高考英语二轮复习状语从句学案

高考英语二轮复习状语从句学案

山东省高密市教科院 高三高考二轮复习英语《状语从句》‎ 高考考查重点：‎ ‎1. when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区 别；‎ ‎2. 名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句；‎ ‎3. before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法；‎ ‎4. although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法；‎ ‎5. 结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such… that” 的区别；‎ ‎6. 条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法；‎ ‎7. “疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法；‎ ‎8. in case引导的状语从句；‎ ‎9. where引导的状语从句；‎ ‎10. once引导的状语从句。‎ 高考例题 ‎【2012江苏卷】30. One's life has value one brings value to the life of others. 【答案】C A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that ‎【解析】as long as意为“只要”；so that意为“以便；因此”；no matter how意为“不管怎样”；except that意为“除了”。句意为：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。，根据题意，应选C项。‎ ‎【2012湖南】32. ____ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 【答案】A。‎ A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever ‎【解析】句意为：不管你如何（however）努力，如果你不减少食量是很难减肥的。复合句 让步状语从句 引导词however ‎ ‎【2012湖南】28. ____ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. While B. Once C. If D. Until ‎【解析】句意为：虽然我总觉得我考试能过关，但我从没想过我能得优。While常见含义有“虽然；然而，而；在……期间，当……时；趁着”等，此处为“虽然”之意。复合句 让步状语从句 引导词while 【答案】A ‎【2012重庆卷】30.—Coach, can I continue with the training? ‎ ‎—Sorry, you can’t ______you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.‎ A. until B. before C. to consider D. unless ‎【解析】短语语境表示“抱歉，你不能继续训练因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复。”由此可知，空白处后面为原因状语从句，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。【答案】 C ‎【2012山东卷】32. A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. when B. where C. before D. until ‎ ‎【解析】此处是where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。 句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。【答案】B ‎【2012山东卷】27. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though ‎【解析】此处是as引导这个时间状语从句，这里smile和apologize同时进行，as意为：当…‎ 的时候。句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。【答案】A ‎【2012福建卷】30. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union.‎ A. if B. unless C. because D. since ‎【解析】根据句意可知“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难”，只能选择unless“除非”才能使句意完整。考查状语从句的连词题事实上非常简单，只要找到句中的关键词，然后从句意上去排除就行了，本题关键词是hard和more financial support。【答案】B ‎【2012江西卷】31．You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast. A．unless B．even if C．in case D．as long as ‎【解析】句意为只要你保证不开得太快，你就可以把我的车借走。A.unless除非，B.even if即使，C.in case以防万一，D.as long as只要。选D。‎ ‎【2012辽宁卷】30. Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day. ‎ ‎ A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if ‎ ‎【解析】A项意为“只要”；B项意为“尽管”；C项意为“以防”；D项意为“好像”。根据句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。‎ ‎【2012四川卷】10. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ______ you are and wait for help.‎ A. why B. where C. who D. what ‎【解析】where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。故选B。‎ ‎【2012陕西卷】18. Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.‎ ‎ A. although B. as C. while D. however ‎【解析】此处hot是做从句的表语，提前说明从句时倒装，即as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形提到as之前，故选B。‎ ‎【2012陕西卷】25. All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.A. unless B. until C. once D. if ‎【解析】题干意思是：除过被标明的以外，书中其余所有的图片都可以追溯到20世纪50年代。所填词表条件，从句用了省略句，引导词意思是：除非，如果不。选A。‎ ‎【2012北京卷】21. —Look at those clouds!‎ ‎—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.‎ A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only ‎【答案】 A ‎【2012全国II】11. I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.A. when B. than C. until D. after ‎【解析】此题较易。只要辨认出固定句型hardly. . .when . . .问题即刻解决。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。【答案】A ‎【2012天津卷】 14.Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.【C】‎ ‎ A. while B. when C. where D. though ‎【2012全国新课程】25. I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.‎ A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless ‎【解析】句意：尽管我一定说你确实看起来熟悉，但我相信我们以前没见过面。根据句意只有although符合题意。【答案】B 语法讲解 ‎ 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。‎ 时间状语从句 When we lived in town we often went to the theatre.‎ After she got married, she changed completely.‎ We must strike while the iron is hot.‎ It was a long time before I got to sleep again.‎ As the sun rose the fog dispersed.‎ Tell him as soon as he arrives.‎ I haven’t heard from him since he left.‎ Whenever she had a cold, she ate only fruit.‎ You can keep the records as long as you like.‎ Once you have learned Spanish, you will find Italian easy.‎ 也有些特殊时间状语从句：‎ Now that we have decorated the house, we can move in.‎ Every time/Each time I listen to music I’ll think of it.‎ I came immediately you called.‎ The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.‎ I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrived.‎ Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.‎ The machine will start instantly you press the button.‎ Directly he uttered these words, there was a dead silence.‎ 有时从句中可省略一些词：‎ Often she would weep when (she was) alone.‎ He retained the consciousness of it while (he was) asleep.‎ Even as a boy he was hopeless at maths.‎ A friend is never known till needed.‎ Whenever possible, they should be typed.‎ Once over the pass you will see the town before you.‎ 注：在before, after, since之后可用名词或动名词，这时它们是介词。‎ 地点状语从句 地点状语从句主要由 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 等引起：‎ The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.‎ You can camp wherever you like these days.‎ I’ll take you anywhere you like.‎ Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.‎ 注：where可以有多种意义，除指地点外，还可指处境等，有许多灵活译法。‎ He said he was happy where he was. 他说他现在处境很愉快。‎ Where the money is, there is power. 有钱就有势。‎ It is your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。‎ The thread breaks where it is weakest. 线从最弱的地方断。‎ 方式状语从句 方式状语从句由as, like, as if/though引起。‎ I am as you can imagine short of money.‎ She can’t cook like her mother does.‎ I remember the whole thing as if/though it happened yesterday.‎ just as, much as也可引起这种状语从句：‎ Its swims above the sea floor just as its parents did.‎ They tried to cover the fact much as they did last year.‎ 注：(1) 这类从句也有词省略：‎ As expected, the movement rapidly spread.‎ She waited as though for a reply.‎ He glanced about as if in search of something.‎ ‎(2) 这种状语从句有时也可不用连词引起：‎ I can’t help seeing things the way they do.‎ She is behaving (in) the same way her elder sister used to.‎ The steak is cooked just how I like it.‎ 原因状语从句 ‎ He was angry because we were late.‎ As the soup was very salty, we were thirsty afterwards.‎ Since you are going, I will go.‎ in case, just in case也可引起原因状语从句:‎ He took a spoonful and tasted it in case it was hot.‎ She ought to come down just in case anything happened.‎ 注：(1)还有一些原因从句不带连词：‎ Seeing that it is ten o’clock, we shall not wait for her any longer.‎ Considering he’s only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.‎ ‎(2) 某些 “be+adj.”结构后的从句也表原因:‎ I’m glad (that) you’re been assigned a new job.‎ I’m sorry I haven’t done very well.‎ I’m disappointed that you cannot come.‎ He was ashamed that he had done such a thing.‎ 条件状语从句 ‎ If you do that I shall be very pleased.‎ Nobody will get anything unless they ask for it.‎ if 常可引起虚拟条件句：‎ If I could afford it, I would buy a car.‎ If anybody had asked me, I could have told them what happened.‎ if 或unless 后的从句都可有词省略：‎ If necessary, ring me at home.‎ He would never do this unless compelled.‎ 注：(1) 条件状语从句可由其他连词引起：‎ Supposing he can’t come, who will do the work?‎ She will go provided her friends can go also.‎ As long as you are happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.‎ Whether I agreed or not, the search would take place.‎ Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw?‎ ‎(2) 有时某些条件从句的连词if可以不用，而把语序加以倒装:‎ Were it all true (= If it were all true) , he would still not excuse their action.‎ Had they acted sooner, all this wouldn’t have happened.‎ Had he been here, he could have met my sister.‎ Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.‎ 让步状语从句 ‎ 主要由although, though, even though/if, while, whereas等词引起，表示“虽然”，“尽管”。‎ Although he had no qualifications he got the job.‎ Though he does it slowly, he does it very well.‎ They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.‎ While I did well in class, I was bad at games.‎ Some praise him, whereas others condemn him.‎ 还有一些其他的让步状语从句：‎ Much as l like Venice, I couldn’t live there.‎ However far it is, I intend to drive there today.‎ I will find her wherever she may be.‎ Whatever you may think, I’m going ahead with my plans.‎ No matter what happened, he would not say a word.‎ 目的状语从句 ‎ 主要由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等引起。‎ Let’s take the front seats that we may see more clearly.‎ I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.‎ They risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.‎ He didn’t dare to leave the house lest someone should recognize him.‎ I don’t let him go out in this weather in case he should catch cold.‎ I bought the car at once for fear (that) he might change his mind.‎ 有时也可用so或 so…that引起：‎ Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay?‎ We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.‎ 结果状语从句 ‎ 主要由so that, so…that, such…that等引起。口语中that可省。‎ We arrived early, so (that) we got good seats.‎ It was so dark that he couldn’t see the faces of his companies.‎ There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn’t go out.‎ So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. (倒装)‎ 有时可以otherwise, or else, else 引起从句，表示 “否则(会有什么后果)”：‎ She had intellect, otherwise she couldn’t have escaped these bad guys.‎ Hurry up or else you’ll be late.‎ Drink this; else you will be sick.‎ 比较状语从句 ‎ ‎ 主要由than和as引起：‎ You sing better than I do.‎ It is easier than I thought.‎ You know as much about that as I do.‎ 在很多情况下，从句中有些词可省略：‎ He has more time than me (I have).‎ He doesn’t work as hard as her (she does).‎ She was as interested in music as ever.‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. Tim is in good shape physically _____ he doesn’t get much exercise. ‎ ‎ (2010湖南)‎ A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as ‎ ‎2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. (2010山东)‎ A. once B. when C. if D. unless ‎3. ______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.‎ ‎(2010上海) A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem ‎4. A small car is big enough for a family of three ______ you need more space for baggage. (2010全国)‎ A. once             B. because             C. if             D. unless ‎5. John thinks it won’t be long ____ he is ready for his new job. (2010陕西) A.when B. after C. before D. Since ‎6. Today, we will begin _______we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. (2010重庆)‎ A. when B. where C. how D. what ‎7. She had just finished her homework ____ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. (2009福建)‎ A. when B. while C. after D. since ‎8. My parents don’t mind what job I do ____ I am happy. (2009陕西)‎ A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though ‎9. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. (2009上海)‎ A. before B. if C. while D. as ‎10. All the dishes in this menu, ________ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. (2009全国)‎ A. as B. if C. though D. unless ‎11. _____ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. (2009江苏)‎ A. Before             B. Where           C. Unless            D. Until ‎12. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _____ she was and wait for her mother. (2009山东)‎ A. where B. what C. how D. who ‎13. Peter was so excited _____ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. (2009重庆)‎ A. where        B. that C. why          D. when ‎14. _____ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. (2009湖南)‎ A. Although   B. As long as  C. If only   D. As soon as ‎15. Owen wouldn’t eat anything ______ he cooked it himself. (2009四川)‎ A. until            B. since             C. unless          D. while ‎16. The medicine works more effectively _____ you drink some hot water after taking it. (2009浙江)A.as          B. until         C. although     D. if ‎17. 1. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ____ it comes out on DVD. (2011上海)‎ A. ‎ whether B. after C. though D. until ‎18.. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you. (2011江西)‎ A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever ‎19. Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up. (2011江西)‎ A.whether B. although C. for D. so ‎20. He had his camera ready _____ he saw something that would make a good ‎ ‎ picture. (2011山东)‎ A. ‎ even if B. if only C. in case D. so that 翻译 1. You’d better take a pen when you go to the meeting ___________________‎ ‎ . (以免有什么重要内容需要记下)‎ ‎2. — Could I take a few days’ leave, sir?‎ ‎ — I’m afraid you can’t _______________________. (除非你做完工作)‎ ‎3. (尽管有许多种不同种类的食物) __________________________________, some animals spend their lives eating only one type.‎ ‎4. Lisa and Mary will go to Phoenix for a visit on behalf of all middle school students of New York, so ________________________.‎ ‎ (我们过很长时间之后才能再见到她们)‎ ‎5. ________________________________________ (尽管他是我最不想见到的人), I did all I could to help him.‎ ‎6. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early __________________________________. (这样我便有时间喝杯茶)‎ ‎7. No matter how many adults use the language, _________________________, (如果它不能传给下一代) it cannot survive. ‎ ‎8. If you want to do the experiment again, __________________________. (最好在你犯错误的地方多小心一点)‎ ‎9. ________________________________, (尽管我们承认这个考试依然有问题) we don’t mean that it is of no use.‎ ‎10. Some students don’t know this language point _________________.‎ ‎ (就好像我没有讲过一样)‎