最高考高考英语语法精讲精练 专题四 动词及动词词组常考点

最高考高考英语语法精讲精练 专题四 动词及动词词组常考点

专题四　动词及动词词组常考点 动词是英语中的核心词汇，要想学好英语，首先要掌握和熟练运用动词。要注重动词词汇的原始积累，要进行大量阅读，体会在不同语境下动词及其词组的不同含义。动词和动词词组在特定语境下的灵活运用是近几年英语高考的考查热点。‎ 　　考查常见动词的含义和熟词新义 ‎ ‎①考查常见动词的含义。如：achieve(获得)，attract(吸引)，adapt(适应；改编)，attach(依附)，behave(表现)，check(核对)，contain(容纳)，handle(处理)，threaten(威胁)等。‎ ‎②考查熟词新义。如：fail(衰弱)，cover(采访；够付；走过)；observe(庆祝；遵守)；push(逼迫)；save(省去)；stand(忍受；经得住)；tell(判断)等。‎ 根据所缺单词的首字母，写出单词的正确形式：‎ ‎①Lucy has a________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school.‎ ‎②One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to d________ healthy eating habits.‎ ‎③—How about eight o'clock outside the cinema?‎ ‎—That s________ me fine.‎ ‎④Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does s________ his boss.‎ ‎⑤Thousands of foreigners were a________ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.‎ ‎【答案】①achieved　②develop　③suits　④satisfies　⑤attracted 　　‎ 常接不定式作宾语的动词，如：expect，hesitate，manage等；常接动词－ing作宾语的动词，如：allow，enjoy，imagine，risk，suggest等；常接“间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构的及物动词，如：give，offer 等；连系动词，如：get，go，stay 等。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①He pretended________(read) when I came in.‎ ‎②If your race car isn't insured，you may risk ________(lose) everything when it hits something hard.‎ ‎③He managed _______(send) the tourists to the airport in time.‎ ‎④It is difficult to imagine his ________(accept) the decision without any consideration.‎ ‎⑤The parents suggested ________(sleep) in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.‎ ‎【答案】①to be reading　②losing　③to send　④accepting　⑤sleeping 　　‎ ‎“动词＋介词”结构，如：add to，ask for，call for，call on，depend on，do without，get over，get through，go over，lead to，live with，look into，make up，refer to，stick to等。‎ ‎“动词＋副词＋介词”结构，如：catch up with，come up with，end up with，get down to，go in for，hold on to，keep up with，live up to，look out for，look up to等。‎ 用适当的介词或副词填空：‎ ‎①We have to get________ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way.‎ ‎②Don't mention that at the beginning of the story，or it may give ________ the shocking ending.‎ ‎③We thought of selling this old furniture，but we've decided to hold on________ it. It might be valuable.‎ ‎④Can you make a sentence to bring________ the meaning of the phrase?‎ ‎⑤Helen always helps her mother even though going to school takes ________ most of her day.‎ ‎【答案】①in　②away　③to　④out　⑤up 　　‎ ‎“动词＋副词”结构，如：break down，break out，break up，come down，come out，get along，get away，get up，give out，give in，go by，go up，run out，look up，hold on，set out，turn out，work out 等。‎ ‎“动词＋副词(＋宾语)”或“动词(＋宾语)＋副词”结构，如：bring out，bring about，call up，carry on，carry out，cut off，figure out，leave behind，leave out，make out，make up，pick out，pick up，put away，put back，put out，put up，see off，set aside，set up，take down，take in，take up 等。‎ 从方框里选出适当的短语，并用其正确形式填空：‎ give out; set up; get together; fit in; turn over; take up; get in; build up; take in ‎①Practising Chinese Kung fu can not only ________ one's strength，but also develop one's character.‎ ‎②For all these years I have been working for others. I'm hoping I'll ________ my own business someday.‎ ‎③Don't be ________ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.‎ ‎④We're going to ________ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?‎ ‎⑤It's going to rain. Xiao Feng，will you please help me ________ the clothes on the line?‎ ‎⑥After studying in a medical college for five years，Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.‎ ‎⑦—What are you reading，Tom?‎ ‎—I'm not really reading，just ________ the pages.‎ ‎⑧Amy joined a painting group but didn't seem to ________，so she left.‎ ‎⑨The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was ________ on the radio yesterday.‎ ‎【答案】①build up　②set up　③taken in　④get together　⑤get in　⑥took up　⑦turning over　⑧fit in　⑨given out ‎【常用动词短语用法归纳】‎ ‎1. agree(双方)就某事达成共识 同意计划、建议、安排 同意(某人)；适应(某人)；符合 ‎2. check报到；登记；投宿旅馆 查明；结账；付款离开旅馆 核对，检验 ‎3. break脱离(政党等)，摆脱 突破；穿透 强行进入；插嘴 强行进入；突然＝ 折断；中断 (突然)爆发；突然＝ 坏了；(计划等)失败，垮了；分解 驱散；结束；分成……‎ ‎4. bring引起，造成 带回；使人想起 使降低 提出；将……提前 引进；赚进 拿出；阐明，显现出；发表；出版；生产 使提高；引起，使发生 抚养；呕吐；提出 ‎5. call拜访(某地)‎ 拜访(某人)；号召，呼吁 去接(某人/某物)；要求，需要 召来，请来 取消 (大声)喊叫 叫……回来；回电 打电话；使人想起；征召入伍 ‎6. cut切碎 剪下；删除；停止 切断；隔绝 插嘴 砍倒；削减 砍掉，切下 凿穿 使停止，中断 ‎7. carry随身携带 执行 继续 赢得，夺去(奖牌)；拿走 拿走，抢走；吸引住某人(常用被动)‎ ‎8. give赠送；泄露；错失(时机等)‎ 分发；发布；发出；用尽 散发出 放弃；把……献给 让步，妥协 ‎9. get完成；通过；接通(电话)‎ 进来；收获(庄稼)；插嘴 出去；脱身；停止(习惯等)‎ 下车；脱下来；离开 上车；进展；相处＝ 克服(困难等)；越过；复原 讲清楚；使人了解 到处走动；(消息)传开 聚集在一起；聚会 (从树上等)下来；取下，放下；写下；吞下 使某人气馁 开始认真处理某事 通过；设法过生活；勉强可用 ‎10. die(声音、光等)减弱、渐息 (声音、火、疼痛等)渐息 为……献身 死于……‎ 死于……‎ 绝种；(习惯等)消失 (家族等)相继死亡 ‎11. come偶然遇见/发现 赶快；进展；随同 用于祈使句，表示鼓励或催促 来到，达到；总计；谈到；苏醒 上升；被提出；从土中发芽 出来，(花)开；出版；明了；结果是 (纽扣等)脱落 物价跌落；下来 到达；袭击 回来；忆起……‎ 产生，发生 ‎ 达到，符合 想出；拿出 突然得……病 恢复知觉；再度出现 ‎12. go到处走动；传开；着手做……‎ 追赶；追求 违背 (时间)流逝 浏览；查看；经历(困难等)‎ 爆炸，(闹钟)响；进行(情况)‎ 研究；复习；搜查；视察 出去；熄灭 下落，下沉；下跌 上升；涨价 发生，进行；继续；流逝 喜欢；从事 喜欢；卖(多少钱)；努力得到 相配 没有……勉强支撑 ‎13. hold阻挡；控制；保留；抑制 等一下；不挂断；坚持住 抓住；不出让 举起；延误；支持 伸出；(食物等)维持 ‎14. show 炫耀 露面，出现 领某人参观 领某人出去 领某人进来 ‎15. knock 把……击倒 撞在……上；偶遇 将……撞翻 流浪；无目的旅行；虐待 ‎16. leave 忘记带；留下……‎ 不考虑；忽略掉 让……独自待着 停止；不再用 ‎17. keep抑制；扣除 使离开；不接近 继续下去 不使入内；不牵涉在内 保持；(士气等)不低落 不落在……的后面 遵守；不离开(位置、场所)‎ ‎18. pass过去；去世；消散 失去知觉 传递 传下来 穿过，通过；经历 从旁经过；不理会 不管；不追究 ‎19. look旁观 把……看作 回顾 四处环顾；参观 仰视；查阅；转好 尊敬 轻视 浏览；透过……看 检查；越过……看 调查；朝……里看 照顾 寻找；期待 当心；提防 注视；研究； ‎20. put推迟，延期；使失去兴趣 穿上；上演；播放；增加；打开 伸出；扑灭；生产；出版 接通电话；使经历(困难等)‎ 举起；建立；张贴；提出；住宿 忍受 提出；把……提前 放下；写下；镇压 收拾起来；储存；处理掉动物；把人送入监狱(精神病院)‎ 放在一边；储存；忽视 放还原处 放进；安装；插话 装配(零件等)；整理；综合 ‎21. hand交出 分发 移交(职位、任务等)‎ 传下来 ‎22. point指向 指着；瞄准(无礼貌)‎ 指出 ‎23. make朝……走去；有助于 组成；编造；弥补；和解；化妆 勉强分辨出；理解；填写；声称 ‎24. pay偿还；报复 还清；得到回报；成功；付清薪水解雇某人 付……钱 ‎25. pick捡起；好转；收听；接；获得；买到 分辨出；了解；选出 ‎26. let...使失望；放下 让……进入 ；放……出去；泄露 排放；放(枪、烟火等)‎ 放过某人；允许某人不做 ‎27. pull(车船)抵达 驶出；拔出；退出；撤退 拔起；使停下 拉下；拆毁 (匆匆)穿、戴 克服困难；脱离危险 ‎28. tear撕扯着 撕下；拆毁 扯掉 撕裂；撕毁(合同等)‎ ……忍痛离开 ‎29. try试穿、试戴 试验；试用；试演； ‎30. see...送行 照顾；处理；注意 ‎31. think考虑；熟虑 认为；考虑；想起(场景)；想到 (通过思考)想出；研究出 (突然)想出念头；设计出；发明 仔细考虑 ‎32. stand替代(某人)‎ 支持(主义等)；代表 反对；背靠……站立 支持，拥护(某人)；袖手旁观 突出；显眼 ‎33. take 取下；记下；拆除 把……误当作 起飞；脱去；成名 接受；承担；雇佣；呈现 接替，接管；继承 拿起；开始从事；占用；接下去 吸收；欺骗；在家接活；改小；收容 拿走；夺去 长得像或性格像 拿回；收回；退货 喜欢；沉迷于 ‎34. turn求助于……；查阅； 生产；关掉；结果是 打开(灯等)；取决于；袭击；使(某人)感兴趣 关掉；使(某人)厌烦 拒绝；调低 撵走，拒不接受；转过脸去 出现；调高 翻身；翻转； 上交 转身 ‎35. set着手做；出发；陈述 出发；引爆炸、燃放；引起(某种情绪)‎ 放下；记下 留出；抛弃(意见、习惯等)‎ 把(钟、表)往回拨；阻碍 设立；建立 着手做 (坏天气、冬天、疾病等)开始，发生，到来 ‎36. send派(人)去请/取 寄出；给……送行；派遣 发射 发出/寄出(通知等)‎ ‎37. ring打电话 回电话 挂断电话 ‎38. work致力于 从事(某具体事物)‎ 解决；计算出；结果；锻炼；拟订 ‎39. result导致 由……引起 ‎40. add增加；增添(抽象名词)‎ 把……加到……里 加起来 总计为 ‎41. live 以……为生 为……而活 靠……生活；靠(某人)供养 以……为主食；以……为生计；继续活着 活过 实践；配得上 与(某人)一起生活；忍受 ‎42. shut 停业；关闭(商店等)；停下(机器等)‎ 关掉(煤气等)；切断(交通等)‎ 紧紧关上(门窗等)；停业；关闭(商店等)；闭嘴 ‎1. (2014·江苏卷)—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. ‎ ‎—I see. I'll go right away and ________．‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A. pay him back B. pay him off C. put him away D. put him off ‎2. (2014·湖北卷)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ________ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.‎ A. slipped B. skied C. signalled D. sank ‎3. (2014·陕西卷)Ralph W. Emerson would always ________ new ideas that occurred to him.‎ A. set off B. set about C. set up D. set down ‎4. (2014·江苏卷)Top graduates from universities are ______ by major companies. ‎ A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated ‎5. (2014·浙江卷)How could you ________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? ‎ A. turn off B. turn in C. turn down D. turn to ‎6. (2013·江苏卷)Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.‎ A. get over B. look over C. take over D. come over ‎7. (2013·浙江卷)When the group discussion is reaching its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.‎ A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold ‎8. (2013·安徽卷)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ________ on their life journey.‎ A. give up B. settle down C. get through D. set off ‎9. (2013·湖北卷)According to the law，all foreigners have to ________ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.‎ A. associate B. dispute C. negotiate D. register ‎10. (2012·湖北卷)Two lawyers have donated $50，000 to ________ our school's ‎ campaign “Help the Needy”，which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.‎ A. sponsor B. launch C. organize D. play ‎【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. A　5. C　6. A　7. A　8. D ‎9. D　10. A ‎1. She ________ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.‎ A. picked out B. made out C. made up D. picked up ‎2. It's already 10 o'clock. I wonder how it ________ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.‎ A. came over 　B. came out 　C. came about 　　D. came up ‎3. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain，the visit to the village________ scenes of my childhood.‎ A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in ‎4. The computer system ________ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.‎ A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in ‎5. A truly creative person can tell the same story time after time and still ________ with fresh ideas.‎ A. come along 　B. come on 　C. come up 　D. come out ‎6. Jack must be worried about something. You can ________it from the look on his face.‎ A. regard B. recognize C. read D. realize ‎7. —The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.‎ ‎—Don't worry. We have already ________ two thirds of it.‎ A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away ‎8. Some insects ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.‎ A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out ‎9. His ideas of having weekly family meals together，which seemed difficult at first，has ______ good changes in their lives.‎ A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about ‎10. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ________ my father.‎ A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out ‎11. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ________ jokes.‎ A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up ‎12. —Will a pencil________？‎ ‎—I'm afraid not. Only a pen can be used in the exam.‎ A. count B. fit C. do D. satisfy ‎13. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was ________ from the outside world.‎ A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through ‎14. It was not a serious illness，and she soon ________ it.‎ A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of ‎15. Before the war broke out，many people ________ in safe places possessions they could not take with them.‎ A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away ‎16. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point，but the patient finally ________！‎ A. pulled out B. pulled through C. pulled up D. pulled over ‎17. We wanted to get home before dark，but it didn't quite ________ as planned.‎ A. make out 　B. turn out C. go on 　D. come up ‎18. It's ten years since the scientist ________ on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical.‎ A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up ‎19. —How are you getting on with your business?‎ ‎—I'm glad to say it is ________．‎ A. turning up B. taking up C. breaking up D. picking up ‎20. The new movie ________ to be one of the biggest money－makers of all time.‎ A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines ‎21. A good teacher never critizes his or her pupils but uses praise to ________ their best. ‎ A. bring out B. bring up C. bring in D. bring on ‎ ‎22. Combining advanced technology with scientific management can ________ an increase in production. ‎ A. make for B. make into C. make out D. make up ‎ ‎23. The train moved away slowly from the station, but ________ speed as it reached the open country. ‎ A. picked up B. looked up C. put up D. made up ‎ ‎24. You should take the part a good way of learning ________ in your studies into consideration. ‎ A. gives B. makes C. plays D. teaches ‎ ‎25. —Why was she unhappy yesterday?‎ ‎—A call from home ________ an attack of homesickness. ‎ A. set off B. set out C. set about D. set down ‎ ‎26. Though my mother's disease made me suffer a lot for two years, I used whatever means I could to ______ that difficult time. ‎ A. go out B. go over C. get across D. get through ‎ ‎27. Don't try to cheat on your income tax; you will never ________ it. ‎ A. get rid of B. catch up with C. get away with D. put up with ‎ ‎28. In the literature class, our teacher asked us to ________ all the words in the poem that suggest homesickness.‎ A. hold out B. pick out C. put out D. give out ‎29. With several rounds of talks, the union leaders successfully ______ an agreement for a shorter working week.‎ A. deserved B. negotiated C. persuaded D. demanded ‎30. —I think English grammar is the most difficult thing for me.‎ ‎—Don't let it ________ you ________. You'll make progress when you keep working on it.‎ A. get; down B. put; down C. pick; out D. wipe; out ‎ ‎【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. A　5. C　6. C　7. B　8. C ‎9. D　10. B　11. C　12. C　13. B　14. A　15. B　16. B ‎17. B　18. B　19. D　20. A　21. A　22. A　23. A　24. C　25. A　26. D　27. C　28. B　29. B　30. A