高中英语Unit 5 First aid学案（新人教版必修5）

高中英语Unit 5 First aid学案（新人教版必修5）

Unit 5 First aid ‎

核心单词 ‎1. aid ‎ n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助 vt.‎‎&n. 帮助;援助;救助 They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。‎ They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。‎ 常用结构:‎ first aid 急救 aid sb. 帮助某人 aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事 in aid of 支持;为……筹措 aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在……方面帮助某人 联想拓展 表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid是可数名词。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。用作动词时，搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。‎ 易混辨析 ‎ aid/help/assistance ‎ aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。‎ ‎ help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。‎ ‎ assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。‎ 高手过招 单句改错 (原创)‎ ‎①The family lived on government aids for two years. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.‎ ‎③We，ve aided him finish the work ahead of time.‎ 答案：①aids→aid ②on/under→with ③finish→to finish或in finishing ‎


‎ ‎2. injury n. 损伤；伤害 Many common injuries happen every day in the home. ‎ 家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。‎ 常用结构:‎ do sb. an injury 伤害某人 be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害；危害某人/某事 escape injury 免受伤害 ‎ repair injury 赔偿损害 serious／severe injuries 重伤 a slight injury 轻伤 In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.‎ 在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。‎ 易混辨析 ‎ ‎ injure/wound/hurt injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。‎ wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。‎ hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。‎ Your remark may injure her pride.‎ 你的话也许会伤她的自尊。‎ Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。‎ Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。‎ 高手过招 选词填空(injure/hurt/wound) （原创）‎ ‎①Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious .‎ ‎②He was deeply by her dishonesty.‎ ‎③I my back lifting that box.‎ ‎④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were .‎ ‎⑤She felt at your words.‎ ‎⑥The bullet him in the shoulder.‎ 答案：①wounded ②hurt ③hurt ④injured ⑤hurt ⑥wounded ‎3. situation n. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置 易混辨析 ‎ situation/state/condition ‎ situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态，亦可指国际、国内形势，是可数名词。‎ ‎ state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况，如外貌、心理、外观等方面，可与不定冠词连用，常用于in a state of或in a... state。‎ ‎ condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况，在这个意思上与state相近；而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况，与circumstances意思相近。‎ When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.‎ 当他接下来对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候，他陷入了一种困难的境地。‎ After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.‎ 从那以后，我提供给学生各种各样的情境，他们依照这些情境造句。‎ His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。‎ The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in. ‎ 房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。‎ 温馨提示 situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样，后常用where, in which引导定语从句。‎ Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗？‎ 高手过招 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 （原创）‎ ‎①He，s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane. ‎ ‎②I can ,t think of the situation I meet my father. ‎ ‎③They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation they face.‎ 答案：①where ②where ③that/which ‎4. damage ‎ vt.‎‎& n. 损害；毁坏 易混辨析 ‎ ruin/destroy/damage ‎ ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。‎ ‎ destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。‎ ‎ damage则指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复。‎ The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。‎ The house across the street is in ruins. ‎ 街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。‎ He has destroyed my hope. 他破坏了我的希望。‎ The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.‎ 地震毁坏了许多楼房。‎ The bridge was damaged by the flood.‎ 那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。‎ 温馨提示 destroy只能用作动词，而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 An earthquake struck this area, a lot of damage. (2010·01·山东青岛二中模块检测)‎ A.Making B. causing C. done D. Caused 解析:选B。make与damage不能搭配使用；“造成损失、损害”用do/cause damage；此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以需用现在分词作结果状语。‎ ‎5. present ‎ n.礼物；目前 adj.在场;出席;当前的 v.颁发;授予;赠给 常用结构：‎ be present at 出席 the present day=today 今天 at present／at the present time＝now 现在 for the present=for the time being 暂时 ‎ the present 现在(相当于名词)‎ present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 presentday attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式 联想拓展 present作动词，表示“给予，赠送”之意，常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中，此外，present作动词还有“呈现，显示；阐述，表达；引见”等意思。‎ ‎①作形容词既可作前置修饰语，也可作表语，常意为“现存的；现在的；在场的；出席的”等。‎ ‎②作不可数名词时，表示区别于过去或将来的“现在”；作可数名词时，意为“礼物”。‎ The same problem presented itself to her again. ‎ 同样的问题又在她身上出现。 ‎ He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。 ‎ May I present you to my husband?‎ 我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?‎ We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.‎ 我们学习过去，体验现在，希望成就未来。‎ I got many presents for my birthday.我收到很多生日礼物。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①There are plenty of jobs in the western part of the country. （2010·01·陕西西安二中检测）‎ A. Present B. available C. Precious D. convenient ‎②All the people at the party were all his supporters. （2010·01·江苏南京检测）‎ A. Present B. thankful C. Interested D. Important 解析: ①选B。present在场的；available可用的;可得到的;precious珍贵的;convenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。‎ ‎②选A。(be) present at意为“出席、在场”，符合句意。‎ 重点短语 ‎6. fall ill ‎ 生病 Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后，他病了。‎ 联想拓展 fall behind 落后 fall sick 生病 fall asleep 入睡 fall down 掉下；倒塌 fall in love with ... 爱上……‎ fall off 脱落；减少；从……上掉下 ‎ fall into the habit of ... 养成……的习惯 fall over 跌倒；翻倒；落到……上 fall silent 沉默 高手过招 完成句子 （原创）‎ ‎①不久后他就病倒了，而且一病不起。‎ He soon after and did not recover.‎ ‎②形势严峻，不进则退。‎ Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will .‎ ‎③这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。‎ The circulation of the newspaper began to sharply.‎ 答案：①fell ill ②fall behind ③fall off ‎7. in place 在适当的位置；适当 I like everything to be in place. ‎ 我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。‎ With everything in place, she started the slide show.‎ 一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片。‎ 联想拓展 be in/out of order 有条理/无条理；坏了 be in/out of control 正常/失控 be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险 in place of...＝take the place of... 代替；取代 give place to 被……取代；让位于……‎ out of place 不在适当的位置；‎ ‎ 不合适 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. （2009·湖北）‎ A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain ‎ ‎(2)完成句子 （原创）‎ ‎①你可以用木柴来取代煤。‎ You can use wood coal.‎ ‎②棉花要取代丝绸。‎ Cotton is silk. ‎ ‎③你的提议很恰当。‎ Your proposal is quite .‎ 解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下文“no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets”可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了，故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。‎ ‎(2)①in place of ②taking the place of ‎③in place ‎8. make a difference 有很大差别；有很大不同；有很大的关系/影响 Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.‎ 他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。‎ Does it any difference whether hell attend the meeting?‎ 他出不出席会议有什么区别吗？‎ 联想拓展 make a difference between ...and ... 区别对待……‎ make some difference to对…… 有些关系 make no difference to 对……没有关系 make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同 ‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 （原创）‎ ‎①这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。‎ ‎②让警察知道一些证据关系重大。‎ 答案：①The travel made a difference to his later life.‎ ‎②It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence.‎ ‎


‎ 重点句型 ‎9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. ‎ 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。‎ unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句，可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。‎ Unless you change your mind，I won，t be able to help you.‎ ‎=If you dont change your mind，I won ’t be able to help you.‎ 除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。‎ I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.‎ ‎=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.‎ 如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。‎ 注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. （2009·全国Ⅱ）‎ A. As B. if C. though D. unless ‎②Don’t promise anything you are one hundred percent sure. （2008·浙江）‎ A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless ‎③ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. (2006·北京)‎ A.Unless B. Because C. Although D. When ‎ ‎④We don’t keep winning games we keep playing well. (2006·浙江)‎ A.Because B. unless C. when D. While 解析: ①选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会给两到三个人食用。‎ ‎②选D。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。‎ ‎③选A。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与if...not互换。‎ ‎④选B。unless意为“除非”,强调条件，符合句意。‎ ‎10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。‎ 此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当……时，突然”。‎ 常用结构：‎ be doing...when... 正在做……突然……‎ had done...when... 刚做了……突然……‎ be about to do...when... 刚要做……突然……‎ be on the point of doing sth. when... 刚要做……突然……‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. ‎ ‎ （2009·福建）‎ A. When B. while C. after D. since ‎②We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started. ‎ A. When B. while C. until D. before ‎③I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .‎ A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred 解析: ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。②选A。when作连词，表示“正在这时”。句意为：我们正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着；when引导的从句多用一般过去时。‎ ‎ ‎