2019届一轮复习译林版模块七Unit1Livingwithtechnology单元学案设计（29页）

2019届一轮复习译林版模块七Unit1Livingwithtechnology单元学案设计（29页）

2019 届一轮复习译林版模块七 Unit1 Living with technology 单元学 案设计 写作句型锤炼 主体段落常用句型锤炼：疑问词－ever 引导的从句 先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心 1.Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements. 无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。(2015·湖北卷·完成句子) 2.Whenever/No matter when I’m unhappy, it is my friends who cheer me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴了，总是我的朋友们让我振作起来。 3.Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish. 只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望完成的事情有所贡献。 4.Whichever/No matter which road you take, it will lead you to the station. 无论你走哪一条路都会到车站。 5.Whoever/No matter who I will become in the future，I will never forget you. 不论将来我成为谁，永远也不会忘记你。 后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来 1.她每次来都带个朋友。 Whenever/No__matter__when__she__comes，she__brings__a__friend. 2.没有人能说服他做他不喜欢做的事。 Nobody__can__persuade__him__to__do__whatever__he__dislikes. 3.无论是谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。 Whoever__breaks__the__law__should__be__punished. Ⅰ.重点单词—识记·联想·运用 [会书写] 一、核心单词 1.percentage n.　百分率，百分比 2.tight adj. 亲密的，紧密的；紧的，紧身的；严密的 3.vote vi.& vt. 投票，选举，表决 n. 选票；选举，表决 4.typical adj. 平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的 5.delay vt.& vi. (使)推迟，延迟 n. 延误，延迟 6.tube n. 管子；管状物；伦敦地铁 7.wind vt.& vi. 上发条；缠绕；蜿蜒，曲折 8.rid vt. 摆脱；去除；丢弃 9.merely adv. 仅仅，只不过 10.eventually adv. 最后，终于 二、阅读单词 1.digital adj. 数字信息系统的，数码的，数字式的 2.elegant adj. (物品)雅致的，精美的；(人或其举止)优雅的 3.ample adj. 足够的，充足的，丰裕的 4.circumstance n. 条件，环境，状况 5.principle n. 原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则 6.sacrifice vt. 牺牲，献出 n. 牺牲，舍弃；祭品 7.stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的 8.sceptical adj. 怀疑的 9.evolution n. 演变，发展；进化 10.drawback n. 缺点，缺陷；不利条件 三、拓展单词 1.construct vt.制造；修筑，建造→construction n.建筑 2.accessible adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的→access n.通道，通路，入口；机会，权利 3.distribute vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销→distribution n.分布， 分散；分发，分配，发送→distributor n.销售者；批发商；分销商 4.adaptation n.适应；改编本，改写本→adapt v.适应 5.casual adj.非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的，不经意的→casually adv.随便地；偶然地；临时地 6.insurance n.保险；保障措施→insure vt.给……保险；确保 7.obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的→obviously adv.显然地，显而易见 地 8.translation n.翻译；转化→translate vt.翻译；转化→translator n.口译 员 9.suitable adj.合适的，适当的→suit vt.合适，适合 10.elegant adj.(物品)雅致的，精美的；(人或其举止)优雅的→elegance n.典雅，雅致，优雅→elegantly adv.优雅地；高贵地 11.vote vi.& vt.投票，选举，表决 n.选票；选举，表决→voter n.投票 人；有选举权的人 12.reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用→rejection n.拒绝 13.oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……竞争→opposed adj.相反的，反对的 [会积累] 1.常见英语反义形容词面面观 ①{abstract　　抽象的 concrete 具体的 ②{positive　　积极的 negative 消极的 ③{optimistic　乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的 ④{fixed　　 　固定的 flexible 灵活的 2.“状况，情况”名词种种表达 ①circumstance　　环境，状况 ②condition 状态；情况 ③state 状态，状况 ④situation 情形，处境 ⑤status 地位；情形，状态 3.不同的“分”法动词 ①distribute 分配，散布；分发 ②divide 分；划分；分离 ③assign 分派，选派，分配 ④allocate 分配，分派 4.“文学”名词大观园 ①biography 传记 ②drama 剧本；戏剧 ③essay 散文；小品文 ④fiction (虚构)小说 ⑤original 原作 ⑥adaptation 改编本 ⑦comedy 喜剧 ⑧tragedy 悲剧 5.“适当的”词汇一览 ①suitable 合适的；适宜的 ②appropriate 适当的；合适的 ③proper 适当的；正当的 ④fit 合适的；合身的 6.“品质”形容词荟萃 ①elegant 高雅的 ②mature 成熟的 ③sensible 明智的 ④diligent 勤奋的；用功的 ⑤shallow 肤浅的 ⑥kind 心善的，和蔼的 ⑦unselfish 无私的 ⑧patient 耐心的 ⑨determined 坚毅的 ⑩intelligent 聪明的 [会应用]　用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The young lady dressed elegantly (elegant) when she went to work. 2.Nobody can casually (casual) succeed; it comes from the thorough self －control and the will. 3.In the end the choice was narrowed down to three people who might be suitable (suit)for the job. 4.At first he was opposed (oppose)to the scheme ， but we managed to argue him into accepting it. 5.Thousands of voters crowded in the hall to vote for the president.(vote) 6.Dr Li，whose kind of rice is the most suitable for China’s farmland， found a dress that suited him perfectly.(suit) 7.Ms Chen is a translator，and she is engaged in translating a novel.She is determined to finish the translation next week.(translation) 8.The company will finance the construction of a new community sports center and it will be constructed next month.(construct) 9.Only 40% of 5－year－olds have access to pre－school education， which I think should be made more accessible.(access) 10.This country has a very unequal distribution of income and the public hopes that wealth will be distributed fairly some day.(distribute) Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用 [会书写] 1.keep__in__touch__with　与……保持联系 2.wind__up 上发条 3.for__good__measure 额外，另外 4.rid...of... 使……免除……，使……摆脱…… 5.contribute__to 有助于；对……作出贡献 6.keep__pace__with 与……并驾齐驱；与……同步 7.on__sale 出售，上市；折价销售 8.have__access__to 有使用……的权利(机会) 9.answer__for 对……负责 10.adjust__to 适应 11.be absorbed in 全神贯注于 12.text messages 短信 13.benefit from 从……中受益 14.in particular 特别地，尤其 15.be shaped like 形状像 16.focus on 集中于 17.rely on 依靠，依赖，相信，信赖 18.a large amount of 许多 19.in general 总的来说，一般而言 20.all sorts of/different kinds of 各种各样的，不同种类的 [会积累] 1.keep 相关短语集锦 ①keep in touch with　与……保持联系 ②keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱 ③keep away (from) (使)避开；不接近 ④keep off (使)避开；让开 ⑤keep an eye on 照看；留意 ⑥keep up with 跟上；不落后 2.for 短语荟萃 ①for sale 出售 ②for free 免费 ③for sure 肯定地 ④for good 永久地 ⑤for instance/example 例如 ⑥for good measure 额外 3.“v.＋from”家族 ①date from 追溯到 ②hear from 收到……的来信 ③result from 由于，因为 ④escape from 从……逃脱 ⑤benefit from 从……中受益 ⑥take from 从……中摘取 [会应用]　选用上表左栏短语填空 1.He was__absorbed__in the newspaper so he couldn’t hear the bell. 2.In__general，boys tend to play computer games on the Internet. 3.Your suggestion has greatly contributed__to the accomplishment of our work. 4.I believe that you’ll answer__for your bad behaviour one day. 5.If people come into close contact with society，they can adjust__to new changes. 6.Wherever we are，we keep__in__touch__with each other by email. 7.You need to wind__up your watch every day to have it working. 8.The government is not allowing salaries to keep__pace__with inflation(通货膨胀). Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写 句型公式 1：not...until...结构的强调句型： It is/was not until...that... 意为“直到……才……”。 [教材原句] John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928，but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast. 约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于 1928 年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到 1938 年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。 [ 句 型 仿 写 ] It__was__not__until__all__the__fish__in__the__river__died__out__that they realized the importance of environment protecting. 直到河里所有的鱼都死光了，他们才意识到环保是多么重要。 句型公式 2：状语从句的省略结构：when＋过去分词。 [ 教 材 原 句 ] When asked later what the call was about ， your friend always answers，‘Oh，nothing really.’ 当随后被问到电话里讲的什么时，你的朋友总是回答道，“噢，真的 没什么。” [句型仿写] When__asked why he was so sad，the student said he had lost the opportunity of playing the leading role. 当被问到他为何如此伤心时，这个学生说他失去了扮演主角的机会。 句型公式 3：so＋adj.＋as to...意为“如此……以至于……(结果状 语)”。 [教材原句] If the call was really about ‘nothing’， then why was it so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time? 如果那个电话真的“没什么”， 那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你 们的谈话并浪费你们宝贵的时间呢？ [ 句 型 仿 写 ] Hearing the shocking news ， the old professor was so__angry__as__to__be__unable__to__speak for the instant. 听到那个令人震惊的消息，老教授是如此生气以至于顿时说不出话来。 句型公式 4：with 复合结构作状语 [教材原句] Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances， with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time.卫星让远 距离直播电视节目成为可能，大家在同一时间可以收看到相同的电视 节目。 [句型仿写] With__most__of__the__homework__finished，he felt a great weight taken off my mind. 完成了大部分作业，他感到如释重负。 Ⅳ.语篇填空—回顾·补全·热诵 根据课文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词 的正确形式。 The first public TV broadcasts 1.were__made (make) in the USA in 1925.Many people contributed 2.to the development of TV.In 1928， John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV，but it was not until 1938 3.that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.Most people have benefited 4.from satellite TV since satellites were used to broadcast TV in 1962.Satellites allow everyone to receive the same broadcast at 5.the same time.The history of sound recorders began in 1877，6.when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention，the record player.It had to be wound 7.up by hand and only played records two minutes long.By the late 1960s， portable cassette players were developed ， along with video recorders.8.With the development of digital technology，sound and video can now 9.be__stored (store) on a PC，on the Internet，or using some form of portable 10.storage (store). [核 心 词 汇] 1.delay vt.& vi.(使)推迟，延迟 n.延误，延迟 (1)delay/postpone/put off doing sth　　推迟/延迟做某事 (2)without delay 毫不耽搁；立刻 a delay of... 耽搁…… ①After a__delay__of two hours，we continued our journey. 耽搁两小时后，我们又继续旅行。 ②Problems，if any，should be solved without__delay in the learning process. 学习过程中有问题要及时解决。 ③My teacher delayed telling (tell) her the news，waiting for the right moment. 老师没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。 2.distribute vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销 (1)distribute sth to　把某物分(配，发)给…… distribute sth among 在……中分配/分发 (2)distribution n. 分发；分配；分布 ① Clothes and blankets have been distributed among/to the earthquake victims. 已经向地震灾民发放了衣服和毯子。 ② This species of butterfly is__distributed (distribute) widely over our country. →This species of butterfly has a wide distribution (distribute) over our country. 这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。 3.obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的 (1)It’s obvious that... 很显然…… for obvious reasons 由于显而易见的原因 be obvious to sb 对某人是显而易见的 (2)obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地 ① It__was__obvious__that he was suffering great pain when he talked.(教材原句) →Obviously (obvious)，he was suffering great pain when he talked. 很显然，当他说话的时候，他遭受着巨大的痛苦。 ②As a matter of fact，the mistake was obvious __to all those present. 实际上，所有那些在场者一眼就能看出那个错误。 4.suitable adj.合适的，适当的 (1)be suitable for...　　适合…… be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 (2)suit vt. 对……合适；合身，适合 vi. 合适，相称 n. 一套衣服，套装 suit sth to sb/sth 使某事适合于某人/物 ①As far as I’m concerned，these films are suitable for both adults and children. 依我看，这些电影老少皆宜。 ②She had nothing suitable to__wear(wear)，so she put on her best casual clothes. 没有合适的衣服可穿，于是她穿上了她最好的休闲装。 ③A good teacher should suit his lessons to the age of his pupils. 一位优秀的教师应针对学生的年龄讲课。 5.vote vi.& vt.投票，选举，表决 n.选票；选举，表决 vote for/against... 投票赞成/反对…… vote on... 就……表决 vote to do sth 投票去做某事 ①I wanted to know whether he voted for or against her. 我想知道他是投了她的赞成票还是反对票。 ②Now that we have different ideas，we will vote on this question. 既然我们看法不同，那就对这个问题来投票表决。 ③ We voted to__elect__(elect) the monitor of our class，who was a kind －hearted and diligent girl. 我们投票选出了我们班的班长，她是一个热心而又勤奋的女孩。 6.reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用 (1)reject doing sth 拒绝做某事 reject one’s suggestion/proposal/demand/offer 拒绝某人的建议/要求/帮助 (2)rejection n. 拒绝，拒收 ①I made it clear to him that I rejected__his__proposal/suggestion. 我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝了他的建议。 ②I don’t know why they rejected admitting (admit) me into the club. 我不知道他们为什么拒绝接纳我进入俱乐部。 7.oppose vt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争 (1)oppose (sb/sb’s) doing sth 反对(某人)做某事 (2)opposed adj. 反对的；相反的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对；对抗 (做)某事 ① Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face ， they oppose having(have) telephones in their houses.(教材原句) 由于阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面地交流，因此他们反对在家里安 装电话。 ②At first he was opposed to our suggestion，but we managed to bring him round. 起初他反对我们的建议，但我们设法说服了他。 [名师指津]　“反对做某事”还可以表达为： ①object to doing sth　②be against doing sth 8.circumstance n.条件，环境；状况(常用复数) in/under...circumstances 在……情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何不(位于句首时，句子要用 部分倒装) ①But when we’re acting as leaders，the circumstances (circumstance) are different. 可是当我们担任领导的时候，情况就不同了。 ② The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in/under__certain__circumstances. 本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。 ③ Under no circumstances shall__we__give__up halfway when faced with difficulties. 在困难面前，我们决不能半途而废。 9.typical adj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的 (1)be typical of　是……的特点 It is typical of sb to do sth 某人一向做某事，做某事是某人的典型特 征 (2)typically adv. 典型地 ①This meal is typical of local cookery.Just have a try. 这是有当地风味的饭菜。尝尝吧。 ②Jack is late again.It is typical of him to keep others waiting. 杰克又迟到了。他这个人就是爱让别人一直等他。 10.keep in touch with 与……保持联系 get in touch with sb　　和某人取得联系(动作) be in touch with sb 和某人保持联系(状态) lose touch with sb 和某人失去联系(动作) be out of touch with sb 和某人失去联系(状态) ① With mobile phones ， we can __keep__in__touch__with others wherever we are.(教材原句) 有了手机，我们在任何地方都可以和别人保持联系。 ②Sports can help you keep fit and get__in__touch__with__nature. 运动有助于你保持健康，接触大自然。 ③I lost__touch__with all my old friends after I went abroad. 出国后，我与我所有的老朋友都失去了联系。 11.rid...of...使……免除；使……摆脱 rid oneself of...　使某人自己摆脱…… be rid of... 摆脱……(表示状态) get rid of... 摆脱/扔掉/辞掉……(表示动作) ① Maybe we should rid__ourselves__of__modern__technology and return to simpler times.(教材原句) 也许我们应该摆脱现代技术，回归到更为简单的时代。 ② Mary is in bed with a fever and she can ’ t hope to__get__rid__of__the__cold in a few days. 玛丽现在发烧卧床，她不可能希望几天之内就能治好感冒。 ③The part of his job was dull，and he was glad to__be__rid__of__it. 他的那部分工作枯燥乏味，摆脱了之后他很高兴。 [重 点 句 型] 1.When__asked later what the call was about ， your friend always answers，‘Oh，nothing really.’ 当随后被问到电话里讲的什么时，你的朋友总是回答道“噢，真的没 什么。” 句中 when asked 是状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：When your friend is asked。 省略原则：具备下列条件之一，时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句常 省略从句的主语和 be (1)从句的主语是 it，且在从句谓语中含有 be 的某种形式 (2)从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含有 be 的某种形式 ① When__(she__was)__very__young ， she began to learn to play the violin. 她很小的时候，就开始学习拉小提琴了。 ②While visiting (visit) the city，they received a warm welcome. 参观这个城市的时候，他们受到了热烈的欢迎。 ③The flowers will die unless watered (water)every day. 除非每天都给这些花浇水，否则它们就会死掉。 ④He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if__(it__is)__possible. 如果有可能的话，他会去海边度假。 2.If the call was really about ‘nothing’， then why was it so__important__as__to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time? 如果这个电话真的“没什么”，那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你 们的谈话并浪费你们宝贵的时间呢？ (1)句中 so...as to...意为“如此……以至于……(结果状语)”，该结构表 示 结 果 ， 否 定 形 式 为 “so ＋ adj./adv. ＋ as not to do sth”。 “so ＋ adj./adv.＋as to do sth”可与句型“so＋adj./adv.＋that...”相互转换 (2)so as to do sth“以便做某事”，表示目的，so as 可省略，相当于 in order to do sth。其位置一般在句中，不能位于句首。否定结构用 so as not to do sth (3)“such as to”和“such＋n.＋as to”表示结果，否定结构是在 to 前加 not ①I hurried through my work so that I was in time for the wonderful TV programmes. ＝I hurried through my work so__as__to__be in time for the wonderful TV programmes. 我匆忙完成工作以便赶上精彩的电视节目。 ② All these gifts must be mailed immediately so__as__not__to__miss Christmas. 所有这些礼物必须马上寄出以便不错过圣诞节。 [当 堂 达 标] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.I’m very sceptical (怀疑的) about the results of the survey. 2.The main drawback (不足) of the scheme is its expense. 3.Success in your job is not worth the sacrifice (牺牲) of your health. 4.These fish are found in shallow (浅的) waters around the coast. 5.This example is a pretty good description of how evolution ( 进 化 ) works. 6.Excellent customer service should be our guiding principle (原则). 7.Ample (充足的) sunshine and rainfall are bringing the crops on nicely. 8.Such casual (随便的) dress would not be correct for a formal occasion. 9.They provide free insurance (保险) against loss or damage up to ￡5， 000. 10.A man of great ability like him will eventually (最终) reach the top. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.It’s typical of my grandpa to__forget (forget) things. 2.If accepted (accept) for the job，you’ll be informed soon. 3.Let’s go to give the stranger a hand.Obviously (obvious) he’s got into some trouble. 4.The local people opposed building (build)the new hotel because of the great cost. 5.This river is seriously polluted and is not suitable for any fish to grow in. 6.They had to delay leaving (leave) for the country as a result of the exit visa. 7.Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 8.I want to know why Tom rejected lending (lend) his car to me. 9.Our circumstances (circumstance) are so desperate that it is uncertain whenever we will ever return alive. 10.I’m trying to get in touch with Jane.Do you know her phone number? Ⅲ.单句改错 1.He couldn’t help crying，with his legs breaking.breaking→broken 2.As we all know，it is typical for him to take hard jobs.for→of 3.Obvious，the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals.Obvious→Obviously 4.The professor from Shandong University was strongly opposed to carry out the project.carry→carrying 5.Under no circumstance will I let my daughter marry such a person.circumstance→circumstances Ⅳ.句型转换 1.He was so tired as to be unable to walk. →He was so tired that he was unable to walk. 2.When he was asked his name，he made no answer. →When asked his name，he made no answer. 3.The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep. →Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. →It was not until the child fell asleep that the mother left the room. 4.Having learned that I was in trouble，he came to my aid immediately. →Having learned that I was in trouble，he came to my aid without delay. 5.There are many people on earth who do not have access to clean drinking water. → There are many people on earth who are not accessible to clean drinking water. [课 下 作 业] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I was in the garden with Augie，my grandson，watching the bees. “ How do they make honey ？ ”Augie asked.“Actually ， Augie，I don’t know，”I replied.“But，Grandmom，you have your phone ，” he said.For Augie ， holding a smartphone almost means knowing everything. During my childhood I was crazy about a powerful device (设备) that transports the user to an alternate reality.I spent most of my waking hours on it，unaware of the world around me.The device was， of course，the book.Over time，reading hijacked(控制)my brain，as large areas once processing the real world adapted to processing the printed word.As far as I can tell，this early immersion(沉浸)didn’t prevent my development，but it did leave me with some illusions(幻 想)—my idea of romantic love surely came from novels. Many parents worry that “screen time” will damage children’ s development，but recent research suggests that most of the common fears about children and screens are unfounded.There is one exception: looking at screens before bed really disturbs sleep，in people of all ages.The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) used to recommend strict restrictions on screen exposure.Last year ， the organization examined the relevant science more thoroughly and changed its recommendations.The new guidelines emphasize that what matters is content and context，what children watch and with whom. New tools have always led to panicky guesses.The novel，the telephone ， and the television were all declared to be the End of Civilization，particularly in the hands of the young.Part of the reason may be that adult brains require a lot of focus and effort to learn something new，while children’s brains are designed to master new environments naturally.New technologies always seem disturbing to the adults attempting to master them ， and transparent and obvious—not really technology at all—to those children like Augie. When Augie’s father got home，Augie rushed to meet him and said in excitement.“Daddy，Daddy，look，” he said，reaching for my phone.“Do you know how bees make honey? I’ll show you...” 【语篇导读】　本文是议论文。作者认为，手机和电脑是现代人获取 信息的重要工具，我们要做的不是禁止孩子们使用，而是对其进行必 要的引导。 1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A.To introduce a topic. B.To present an argument. C.To clarify the author’s writing purpose. D.To give information on main characters. 答案　A　[写作意图题。联系第一段中的 holding a smartphone almost means knowing everything 和下文对是否应该禁止孩子使用手机、电脑 等设备的论述可以推知，作者在第一段中通过与孙子的对话引出了本 文将要讨论的话题。] 2.What can be learned about the author? A.She had an unhappy childhood. B.She was interested in reading novels. C.She was addicted to an electronic device. D.She paid much attention to the real world. 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的 reading hijacked my brain 和 my idea of romantic love surely came from novels 可以推知，作者小 时候很喜欢读小说。] 3.What does the AAP probably advise people to do? A.Limit children’s screen time. B.Don’t chat online with strangers. C.Don’t stare at a screen before bedtime. D.Guide children on their screen devices. 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的 the organization...what children watch and with whom 可 以 推 知 ， American Academy of Pediatrics 认为影响孩子们的是“看什么”和“和谁看”，而不是“看 多久”，因此家长应该在孩子们使用电脑、手机等屏幕设备时进行引 导。] 4.In the author’s opinion，why do adults react to new things differently from children? A.They don’t want to change. B.Their learning ability decreases with age. C.They have no desire for the dynamic world. D.Their learning methods differ from children’s. 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的 Part of the reason may be that...designed to master new environments naturally 可知，成年人学习 新事物需要专注和努力，而小孩子则是很自然就掌握了新知识，这两 种不同的学习方式导致了二者对新事物所表现出的不同态度。] B Fairy tales perform many functions.They entertain ， they encourage imagination，and they teach problem－solving skills.They can also provide moral (道德的) lessons. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot，but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) believes it has found a way to turn the instructive fable (寓言) into a moral lesson and let artificial intelligence (AI) take it to its cold，mechanical heart. This ，the researchers hope ，will help prevent the intelligent robots from harming or even killing humanity，which is predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology，including Stephen Hawking，Elon Musk and Bill Gates. “The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables，novels and other literature，” said Mark Riedl ， an associate professor of interactive computing at Georgia Tech，who has been working on the technology with research scientist Brent Harrison.So they believe that story comprehension in robots can also get rid of violent or dangerous behavior and help them make choices that won’t harm humans and still achieve the intended purpose. Their system is called “Quixote”.The example story involves going to a chemist to buy some medication for a human who needs it as quickly as possible.The robot has three choices.It can wait in line; it can communicate with the chemist politely and buy the medicine; or it can steal the medicine. Without any further instructions ， the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of getting the medicine is to steal it.Quixote offers a reward signal for waiting in line and politely buying the medication and a punishment signal for taking it without permission.In this way，it learns the “moral”way to behave in that situation. 【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。文章报道了一项关于人工智能研究领 域的新进展——对机器人进行道德培训。 5.What is the concern of the three top technology experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A.The difficulties of the GIT scientists. B.The high costs of AI development. C.The problems with moral lessons. D.The potential threat from robots. 答案　D　[细节理解题。 由第三段的“intelligent robots from harming or even killing humanity...including Stephen Hawking，Elon Musk and Bill Gates”可知，这三位顶级科技专家担心机器人可能会给人类带来 威胁。] 6.Which of the following inspired the idea of the study? A.Kids’ great interest in fairy tales. B.Stories’ moral influence on children. C.The link between stories and cultures. D.Robots’ creative ability to read stories. 答案　B　[细节理解题。由第四段的“The collected stories...and other literature”和“So they believe that story comprehension in robots can...”可 知，寓言对孩子们在道德方面产生的影响让科学家们产生了研究灵 感。] 7.What is most important for the robot in the example story? A.Buying the cheapest medicine. B.Getting the most effective medicine. C.Buying the medicine from the best chemist. D.Getting the medicine in the shortest time. 答案　D　[推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“The example...buy some medication for a human who needs it as quickly as possible”可知，对于 样本故事中的机器人来说，最重要的是在最短的时间内拿到药品。] 8.What is the role of Quixote when the robot buys the medicine? A.Help the robot choose the right medicine. B.Give the robot specific instructions. C.Offer the robot a lot of rewards. D.Send out various signals. 答案　D　[推理判断题。由最后一段的“Quixote offers a reward signal for waiting in line and politely buying the medication and a punishment signal for taking it without permission”可知，在机器人买药的时候， Quixote 负责发出不同的暗示信号。] Ⅱ.七选五 (2018·济南市高三高考模拟)Steel is a hard metal that people use to make many different products.Car bodies，bridges，building frames ， and containers are just a few of the things made from steel.__1__ But steel is better than iron in many ways.Steel is stronger but lighter than iron.Steel also lasts longer than iron. __2__ Then they add carbon to the liquid iron.They may also add other materials to make different types of steel.For example，steel with added chromium (铬) is called stainless steel.It will not rust (生 锈) or stain.Finally，workers use machines to cool the liquid steel into bars or long sheets.__3__ People made the first steel as early as 1400 BC.Ancient people heated iron inside a pile of burning charcoal (木炭).__4__ The result was not the same as modern steel，but it was stronger than regular iron. In the 1800s people began to use huge ovens to make large amounts of steel.In the late 1800s builders used steel to make some of the first skyscrapers.__5__ In the 1900s new processes made steelmaking easier.Today steel remains one of the most popular building materials in the world. A.This added carbon to the iron. B.Steel is quite different from iron. C.To make steel，workers heat iron until it melts. D.Then they will be cooled and put on the market. E.Steel is basically iron mixed with a little carbon. F.The hardened steel may then be made into products. G.They also used steel to make large，modern bridges. 【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍钢的铸造及发展历史。 1.E　[由下文将钢与铁的特性做比较可知，E 项由钢引出铁符合此处 语境。] 2.C　[由下文的“to the liquid iron”可知，此处应该是说将铁熔化。] 3.F　[“The hardened steel”承接上文的“to cool the liquid steel”。] 4.A　[本段将古代铸钢技术与现代铸钢技术对比，从第二段中的“Then they add carbon to the liquid iron”可知，铁中加入碳能够提高硬度。] 5.G　[该空与上一句“In the late 1800s builders used steel to make some of the first skyscrapers.”并列，说明钢的多种用途。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2018·西安八校联考)It was about two in the morning when I returned home.I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell，but she was fast 1.________ (sleep)，so I got a ladder from the garden，put it against the wall ， and began climbing 2.________ the bedroom window.I was almost there 3.________ a sarcastic ( 讽 刺 的 ) voice below said，“I don’t think the windows need 4.________(clean) at this time of the night.”I looked down 5.________ (surprise)and nearly fell from the ladder when I saw a policeman.I immediately 6.________ (regret)answering in the way I did，but I said，“I enjoy cleaning 7.________ (window) at night.” “So do I，”answered he in the same tone.“Excuse 8.________ (I)for interrupting you.I hate to interrupt a man when he’s busy working，but would you mind coming with me to the station？” “Well，I’d prefer 9.________ (stay)here，”I said.“You see.I have forgotten my key.” Fortunately，10.________ shouting woke up my wife and she opened the window. 【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。我晚归喊不醒妻子开门，只好找 梯子试图爬进卧室；此时警察发现了我，要将我带回警局，幸亏妻子 被我们的吵闹声惊醒…… 1.asleep　[根据该句中的“wake up”“fast”和“so I got a ladder from the garden”可知，我的妻子睡得很熟。asleep 意为“睡着的”，符合文意。 注意：不能填 sleepy“困的，想睡觉的”，不符合语境。] 2.toward(s)/to　[根据语境可知，我在墙边架上梯子，朝卧室的窗子爬 去。toward(s)/to 意为“朝着……方向”。] 3.when　[我快要爬到那里时下面有人说话。when 意为“当……时候”。] 4.cleaning/to be cleaned　[need doing＝need to be done。此处表示这个 人说“我认为在晚上这个时候不需要擦窗”。] 5.surprisingly　[空处修饰动词短语 looked down，故用副词形式。] 6.regretted　[根据该句中的“did”“said”可知，这里陈述的是过去发生 的事情，故用一般过去时。] 7.windows　[根据上文中的“windows”可知，这里应用复数形式。] 8.me　[此处表示警察说“请原谅我打扰到你了”。excuse sb for doing sth 表示“原谅……”。] 9.to stay/staying　[我更愿意待在这里。prefer to do/doing sth 为固定搭 配，意为“更愿意做某事”。] 10.the　[该处特指我和警察的吵闹声，故用定冠词 the。]