2019届二轮复习名词课件（43张）

2019届二轮复习名词课件（43张）

2019 届二轮复习名词 名词分为普通名词和专有名词， _________ 首字母要大写。 普通名词分为 ________ 名词和 ________ 名词， _________ 名词没有复数形式。 可数名词可分为 _______ 名词和 _______ 名词。如： _______( 风扇 ) ， _______( 教练 ) ， ________( 字典 ) ， ________( 父母 ) 等是个体名词，而 _______( 家庭 ) ， ________( 人们 ) ， _______ ( 人群 ) ， ________( 警方 ) ， _______( 班 ) 和 ________( 小组 ) 等是集体名词。 不可数名词又分为物质名词和 _______ 名词。 _______( 牛奶 ) ， _______( 面包 ) ， ________( 咖啡 ) 等是物质名词，而抽象名词包括 ________( 信心 ) ， _______ ( 勇气 ) ， ________ ( 骄傲 ) ， _________ ( 乐趣 ) _______( 注意力 ) ， _________ ( 想象力 ) 等。 专有名词 可数 不可数 不可数 个体 集体 fan coach dictionary parent family people crowd police class group 抽象 milk bread coffee confidence courage pride fun attention imagination 写出下列名词的复数形式： bus--- box--- dish--- coach--- stomach- family--- baby--- toy--- boy--- thief--- life--- wife--- wolf--- knife--- wolf--- photo--- radio--- hero--- tomato--- potato--- zoo--- child--- man--- woman--- foot--- goose--- tooth--- mouse--- 注意：以下的名词单复数同形 deer sheep fish means works Japanese 写出下列名词的复数形式： bus--- buses box--- boxes dish--- dishes coach---coaches( 教练 ) stomach--- stomachs( 胃 ) family--- families baby---babies toy--- toys boy--- boys thief--- thieves life--- lives wife--- wives wolf--- wolves knife--- knives leaf--- leaves photo--- photos radio--- radios hero---heroes tomato--- tomatoes potato--- potatoes zoo--- zoos child--- children man--- men woman--- women foot--- feet goose--- geese tooth--- teeth mouse--- mice 注意：以下的名词单复数同形 deer( 麋鹿 ) sheep fish means( 方式 ) works( 作品 ) Japanese 姓氏 +s 表示“一家人”或“两夫妇”，如： the Smiths 名词所有格： Mary’s dictionary at the barber’s 在理发店 two weeks’ holiday ten minutes’ speech Three hours’ drive China’s population the windows of this house a friend of my uncle’s 熟记下列易错的名词复数形式： stomachs 胃 Germans 德国人 beliefs 信念；信仰 roofs( 屋顶；房顶 ) proofs 证据 experience “ 经历”可数，而“经验”不可数 有些名词加了 s 后意义发生变化，如： manner 方式 manners 礼貌 work 工作 works 作品；工厂 custom 风俗 customs 海关 不可数名词前不可直接加数词修饰，而是采用量词词组。口头翻译以下的词组。 名词词组翻译： 1. 一杯水 2. 一瓶果汁 3. 一块肉 4. 两碗米饭 5. 四箱书 6. 两条裤子 7. 三公斤葡萄 8. 两包沙子 9. 一则新闻 a glass of water a bottle of juice a piece of meat two bowls of rice four boxes of books two pairs of trousers three kilos of grapes two bags of sand a piece of news 10. 一件家具 11. 一杯咖啡 12. 一块面包 13. 一张纸 14. 一支粉笔 15. 一副手套 16. 一双鞋子 17. 一桶水 18. 一 ( 大 ) 笔钱 a piece of furniture a cup of coffee a piece of bread a piece of paper a piece of chalk a pair of gloves a pair of shoes a bucket of water a (large) sum of money a large amount of money 1. 不可数名词与可数名词的转化。 ⑴ 表示种类时： various fruits/fishes 各种水果 / 鱼类 ⑵ 表示具体的事物时： a success( 一个成功人士 ) 。 ⑶ 表示“一场 / 段 / 件 ……” 时： a timely rain ( 一场及时雨 ) 。 补充： ⑷ 表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶” 的 tea ， coffee ， beer 等： two beers( 两杯啤酒 ) 。 ⑸ 表示不同意思时： room 房间 ( 可数 ) ；余地，空间 ( 不可数 ) 。 知识 knowledge 不可数，但是 have a good knowledge of 在 …… 知识丰富 成功 success 和失败 failure 通常不可数 Failure is the mother of success. 但是，作为“成功人士”时就可数 He is a success / failure as a businessman. 作为商人，他很成功 / 失败。 有些不可数名词无论什么情况下也没有复数形式，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词，可称作“绝对不可数名词”。例如： fun ， housework, homework, advice, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage 等。 注意： 以下的名词在英语中是不可数名词。 建议 面包 现金 衣物 设备 乐趣 家具 伤害 信息 信心 知识 运气 钱 消息 / 新闻 纸 进步 勇气 交通 旅行 麻烦 天气 工作 牛奶 水 沙子 行李 Put the following words into English. advice bread cash clothing furniture equipment fun harm information confidence knowledge luck money news paper progress courage traffic travel trouble weather work milk water sand luggage / baggage 2.of + use ， value ， help ， difference ， importance 等某些抽象名词，其含义 相当于对应的形容词 useful ， valuable ， helpful ， different ， important 在句中可 作定语，表语、补语等。 The book is of great use .(=The book is very useful.) 这本书很有用。 ( 表语 ) This is a book of great use . 这是一本非常有用的书。 ( 定语 ) I find the book of great use . 我觉得这本书非常有用。 ( 宾补 ) 3. 名词前的修饰语。 ⑴ several, (a) few , many, many a, a great/good many , a large number of , scores of, dozens of 等只能修饰可数名词；除 many a 后接单数可数名词外，其余要接复数名词。 ⑵ a bit of, (a) little( 少 ), much, a great deal of, a large amount of 等只能修饰不可数名词。 ⑶ some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, quantities of, masses of 等既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 名词也可以充当定语，如： 石桥 纸币 钻石项链 金牌 乡村音乐 城市生活 学校教育 健康杀手 stone bridge paper money diamond necklace gold medal country music city life school education city life health killer 灵活运用 一、完成句子 填入所给词的正确形式。 1.Two ________ (month) ago ， three ______ (hero) caught four _______ (thief). They made them plant some __________ (potato) and __________ (bamboo) in two ______(zoo). They also made their ________(wife) return the four big ______ (box) with some precious ________ (photo) and ________ (brush) in them. months heroes thieves potatoes bamboos zoos wives boxes photos brushes 2. Two _______________(editor-in-chief) ， three _____________(man teacher) and five _______ ________ (woman doctor) ， together with their _________ (child) ， went to the market. They decided to buy two ______ (sheep) ， three _____ (deer) ， four _______(ox) ， five ______ (goose) and six white _____ (mouse) with three ______ (foot) and six _______ (tooth). teeth editors-in-chief men teachers women doctors children sheep deer oxen geese mice feet 单句填空： Always remember to put such dangerous things as _______ (knife) out of children’s reach. 2. Dr. Smith is going to pull out one of my ______ (tooth). 3. In my opinion ， it is wrong to cheat in _____________(exam) because it breaks the rules of schools. 4. In my opinion ， no one agrees that a _______ (wealth) person without good health can be happy. So ， just do our best and keep fit. 单句填空 1. Always remember to put such dangerous things as _______ (knife) out of children’s reach. 1. 根据前面的 things 可知用复数，作介词 as 的宾语。 knives 2. Dr. Smith is going to pull out one of my ______ (tooth). 2. 因 one of 后面的名词一定是复数， tooth 的复数是 teeth 。 3. In my opinion ， it is wrong to cheat in _____________(exam) because it breaks the rules of schools. 3. 作介词 in 的宾语。 teeth examinations 4. In my opinion ， no one agrees that a _______ (wealth) person without good health can be happy. So ， just do our best and keep fit. 4. 在冠词与名词之间，用形容词作定语。 wealthy 5. On ______ (arrive), we began to work immediately. 6. Since “Life is a stage” ， we are actually all actors and ________ (act). 7. There are more visible changes in our gestures and facial ___________ (express). 8. Lang Lang is a world-class young ______ (piano) who grew up in Shenyang. 5. On ______ (arrive), we began to work immediately. 5. 作介词的宾语用名词形式。 6. Since “Life is a stage” ， we are actually all actors and ________ (act). 6. 由与之并列的 actors( 男演员 ) 可知填 actresses( 女演员 ) ，在句中作并列表语。 arrival actresses 7. There are more visible changes in our gestures and facial ___________ (express). 7. 前有形容词修饰，用名词，或者说，作介词 in 的宾语，用名词。 8. Lang Lang is a world-class young ______ (piano) who grew up in Shenyang. 8. 由其后的定语从句可知，空格处是先行词，且指人。 expressions pianist Fill in the blanks. 1. He received an __________ (invite) the other day but didn ’ t accept it. 2. The old teacher has rich experience in ____________ (translate). 3. She plays an active role in daily ___________ (active). 4. The sudden ________ (die) of the leader shocked and upset the whole nation. 5. The ___________ (mix) tasted terrible. 6. Never shall I forget your ____________ (kind). 7. After ____________ (graduate), he went to work as a teacher and then in a government office. translation invitation activities death mixture kindness graduation 8. This is a ___________(decide) made by the majority. 9. He lost his grandparents in his ___________ (child). 10. To our ____________ (satisfy), he managed to pass the driving test eventually. 11. He is one of the ____________ (survive) of the air crash. 12. It is of great ____________ (necessary) that we learn English well if we want to go to a fine university. 13. Nobody can enter my study without my ___________ (permit). 14. He seems to be in low __________ (spirit). Let ’ s go and cheer him up. decision childhood satisfaction survivors necessity permission spirits 四、单句改错 1. I have only been there a couple of time. 2. When you visit London, one of the first thing you will see is Big Ben. 3. Mr. Wang gave us some advices on how to remember English words. 4. I have no time to take exercise because I have a lot of homeworks to do. 5. This happened four and a half century ago. 四、单句改错 1. I have only been there a couple of time. 1. time→ times time 作“次”解是可数名词，而 a couple of 是“两，几”的意思，其后要接可数名词的复数形式。 2. When you visit London, one of the first thing you will see is Big Ben. 2. thing→ things 因 one of(…… 之一 ) 后面总是接复数可数名词的。 3. Mr. Wang gave us some advices on how to remember Englsih words. 3. advices→ advice 因 advice 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 4. I have no time to take exercise because I have a lot of homeworks to do. 4. homeworks→ homework 因为 homework 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 5. This happened four and a half century ago. 5. century→ centuries 意思是“四个半”世纪，超过一就要用复数，不要被 a half 迷惑。 四、单句改错 6. More care would insure you against making so much mistakes. 7. It’s about an hour drive from here to my office. 8. Li Ming, a three-years-old boy, is very lovely. 9. We are having dinner at my aunt tonight. 10. In our school, there is a new lab building with lots of teaching equipments in it. 6. More care would insure you against making so much mistakes. 6. much→ many 因为 much 是修饰不可数名词的，修饰可数名词 mistakes 要用 many 。 7. It’s about an hour drive from here to my office. hour→ hour’s 指开车“一个小时的”路程，故用所有格。 8. Li Ming, a three-years-old boy, is very lovely. years→ year 像 three-year-old 这类用连字符连接，在名词前作定语的名词，用单数。 9. We are having dinner at my aunt tonight. 9. aunt→ aunt’s 指到“我姨母的”家里吃饭。 at my aunt’s 相当于 at my aunt’s home 。 10. In our school, there is a new lab building with lots of teaching equipments in it. 10. equipments→ equipment 因为 equipment 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 9. We are having dinner at my aunt tonight. 9. aunt→ aunt’s 指到“我姨母的”家里吃饭。 at my aunt’s 相当于 at my aunt’s home 。 10. In our school, there is a new lab building with lots of teaching equipments in it. 10. equipments→ equipment 因为 equipment 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 他很忙，因为他每天都有很多工作要做。 2. 要是你想要提高口语，你就必须在早上大声朗读。 3. 尽管年迈，那个老人身体很健康。 4. 老师给了我一些关于如何提高书写的建议。 5. 这座桥是用石头做的。 6. 我们正在为明天的旅程做准备。 7. 警察正在校门口等他。 8. 她每个月都花费很多钱在衣物上面。 He is busy because he has much work to do every day. If you would like to improve your spoken English, you must read aloud in the morning. Though he is old, the old man is still in good health . My teacher gave me some advice on how to improve my handwriting . This bridge is made of stone. We are making preparations for the journey tomorrow. The police are waiting at the school gate for him. She spends a large sum of money on clothes each month. Thank you!!