stronger muscles and bones.‎ 答案：which　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，空处在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎28．(2019·天津高考)The book turns out to be one ________ has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.‎ 答案：‎ - 16 -‎ that　设空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词one，空处在从句中作主语，故用that引导。‎ ‎29．(2019·浙江高考)________ you can imagine, the trip is no piece of cake.‎ 答案：As　句意：正如你能想象的，这趟骑行之旅并不容易。此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语位于句首，故用as引导。‎ ‎30．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, ________ was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease.‎ 答案：which　先行词为this trend，且非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)This indicates that there is a certain way where quantity is represented in their brain.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉where或将where改为that/in which　当way作先行词，若定语从句中缺少方式状语，则用in which或that引导，也可省略引导词。故去掉where或将where改为that/in which。‎ ‎2．(2019·江苏高考)But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during that they remained weak and marginal creatures.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→which　句意：但在整整200万年的时间里，人类享受着所有这些优势，在这期间，他们仍然是弱小的边缘生物。在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，此处修饰先行词2 million years，故将that改为which。‎ ‎3．(2019·长春市实验中学期末)We are talking about one of the most interesting devices which allow people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→that　先行词devices前面有最高级the most interesting修饰，所以使用that引导定语从句，故将which改为that。‎ ‎4．(2019·山东临沂一模)First, you can gain more knowledge about history, that will enrich your life greatly.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→which　句意：首先你可以获得更多的历史知识，这将极大地丰富你的生活。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，故将that改为which。‎ ‎5．(2019·江苏高考)Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, which she fell asleep each night when she was young.‎ - 16 -‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which前加to　句意：他的女儿Melissa觉得挽救他的音乐是非常值得的，因为她小时候每天晚上都是伴着音乐入睡的。本句是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词music，可理解为fall asleep to music “伴随音乐入睡”，将介词to提前，故在which前加to。‎ ‎6．(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期开学检测)Be clear about the kind of job to which you are now applying. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：to→for　句意：明确你现在申请的是什么样的工作。apply for “申请” ；apply to “适用于；应用于”，故将to改为for。‎ ‎7．(2020·内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学高三上学期第一次月考)A photo on my desk always takes me back to the moment that I gave a talent show for foreign friends.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→when　句意：桌上的一张照片总是让我想起我为外国朋友举办才艺表演的那一刻。此处moment是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故把that改成when。‎ ‎8．(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研)This negative side seems to be what society focuses on more, that is why young people have mostly been considered as idle and difficult.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→which　此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故将that改为which。‎ ‎9．(2019·北京高考)A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation which scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→where　句意：十多年来个人信息的数据泄露导致诈骗者很容易就能知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。当先行词是situation, point, case等词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用where引导。‎ ‎10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→where或which前加in　本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond，引导词在定语从句中作状语，故将which改为where或在其前加in。‎ ‎11．(2018·北京高考)Imagine a future which most adults own individual selfdriving vehicles.‎ - 16 -‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→where或which前加in　句意：想象一个未来，那里很多成年人拥有自己的无人驾驶汽车。which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，而该从句中缺少地点状语，故将which改为where或在which前加in。‎ ‎12．(2020·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期第三次月考)As it is known to all, smoking is harmful for health.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉it　本句是一个由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代后面的主句，在从句中作主语，it多余。‎ ‎13．(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期开学检测)Another important factor is that being a positive thinker does not mean you become numb to anything which is not working properly in your life or is negative.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→that　定语从句中缺少主语，指物，通常可用which和that引导。但先行词是anything等不定代词时，只能用that而不用which，故将which改成that。‎ ‎14．(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期开学检测)That was the only reason that I joined my school's Red Crescent Society and became a volunteer.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→why　“I joined my school's Red Crescent Society”为定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以用why引导。‎ ‎15．(2020·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期第三次月考)It is estimated that over 10% of the senior high school students have tried smoking once or more and some of them even steal money from their parent to buy cigarettes, that is terrible.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→which　此句引导非限定性定语从句，不能用that引导非限定性定语从句，应该用which。‎ 定语从句(二)‎ 四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎1．介词的选择 该结构中的介词可用三种方法来选择：①与定语从句的谓语动词的习惯搭配；②与先行词的搭配；③根据句子的意思判断。‎ Who is the girl with_whom you just shook hands？(根据shake hands with ... 确定)‎ - 16 -‎ The room in_which we took the photos was very dusty.(根据与先行词的搭配来确定，即in the room)‎ The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through_which he could see what was happening outside. (根据句子的意思确定用through)‎ ‎2．关系代词的选择 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，指物时关系代词用which，指人时关系代词用whom，作定语时用whose。‎ This is the pen with_which I wrote the letter.‎ The woman to_whom I talked just now is my English teacher.‎ This is the boy without_whose help I couldn't have passed that difficult exam.‎ ‎3．“不定代词/数词＋of which/whom”结构 该结构常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。‎ Tom has many books, some_of_which are from his father.‎ The old man has three sons, two_of_whom are doctors.‎ ‎4．whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which/whom＝of which/whom＋the＋名词 We saved the boy whose_hands were badly injured.‎ ‎＝We saved the boy the_hands_of_whom were badly injured.‎ ‎＝We saved the boy of_whom_the_hands were badly injured.‎ 五、which和as的用法区别 当先行词为整个主句时，关系代词用which或as均可，但二者的用法也有区别。‎ ‎1．当先行词前面有the same, such, so, as等词修饰时，关系词常用as。‎ I've never heard such stories as he tells.‎ She is so nice a girl as we all like.‎ ‎2．which通常意为“这，这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如，正像”。‎ He sold his bicycle, which surprised me.‎ As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.‎ ‎＝Smoking is harmful to our health, as we know.‎ ‎3．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。‎ I failed again in the match, which was a great pity.‎ As we had expected, he opposed the plan.‎ 六、以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句 当the - 16 -‎ ‎ way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，关系代词选用that/which，作宾语时还可省略；若定语从句中缺少方式状语，则用in which或that引导，也可省略。‎ I don't like the way that/which was taught by our teacher.‎ I don't like the way (that/in_which) you talk to me.‎ - 16 -‎