2011中考英语总复习非谓语动词考点

2011中考英语总复习非谓语动词考点

‎ 个 性 化 辅 导 教 案 授课时间： ‎ 备课时间： ‎ 年级：初三 科目：英语 学生姓名：‎ 课题：非谓语动词 老师姓名：赖细梅 教学目标 ‎1.掌握非谓语动词在用法方面的区别 ‎2. 掌握动名词与不定式的用法与考点 重点难点 ‎1.动词用动名词和不定式作宾语的差别 ‎2.it句型 教 学 内 容 非谓语动词 一．考点分析 非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容，主要集中在对动词不定式和动名词的考查 二．知识点归纳和总结 ‎1. 非谓语动词的概说 1) 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。‎ 它不受人称和数的限制。‎ 非谓语动词分为三种形式:‎ 不定式，动名词（有称V-ing形式），和分词（现在分词和过去分词）‎ 中考主要考查动词不定式和动名词。‎ 2) 动词不定式：to+动词原形 否定形式：not to +动词原形 ‎ 动名词:具有动词和名词的特征 动词原形+V-ing ‎ 现在分词：具有动词，形容词和副词的特征，表主动的意思 动词原形+V-ing 过去分词：具有动词，形容词和副词的特征，表被动的意思 动词原形+ed eg:interesting有趣的，使人感兴趣的 interested 对…感兴趣 ‎2.三种非谓语动词在用法方面的区别 1) 不定式和动名词作主语的区别 A. 动名词作主语常表示一般或抽象的行为；‎ 不定式作主语常表示具体的或一次性的动作。Eg:‎ Collecting stamps is fun (一般)‎ It is difficult to play this game.( 具体的,一次性的动作)‎ A. 动名词作主语常表示一件已知的事或经验; ‎ 不定式作主语常表示目的或一件未完成的事。Eg:‎ Skating is very interesting. ( 经验 )‎ He hopes to become a university student this year.‎ B. 动名词和不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（动名词或不定式）后置，但翻译时不必把it译出来。Eg:‎ It is easy to ride a bike.‎ It is no use waiting here.‎ C. 在It is no use (good), not any use (good),useless等后一般用动名词。Eg:‎ It is no good learning English without practice.‎ 2) 动名词和不定式作宾语对动词的不同要求 A. 要求接不定式作宾语的动词：agree, want, hope, decide, learn, happen, plan B. 要求接动名词作宾语的动词：miss,suggest,be busy,mind, keep, enjoy, can’t help, feel like, finish, practise C. 可接带to的不定式作宾语不足语，从而构成“动词+宾语+动词不定式”的结构的动词是：ask, tell, invite, order, want, beg, advise, encourage D. 可接不带to的不定式作宾语不足语的动词是： make, let, have E. ‎ 有些动词用动名词和不定式作宾语有差别 1. forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 （未做）‎ forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）‎ The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.‎ 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)‎ He forgot turning the light off. ‎ 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)‎ Don't forget to come tomorrow.‎ 别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)‎ 典型例题 ‎---- The light in the office is still on.‎ ‎---- Oh，I forgot___.‎ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.‎ 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意 1. remember to do sth. 记住去做某事（未做）‎ ‎ remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）‎ Remember to go to the post office after school.‎ 记着放学后去趟邮局。‎ Don't you remember seeing the man before? ‎ 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?‎ 2. stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 ‎ stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。‎ I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。‎ 典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path.‎ A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。‎ 1. regret to do sth. 对尚未做的事或正在做的事表示遗憾 ‎ regret doing sth. 对做过的事表示后悔 I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.‎ 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。‎ I don't regret telling her what I thought.‎ 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。‎ 2. go on to do sth. 继续做另外一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做没做完的事。‎ After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.‎ 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。‎ Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.‎ 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 3. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 试着去做某事 You must try to be more careful.‎ 你可要多加小心。‎ I tried gardening but didn't succeed.‎ 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。‎ 4. like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具体动作 like doing sth. 表示习惯性动作 ‎（类似的还有love,hate）‎ ‎8. begin / start to do sth ‎ begin / start doing sth.‎ ‎1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.‎ How old were you when you first started playing the piano?‎ 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？‎ ‎2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。‎ 我开始生起气来。‎ ‎3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 ‎ I begin to understand the truth。‎ 我开始明白真相。‎ ‎4)物作主语时 It began to melt.‎ ‎9. 感官动词 + doing/to do 感官动词 see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.‎ 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)‎ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. ‎ 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）‎ 典型例题 ‎1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.‎ A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。‎ ‎2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.‎ A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型 A. 下列短语中的“to”是介词，后面须接名词或动名词：‎ look forward to (盼望)‎ pay attention to (注意 be used to (习惯于) ‎ prefer…to…(更喜欢)‎ B. 在宾语从句中：疑问词+不定式 ‎1). _________ is not decided ‎ A .When starts B. When to start C. When starting D. When start .‎ ‎ 2). It’s a question _________with the old car .‎ A. what to do B. what do C. how to do D. how do ‎ ‎   3.) I don’t know ________ or not .‎ A. whether go B. whether to go C. whether goes D. whether going ‎ ‎4.) John knows _______ a computer . ‎ A. how to use B. how use C. how uses D. how to using H：to 的省略 Ex1. My parents made me work for 2hours this afternoon . (改为被动态)‎ I ___________________work for 2hours by my parents this afternoon . ‎ Ex2. ‎ ‎(1) A boy was seen _______in the street at this time yesterday . ‎ A.to cry B. crying ‎ ‎(2) A boy was seen _______the windows yesterday .‎ A. to break B. breaking ‎ 归纳: make /have/ let sb. do sth. 三个使役动词 主动态时省略了to,被动态时要加上to; 类似的还有三个感观动词 see / watch/ hear sb. do sth. 但要注意的是, 这三个感观动词还可以接 sb. doing sth. 的结构, 请注意判断. 只有接do sth. 的时候,才要在被动态中加上to。‎ I.某些固定结构接不带to的不定式构成谓语的用法（记词组）‎ ‎1. You’d better _______a bus .‎ A.     to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching ‎2. As you aren’t feeling well , you’d better _____to school . ‎ A. not go B. not to go C. not have D. not to have ‎3.  You must _______now .‎ A. to go B. going C. goes D. go ‎4. Why not _____ boating ?‎ A.     to go B. go C. going D. goes ‎ ‎5.  Why ________ off the light ?‎ A.     to turn B. turn C. turned D. turns ‎6. Will you please _______ it again more slowly ?‎ A. to say B. saying C. say D. says 归纳：had better , Why (not)…, Will you please … ,would rather…‎ 以及情态动词后 ‎ ‎ J. it句型 it句型是初中英语中使用频率较多的重点句型之一，为了便于中考复习，现将常见有关it的主要句式归纳如下：‎ ‎1.“It is time for……”表示“是……时候了”。‎ 句中介词for后接名词或代词作宾语。‎ 如：It’s time for school.是上学的时候了。‎ ‎“It’s time to do sth.”表示“是做某事的时候了”。此句常与上句替换使用。‎ 如：It is time for us to have lunch.=It is time for our lunch.是我们吃午饭的时候了。‎ ‎2.在“It seems……”句中，seem是不及物动词，常作系动词用，有“好像、似乎”的意思，后面可跟动词不定式、形容词作表语，也可跟从句。‎ 如：It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter.看来没有人知道这件事。‎ ‎3.“It’s one’s turn to do sth.” 表示“轮到某人做某事了”。‎ 如：It’s your turn to play ping-pong.该轮到你打乒乓球了。‎ ‎4.“It is+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事怎么样”。其中it作形式主语，代替后面的不定式to do sth.(真正主语)。 ‎ 如：It is easy to speak English. 说英语很容易。‎ ‎“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”。这种结构中的形容词常常是easy，difficult，hard，important，necessary，quick等，这些形容词常与事物的特征有关。‎ 如：It is quite difficult for us to find out who broke the windows.‎ 对我们来说，查明是谁打破了窗户是相当难的。‎ ‎“It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.”表示“某人做某事怎样”‎ ‎。这种结构中的形容词常常是：good，kind，nice，wrong，clever等，这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关。‎ 如：It is very nice of you to help me find my bike.‎ 你帮我找到了自行车真是太好了。‎ ‎5.“sb. thinks it+形容词(for sb.)+to do sth.”中的it是形式宾语，后面的动词不定式是真正宾语，形容词在句中充当宾语(it)的补足语，运用于这种句式的谓语动词有：think，find，believe，feel等。‎ 如：He found it very important for the students to learn English well.‎ 他发现对于学生来说学好英语很重要。‎ ‎6.“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”表示“某人花费多少时间做某事”。其中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的to do sth.。> ‎ 如：It takes me about half an hour to walk to school every day.‎ 我每天花费大约半小时步行去上学。‎ 三．巩固练习 ‎1.It took Alice and me an hour _________ out the problem.‎ A. to work B. working C.work D.for working. 2.I found it very important ______ English well.‎ A. learning B. learn C. to learn D.learned 3.It's very nice ______ you to _______ me about it.‎ A.  for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D.of; tell ‎4 It's time ___ to school now. A. for us to go B. to us to go C. for us going D. to us going 5 They said they really didn't know _______‎ ‎ A. what they shall do . B. do what C. to what do D. what to do 6 Will you please ___ smoke here? A. not to B. not C. to not D. don't 7 Mother told Tom ____on the wall. A. don't draw B. didn't draw C. not draw D. not to draw 8 -I didn't hear you come in last night. -That's good. We tried___noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be ‎9 Mike needed a friend ___ him last week.‎ A. to help B. helping C. help D. helped ‎ ‎10 Jack gives me a piece of paper___. A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in 11 The room is too small ___ so many people. A. holding B. to hold C. held D. to be held 12 We have studied English for more than two hours. Let's stop___ a rest. A. having B. have C. to have D. to having 13 We stopped___, but there was no sound. A. hearing B. to listen C. listening D. to hear 14 When we saw what he did, we couldn't help___. ‎ A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh 15 We had nothing to do but ___ him the bad news. A. to tell B. tell C. telling D. told 16 His not ___ made us ‎ worried. A. come B. came C. to come D. coming 17 ___ books ___ good to the young man. A. Reading; are B. To read; are C. Reading; is D. Read; is 18 Has your father given up ___ yet? A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. to smoking 19 Would you mind ___ the window? A. me opening B. my opening C. mine opening D. I open ‎ ‎20 She really felt like ___ a walk in such a fine day. A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes 21 My radio needs___. A. be mended o B. to be mended C. mend D. mended 22 The garden is worth___. A. rebuilt B. rebuilting C. to rebuild D. be rebuilt 23 My mother always stopped me from ___ in the evening. ‎ A. watch TV B. to watch TV C. watches TV D. watching TV ‎24 He left without ___ any message. A. leave B. to leave C. left D. leaving 25 I'm sorry I've kept you___ for so long. A. waited B. to wait C. wait D. waiting 26 When I came into the classroom, I saw Liu Yang___ on the blackboard. A. drawing B. to draw C. drew D. draws ‎27 A lot of good land has gone with them, ____ only sand. A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. leaves ‎ ‎ 28 -Something is wrong with your bike. Are you going to repair it yourself? -______________________‎ A. No, I will repair it B. Yes, I have him repair it ‎ C. Yes, I have it repaired D. No, I have him repaired it 29 The stone is too heavy, please have it___. A. remove B. removing C. removed D. to remove 30 He always makes faces to make others___. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laugh at ‎ 复习及作业 ‎1. I usually forget ____ the light, but I remember ____ it when I left this morning.‎ A. turning off, turning off B. to turn off, to turn off ‎ C. turning off, to turn off D. to turn off, turning off ‎2. Thank you for _____ me _____ some tickets.‎ A. to help, to get B. to help, getting C. helping, to get D. helping, getting ‎3. The old man is strong enough _____ in such cold weather.‎ A. to swim B. swimming ‎ ‎ C. have a swim D. going swimming ‎4. Look, Can you see a little boy _____ up the ladder? Let’s ____ and ____ it.‎ A. climb, go, to hold B. climbs, to go, hold C. climbing, go, hold D. to climb, going, holding ‎5. I am feeling cold. Do you mind ____________ the window ?‎ ‎ A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed ‎6. When the police came in , they found the sick man __________ on the ground.‎ ‎ A. lie B. to lie C. laying D. lying ‎7. Do you enjoy____ friends with foreigners and practise _____ English with them?‎ A. to make, to speak B. making, speaking C. to make, speaking D. making, to speak ‎8. I’d like ______ watch TV at home. You’d better ______ with us.‎ A. to watch, to stay B. to watch, stay C. watching, to stay D. watching, stay ‎9. Last week, Sally and I went _______ together.‎ ‎ A. to fish B. fishing C. fished D. fish ‎10. It usually take me two hours _____ my homework, but yesterday I spent over 3 hours _____ it.‎ ‎ A. to finfish, to do B. finishing, doing ‎ C. finishing, to finish doing D. to finish, finishing doing ‎11. Do you feel _________ a walk in the garden?‎ ‎ A having B. to having ‎ C .like having a talk D to have talk ‎12. My mother is busy ______some cooking now.‎ A. do B. to do C. doing D. does ‎13. Mr Brown asked Tom _____ keep ______ the same mistake.‎ A. not to, making B. not, to make ‎ C. not to, to make D. not, making ‎14. --- Have you finished _____ the magazine?‎ ‎--- Not yet. I’ll try ______ it to you before Friday.‎ A. reading, returning B. to read, to return C. reading, to return D. to read, returning ‎15. It’s too dark in the room ______ .‎ ‎ A. to see nobody B. not to see everything ‎ C. not to see anything D. to see anything ‎16. _____ is very important ____ us _____ learn English well.‎ ‎ A. It, for, to B. That, for, to C. It, to,/ D. That, to, /‎ ‎17. Every morning, Mrs White makes Tom ____ exercise. Now Tom is made_____ with his father.‎ ‎ A. taking, running B. to take, to run ‎ C. take, to run D. to take, run ‎18. The boy made faces just _____ the others _____.‎ ‎ A. to make, laugh B. making, to laugh ‎ ‎ C. make, to laugh D. make, laugh ‎19. The man in a black hat was noticed ____ out of the building and ____ on a bus.‎ ‎ A. to go, get B. to go, got C. go, get D. going, got ‎20. You don’t look well. Why _____ to see the doctor. ‎ ‎ A. not to go B. you not go C. not go D. not going ‎21. She didn’t use to ______ in the south. She is now used to ____ in Guangzhou.‎ ‎ A. stay, live B. stay, living C. staying, living D. staying, live ‎22. I have several books _________.‎ ‎ A. reading B. read C. to read D. reads ‎23. Sally didn’t know ___________.‎ ‎ A. to buy what B. to buy which ‎ C. where to buy D. which to buy ‎24. When they came to the forest, they heard somebody _______ for help.‎ ‎ A. call B. calling C. to call D. calls ‎25. My watch is broken. I will ____________ tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. have repaired it B. have it repaired ‎ ‎ C. have it to repaired D. repair it ‎ ‎26. She couldn’t help _________ after she heard the news.‎ ‎ A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cried ‎27. It is difficult _______the thief because it is very clever__________. ‎ ‎ A. for you to catch , of the thief to run away ‎ B. of you catching , for the thief running away ‎ C. for you to catch, of the thief running away ‎ D. of you to catch , for the thief to run away ‎28. She would rather __________ than ________ in.‎ ‎ A. die, to give B. to die, to give C. dying, giving D. die, give ‎29. You can do a lot of things on holidays, such as _____________.‎ ‎ A. practise swimming B. to practise swimming ‎ C. practised swimming D. practising swimming ‎30. Do you mind if you were compared ____________?‎ ‎ A. to other B. with another C. to others D. on the others ‎31. All the runners are getting ready ___________.‎ ‎ A. running B. to run C. run D. ran ‎32. He will try __________ the same mistake again.‎ ‎ A. don’t make B. doesn’t make ‎ ‎ C. not to make D. to not make ‎33. After she washed her clothes, she __________ her homework,‎ ‎ A. went on doing B. went on to do ‎ ‎ C. go on with D. went on with doing ‎34. She _____________ for nearly two hours.‎ ‎ A. kept talking B. kept to talk ‎ ‎ C. has kept talking D. kept to talking ‎35. She told us to ____________ and ___________ her.‎ ‎ A. stop to write , listened to B. stop to writing , listen ‎ ‎ C. stop writing, listened to D. stop writing, listen to ‎ ‎36. It is easy__________ and it is a great fun_____________.‎ ‎ A. to play basketball, playing basketball.‎ ‎ B. playing basketball, playing basketball.‎ ‎ C. to play basketball, to play basketball ‎ D. playing basketball, to play basketball ‎37.________school early is hard, but he is always the first _______.‎ ‎ A. Getting to, coming B. To get to , come ‎ C. Getting to, to come D. To get to, coming