高中英语Unit2RobotsSection练习新人教版选修7

高中英语Unit2RobotsSection练习新人教版选修7

Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language 课时作业 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He was appointed manager of our department，although he was junior to me.‎ ‎2．My companion rang me up stating he would take a plane bound for Lhasa.‎ ‎3．We all envied him his talent for art.‎ ‎4．He likes to talk big as if he took (take) charge of all the state affairs.‎ ‎5．In my opinion，environmental protection is a practical matter as well as a theoretical (theory) one.‎ ‎6．No matter how talented (talent) you are，you should study hard.‎ ‎7. It is his naughty brother who put the tortoise in the tank.‎ ‎8．The millionaire will never forget the days when his family had no access to food.‎ ‎9．Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking (think)．‎ ‎10．The questionnaire takes approximately fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment (assess) interview.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The train was delayed as result of fog. as后加a ‎2．I was 5 years junior than one of my brothers and 7 years younger than the other. ‎ 第一个than→to ‎3．To his great surprise，the house was in a mess as if broke into. broke→broken ‎4．The report is based facts. based后加on Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private espaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.‎ Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device (装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to 6‎ ‎ each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities，and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.‎ It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.‎ In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plasticlike parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了一种用智能键盘进行身份识别的技术。‎ ‎1．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?‎ A．To reduce pressure on keys.‎ B．To improve accuracy in typing.‎ C．To replace the password system.‎ D．To cut the cost of espace protection.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二句“At present, these technologies are still expensive，though.”可知，现有的生物识别技术价格昂贵。根据第二段的第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device (装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.”可知，同样能够保护私人电子空间的智能键盘成本较低，故选D。‎ ‎2．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?‎ A．Computers are much easier to operate.‎ B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.‎ C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.‎ D．Data security measures are guaranteed.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，智能键盘能够准确地测量人们打字的节奏和力度，而打字模式因人而异，因此，智能键盘通过分析用户的打字模式进行身份识别，故选C。‎ ‎3．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?‎ A．It'll be environmentfriendly.‎ 6‎ B．It'll reach consumers soon.‎ C．It'll be made of plastics.‎ D．It'll help speed up typing.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。‎ ‎4．Where is this text most likely from?‎ A．A diary.　　　　　　 B．A guidebook.‎ C．A novel. D．A magazine.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。本文是一篇科技类说明文，可能出自杂志。diary“日记”；guidebook“旅行指南”；novel“小说”；magazine“杂志”。故选D。‎ B A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly.The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new hightech systems.Designed to do what a fly does naturally，the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.‎ ‎“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件)，”said Robert Wood，the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade.A few years ago，his team got the goahead to start piecing together the components.“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own，”he said.‎ They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly.“The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components，each of which individually has to perform well，but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to，”said Wood.The flight device was built into a set of power，computation，sensing and control systems.Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.‎ While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small，offboard power source，the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source，so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites，in farmers' fields or on the battlefield.“Basically it should be able to take off，land and fly around，”he 6‎ ‎ said.‎ Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale.Yet，the power，sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions，you know，to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead，” he said.“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a daytoday basis.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了“Robotic Fly”，它能像真的苍蝇一样自然飞行，小小的翅膀能让它停在空中，表演各种飞行任务。‎ ‎5．According to the first paragraph，the robotic fly is ________.‎ A．larger than a fat housefly B．as large as a fat housefly C．smaller than a fat housefly D．as large as a butterfly 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly”可知选项B正确。‎ ‎6．The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that ________.‎ A．they had no model in their mind B．they did not have sufficient time C．they had no readymade components D．they could no assemble the components 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The added difficulty with a project like this is that...”可知，事实上那些元件没有一件能现货供应的，要理解“be off the shelf”的用法，所以选项C“they had no readymade components”是对本句的同义替换，故为正确答案。‎ ‎7．It can be inferred from Paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly ________.‎ A．consists of a flight device and a control system B．can just fly in limited areas at the present time C．can collect information from many sources D．has been put into wide application 解析：选B　推理判断题。题干要求在第三段和第四段来推测，纵观第三、四两段，尤其是第四段尾句“‘Basically it should be able to take off，land and fly around，’he 6‎ ‎ said.”可推断出，只有选项B“can just fly in limited areas at the present time”正确。‎ ‎8．Which of the following can be learned from the passage?‎ A．The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.‎ B．Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.‎ C．There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.‎ D．Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。文章末段的“to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead”告诉我们，这些机器人可以替代动物，故D项正确。但需要注意的是，说明文末段尤其带有转折关系的路标词往往是题眼所在。‎ Ⅳ.七选五 Secret codes (密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer.‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 1 Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 2 For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎ 3 You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Let's number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”．‎ A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. 4 For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 5 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ B．In any language，some letters are used more than others.‎ C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D．As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.‎ E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.‎ 6‎ F．With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。人们用密码传递信息已有几千年历史。设置密码与破解密码的斗争也是永久不变的话题。文中作者给我们介绍了三种主要类型的密码学，让我们一起来领略这门神秘科学的魅力吧！‎ ‎1．解析：选D　根据空前一句“人们使用密码已有几千年了”，空后又说“破解密码从不远远落后于设置密码”，由此语境可知选D项“只要有密码，人们就试图破解它们”。‎ ‎2．解析：选E　由空后举例中的“the first letters”可锁定E项中的“the first letters”。代入后，E项“你可以隐藏一条信息，通过每个单词的首字母来把它拼写出来”符合语境，故答案为E项。‎ ‎3．解析：选G　前一段作者说有三种主要类型的密码学并介绍了第一种，根据逻辑关系可推知，本段应介绍第二种，故锁定G项“Another way to...”。‎ ‎4．解析：选F　根据空前说“要读取真正代码的信息，你必须要有一个密码本”，由“a code book”可锁定F项中的“With a code book”。F项“有了密码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语境。‎ ‎5．解析：选A　分析语境可知，该空仍然在谈论密码本的事情，由此可锁定A项“没有密码本很难破解密码”，这与后一句“但是，长期保持密码本的秘密也很难”语意衔接紧密，可确定答案为A项。‎ 6‎