中考英语语法系列复习专题名词

中考英语语法系列复习专题名词

语法系列复习专题一-----名词 ‎ 名词的分类 ‎ 专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,‎ China‎,Bill Clinton,Red Cross ‎ 个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student,book 名 普 可数名词 ‎ 词 通 集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family,school,‎ ‎ group, people 名 ‎ 词 不可数名词 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea ‎ 抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如 :work，happiness,news ‎ 2．名词的复数 ‎ 可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下：‎ 1） 绝大多数在词尾加s。如： book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.‎ ‎ 2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。如：‎ ‎ watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;‎ ‎ 下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo ‎ 3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families;‎ ‎ 以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys 4） 以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v，再加es构成复数形式，如：leaf,leaves;‎ ‎ wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数，常见的有： ‎ ‎ roof,chief,belief,gulf等。个别的两种方式都可以，如： handkerchief,’s,handkerchieves ‎ 5）少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记：‎ ‎ man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;‎ ‎ tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice ‎ 少数名词的单、复数形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注： ‎ ‎ fishes表不同种类的鱼)‎ ‎6）复合名词：‎ A.含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。如：two men teachers, ‎ four women doctors ‎ ‎ B.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如：‎ ‎ lookers-on旁观者，editors-in-chief总编辑, passers-by过路人 ‎ C.如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。如：‎ ‎ grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中间人 ‎7）以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,glasses眼镜，scales天平，savings储蓄，‎ ‎ findings 调查结果， doings行为，surroundings环境，arms武器，fireworks ‎ ‎ 烟火，remains残余，thanks感谢，riches财富，ashes灰烬 ，stairs 楼梯 ‎ 8）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。例如：‎ ‎ take pains下功夫,made preparations作准备，give regards to 问候 ‎2.名词的所有格 ‎1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’s bike,‎ ‎ Marx’s works ‎ 以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加“’”或“’s”。如：Engels’/Engels’s works ‎ 以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。如：students’ homework,a workers’ night ‎ ‎ school 一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。如：men’s clothes ‎ 男士衣服 children’s books 儿童读物 2） 如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。例如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间 3） 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。‎ ‎ 如：the tailor’s 裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所， ‎ ‎ at my uncle's在我叔叔家 4） 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示 所有格。如：today’s newspaper,half an hour’s rest,two weeks’ work,ten minutes′walk,China’s population,Shanghai’s industry 5） 表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。如：‎ the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 2‎ 6） 表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系。例如：‎ He is an old friend of my father’s. This is a picture of Mary’s.‎ 考点分析 1． He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers ‎ ‎ A.wealth; work B.wealths; works C.weaths;work D.wealth ;works 析：此题答案D。因为wealth 是不可数名词故可排除B、C两个选项;work既可作不 可数名词表“工作”意，又可作可数名词表“作品”意，常用复数形式。根据题目意思，此处work应作可数名词用，于是又可排除A。‎ ‎ 2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in ______ ‎ ‎ international trade today.‎ ‎ A.a; × B.the ; an C.the ;the D.×;the ‎ 析：knowledge 是抽象名词，一般不与不定冠词连用，但指具体“一门学问”或“一 门学问的掌握了解”可与不定冠词连用，这可称之为抽象名词具体化。类例如：a strong character 坚强的性格；a bright future 光明前途；a waste of time 浪费时间；a pressure on sb.对某人的压力；have a good time玩得痛快；He is a failure /a success as a leader 他当领导不行/很出色。抽象名词不与冠词连用是泛指一般概念、意义。如：what fun! fine weather ;common knowledge 常识；Knowledge begins with practice.foreign trade.因此international trade前不用冠词。‎ ‎ 由以上两点可确定答案为A。‎ ‎3.Oh, John _____you gave us !‎ ‎ A.How a great surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise 析：正确答案为C。“a/an＋形容词＋抽象名词”是抽象名词具体化的常见形式。又如：‎ an advanced culture 一种先进文化；a great interest 极大的兴趣；do him a good kindness帮了他一个大忙。‎ ‎ 4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .‎ ‎ A.glass wine B.wine glass C.wine’s glass D.glass of wine 析：根据broke一词及四个选项，可确定空白处应选“酒杯”故可排除A、D；C不是表达“酒杯”的正确形式，只有B才是正确答案。英语中用名词作定语修饰名词的情况很多，这些作定语用的名词可表①分类意义②表时间、地点、称呼③表目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义。‎ ① 例： woman driver ,telephone number ,school education ,research work ,coffee cup ,English teacher ,air pollution ‎ ② 例：book store ,winter sleep ,country life ,college student ,South China ‎ ③例：milk bottle ,steam boat ,goat skin ,stone wall ,gas station ,lunch room ,tooth brush ‎5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these days!‎ ‎ A.What B.What a C.How D.How a ‎ ‎ 析：这是一个感叹句，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，what修饰名词。weather是不可数名词，其前不可加不定冠词a。因此这题正确答案是A。‎ ‎6.Shortly after the accident ,two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order .‎ ‎ A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozens’ of D.dozen ‎ 析： 正确答案是D。dozen, score ,hundred, thousand ,million等名词前面有数词或many ,several等词，且表示具体数目时，这些名词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中却加S，并与of连用:dozens of (许多的)，scores of (好几十的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of （数百万的）‎ ‎7.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible .Just have a little ______.‎ ‎ A.wait B.time C.patience D.rest ‎ 析：由题干第一句意“我会尽快调查那件事”，可知下句是要对方不要着急，故答案应为C。这是由情景，语境确定答案题目。‎ ‎8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _________.‎ ‎ A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice 析：答案为A。道理同第7题。‎ 专题练习 ‎1._________from Beijing to London!‎ A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is ‎ ‎2.We’ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into________.‎ ‎ A.fact B.practice C.reality D.deed ‎ ‎3.Electrcity , like other forms of ________ ,has greatly increased in price.‎ ‎ A.pressure B.force C.strength D.energy ‎4．That fellow is clever ; he has ___________.‎ ‎ A.brain B.a brain C.the brain D.brains ‎5.Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.‎ ‎ A.shoes store B.shoe’s store C.shoe store D.shoes’ store ‎ ‎6.Those ______ took lots of ______ in the Summer‎ ‎Palace.‎ ‎ A.Germen; photoes B.Germen; photos ‎ C.Germans; photos D.Germans; photoes ‎7.All possible means __________ to save the hero.‎ ‎ A.has tried B.have tried C.has been tried D.have been tried ‎8.——Whose car is it ?‎ ‎ ——It’s________.‎ ‎ A.Tom and Mary B.Tom’s and Mary’s ‎ C.Tom’s and Mary D.Tom and Mary’s ‎9.There are 5____ in th fields.‎ ‎ A.heads of cattles B.heads of cattle ‎ C.head of cattles D.head of cattle ‎ ‎10.He is the very thief the police ________ looking for .‎ ‎ A.is B.are C.has D.have ‎11.All but Jack __________ here just now .‎ ‎ A.is B.are C.was D.were ‎ ‎12.He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many _________.‎ ‎ A.knowleges B.presents C.gifts D.rewards ‎13.Carelessness is the usual __________ of fire.‎ ‎ A.way B.excuse C.cause D.reason ‎14.The girl is quite ________to her mother now .‎ ‎ A.a help B.helps C.help D.helpness ‎15._______is coming to give us a lecture .‎ ‎ A.A manager and an expert B.A manager and expert ‎ ‎ C.Manager and expert D.Manager and an expert ‎16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of __________.‎ ‎ A.stone B.the stone C.a stone D.the stones ‎17.If you hurt her _________ ,you should apologize.‎ ‎ A.feelings B.feel C.feels D.feeling ‎18.I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.‎ ‎ A.the doctor B.the Smiths C.Smith D.my uncle’s ‎19.The shop will be closed during_________.‎ ‎ A.repairs B.a repair C.repair D.repairing ‎20.The________we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while. ‎ ‎ A.mouse B.deer C.dog D.cow ‎21.My brother didn’t find army life to his __________.‎ ‎ A.like B.taste C.quality D.favour ‎22.Though they hadn’t met for long ,he recognized her ___________.‎ ‎ A.voice B.noise C.sound D.laughter ‎23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _______.‎ ‎ A.the high spirit B.high spirits ‎ ‎ C.a high spirit D.high spirit ‎24.After _______ silence ,they began to write letters to each other .‎ ‎ A.three-year B.a three-year C.three years D.three years's ‎25.If these trousers are too big ,buy a smaller__________.‎ ‎ A.copy B.pair C.piece D.set ‎ ‎26.That daughter of Jack’s is ______.‎ ‎ A.a good fun B.good runs C.good fun D.good funny ‎27._______will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(93年上海高考题)‎ ‎ A.The Evenses’ B.The Evens’ C.The Evenses D.The Evens ‎28.He is one of the most successful_______ in the city.‎ ‎ A.newspaper’s writer B.newspaper writers ‎ C.nesapapers’ writer D.newspaper writer ‎29.——Where is your brother?‎ ‎ ——At_____.‎ ‎ A.Mr Green’s B.Greens C.the Mr Green’s D.the Greens ‎30.——Are you _______ ,Mr Black?‎ ‎ ——Yes ,I speak______.‎ ‎ A.English ; the English language B.the English ; English ‎ C.an Englishman; on English language D.an English ; English 答 案 ‎ 1－5 D B D D C 6－10 C D D D B ‎ 11－15 D C C A B 16－20 A A D A B ‎ 21－25 B A B B B 26－30 C C B A A