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中考英语重点单词短语
2016中考英语:重点单词短语用法大总结 ◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费 花费时间做某事:It takes sb sometime to do sth.=sb spend sometime(in)doing sth.=sb spend some time on sth. 某人花钱买某物: sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money . ※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物。 ※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ? The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . =I_______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater . He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone . It ________ her 20 minutes to go home everyday . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day . ◆2 . thanks for为…而感谢 ⑴ ______inviting me to your birthday party . thanks to 多亏/由于 ⑵______ your help.I got good grades . ◆3 . 感叹句:多么… what + 名词 how + 形容词 / 副词 ⑴. ______ bad weather !⑵. ______ hard he works ! ⑶. ______ fresh vegetables ! ⑷. ______ cute a monkey it is ! ◆4 . 因为、由于: because( 连词 ) +从句: ( 表示原因 ) because of(介词短语) + 名词(短语 )= thanks to ⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache . He was late for class ______ the bad weather. He can’t come _____ he is ill . Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather . ※because和 so不能同时连用 . ◆5 . 来自: be from = come from ⑴ Where are you from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ? ⑵ He is from Tibet . = He ______ ______ Tibet . ◆6 . How often 对频率提问( 多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语 How long 对一段时间提问 (多久 ) →回答用表示一段时间的状语 How soon 对将来时间提问 ( 多久 ) →回答用 in+时间段 How far 询问多长距离(多长) ⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites ? -For ten years . ⑵- ______ do you go shopping ? -Sometimes. ⑶ - ______will your father come back ? - In two years . ⑷- _____ do you exercise ? - Once a week . ⑸- _____ is it from your home to school ? - About ten miles . ⑹- _____ are you staying there ? - Two weeks . ◆7 . 乘交通工具: take a / the +交通工具在句中作谓语 by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语 交通工具有:train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane… ⑴ He takes a bus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes to bank on a bus . ⑵ I walk to school . = I go to school ______ . ※骑自行车、马或驴用ride : ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car ◆8 . 对不起: Excuse me (劳驾,客套话) Sorry ( 表示道歉 ) ⑴ ______.Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ? ⑵–Would you mind cleaning your room ? - ______ . I’ll do it right away . ⑶- Don’t eat in class . - _____ . Ms Clark . ⑷ _____ , is this the way to the station ? ◆9 . 声音: sound ( 自然界各种声音 ) noise(噪音) voice(悦耳的声音:嗓子) ⑴Lucy has a sweet______ . ⑵That ______ like agood idea . ⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping . ◆10 . look like (外貌看起来像… ) be like ( 性格像… ) ⑴Lily _____ _____Lucy . Oh , they are twins . ⑵ Tony______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful . ◆11 . take… to …带去 bring…to …带来 fetch 没有方向性(强调来回) ⑴ Tony .______ the ball here .Please . ⑵ My father often ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays . ⑶ ______your homework _____ school tomorrow . ◆12. 一些: some 用于肯定句 any 用于否定句和疑问句 ⑴ I’d like ______ milk . ⑵–Would you like______ yogurt ? _ Thanks . I don’t want______ . ※在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some . ◆13. 多少: How many修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词 ⑴ ______juice do you want ? ⑵ ______apples do you want ? ⑶- ______is the T-shirt ? –It’s 30 yuan . ※ How much可对价钱提问:How much are the potatoes ? ◆14.看 :see 强调看的结果 look ( at ) 不及物动词,强调看的动作 watch 观看:比赛、电视、表演、电影 read 读,朗读:看书、看报、看信、看杂志 ⑴Don’t______ in bed . ⑵ We will______ a basketball game this evening . ⑶ Please ______the blackboard . Everyone . ⑷ I ______ a bird in the tree yesterday . ※On Saturday night . I saw an interesting talk show . On Saturday evening . several kids watched a movie . watch a movie =go to a movie ◆15. stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking. stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 ⑴ The girl soon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵ He wastired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest . ◆16. forget /remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作: △forget /remember to do sth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ He forgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school . forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作: △forget /remember doing sth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ He forgot turning off the light .(已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you remember seeing the man before ? ◆17. 到达… reach + 地点 get to + 地点 reach = get to arrive + in + 大地点 arrive + at + 小地点 ⑴ He reached London yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . =He ______ in London yesterday . ⑵ Shearrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ You should______ ( get ) home on time . ※当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。如:get home get there 省略 to ◆18. 擅长,在…方面做得好: be good at = do well in . ⑴ She is good at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry . ⑵ Niuniu is good at ______ the violin . = Niuniu ______ well in______ the violin . ⑶ Lucy and Lily are twin girls .Lucy is better ______ dancing than Lily .but Lily ___________ in singing than Lucy . ◆19. win (赢得 )接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。 ⑴ Which team______ the football match ? ⑵ Wang Hao______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles . ◆20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb .sth 向某人借某物→borrow借入 lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出 keep延续性动词 ,与一段时间连用。 ⑴ Can you lend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ? ⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrow your brother ____ ____. ⑶ - How long can I ______ the book ? - You can _____ it for two weeks . ※类似用法的还有:buy — have put on — wear become — be leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on die — be dead return — be back ① become He has ______ a doctor . He has ______ a doctor for 10 years . ② begin The film has ______ . The film has _________ for ten minutes . ◆21. 能,会。be able to can ※情态动词后面都接动词原形。 ⑴ We should______ able to finish the work tomorrow . ⑵ I can______ (play) the guitar .⑶ He ______able toplay chess . ◆22. too many 太多— 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house . too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→Maybe you have too much yin . much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive . ⑴ Eating_____ ______ is bad for your health . ⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today . You’d better not go out. ⑶There are____________ students in the hallways . It’s dangerous. ◆23. have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing . (现在不在北京) have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing . (现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中) have/has been in / at在某地 ⑴I have ever_______ ______ America twice . ⑵ He has______ ______ Beijing for ten years . ⑶– Where is your brother ? - He______ ______ to Hainan . ⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ? ◆24. used to do sth .过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean . be(get)used to doing sth .习惯于做某事→ I’m not used to getting up early . be used to do sth = be used for doing sth .被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing . ⑴ XiaoGang______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark . ⑵ The broom is ______ ______ clean the room . = The broom is ____________ cleaning the room. ⑶ He ____________ ______ living countryside .There is fresh air and sweet well . ⑷ Wood __________ _____ making paper . ◆25. belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 (属于) be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 (是) ⑴It must ______Ning’s .= It must _________ Ning . ⑵ The pencil must be ______ (my) . = The pencil must belong to ______(my) . ⑶ This ball______ to me .= This ball is ______ . ◆26. can’t 不可能 0 表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪ must 肯定、一定 100﹪ ⑴ The CD_____ belong to Tony . because he likes listening to music . ⑵ The notebook ______ be mine .It has my name on it . ⑶ The toy______ be my grandpa . After all .He is an old man . ◆27. be made from (由…制成)看不出原材料 be made of (由…制成)看得出原材料 ⑴ The table______ ______ ______ wood . ⑵ Paper______ ______ ______ wood . ◆28. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 prefer sth . to sth . 喜欢…而不喜欢… prefer doing sth . to doing sth . 喜欢做…而不喜欢做… ⑴ I prefer______ (swim) to ______ (play) balls . ⑵ He_______fish to beef . ⑶ I prefer to ______ (walk) to work . ◆29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词: —ed 修饰人 —ing 修饰物 ⑴ I want to go somewhere ______ (relaxing/relaxed) . ⑵ She is______ in this ______ history story .(interesting/interested ) ※ interesting(有趣的) — interested(感兴趣的) tiring(累人的)— tired(累的,疲倦的) boring (令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(激动的) surprising(令人惊讶的) — surprised(惊讶的) relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed(放松的) embarrassing (令人尴尬的;令人为难的) — embarrassed(尴尬的;为难的) ◆30. So + 助/系/情态 + 主语表示肯定意义(…也是如此) Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义(…也不) ※它们都属于倒装句。 ⑴ My mother didn’t go to school .______ ______ my father. ⑵ James comes from the USA .______ ______ Tom . ⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese . ______ ______ I . = Me ______ . ⑷ My sister isn’t out going . ______ ______ I .= Me______ . ◆31. both 两者都 all三者或三者以上都 ⑴ The twins_____ are good students . ⑵ There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets . ⑶ There are five people in my family . We ______ like playing sports. My parents ______love us . We are very happy . ◆32. alone 单独,独自一人→He is alone at home . lonely 孤独的,寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives alonely life in the country . ⑴ Sometime she feels quite _____ because he has no friends . ⑵ She lives_____ in that large house . ◆33 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree . on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree . ⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ? ⑵ There area lot of bananas_____ the tree . ◆34. in the wall 指在墙体内 on the wall 指在墙体表面 ⑴ There is a map _____ the wall . ⑵ There is a door _____ the wall . ◆35. on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed . in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed . ⑴ There is a jacket ___________ . ⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock . ◆36. 引导结果状语从句:so和such(如此…以至于…) so是副词,后接adj和adv .句型: △so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the firstprize . △so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→That was so interesting a story that Iread it twice .= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice . such是形容词,后接n.句型: △such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him . △such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming . ⑴ He runs____fast ____ we can’catch him. ⑵ Lili is____a kind girl ____we all love her . ⑵ Tom is ____a clever boy that he can answer the question .= Tom is____ clever a boy that he can answer the question . ⑶ The box is_____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it . ※在名词前有many / much /few / little这些词修饰时,要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如: He is so young that he can’t go to school . = He is too young to go to school . = He is not old enough to go to school . ◆37. 引导时间状语从句: when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV , he came in . = When he came in , I was watching TV . while+延续性动词(多用进行时)→While I was in Shanghai ,I visited him . ⑴ _____ he was sleeping . Someone knocked at the door .= He was sleeping _____ someone knocked at the door . ⑵ _____ the boy heard his mother’s voice , he stopped crying . ⑶ My mother was cooking _____ I was doing my homework .. ◆38. at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。 I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football ________ ____ ____ five . ◆39.instead 放句首、句末 instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than . ⑴ I will go to see her ______ you . ⑵ He doesn’t like beer. give him coke ______ . ⑶ We often sing English song ______ reading aloud . ◆40. 看起来像是…似乎/好像… (sb/sth)seems to do sth It seems that +从句 ⑴ It_____ _____ he feels very sad . = He _____ _____ _____ very sad. ⑵ She seems to want to have a drink .= _____ _____ that she _____ to have a drink . ◆41. “疑问词 + 动词不定式”与“宾语从句”的互换。 ⑴ I will show you where you should go .= I will show you _____ __________ . ⑵ I don’t know what to do . =I don’t know what _____ .A should I do B I should do ⑶ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ?= Could you tell me how _____ _____ _____Summer Palace ? ※宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如:Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ (天气如何)in Chongqi? ◆42. 问题/难题 question由于疑惑不解而提出的问题,多和ask / answer搭配使用。 problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等,多与solve /work out 搭配。 ⑴ Please answer my________ in English . ⑵ I can’t work out this maths _______. ⑶ This is a difficult_______ to answer . ◆43.family家/家庭(强调家庭成员,与居住的房子无关)→My family are kind people . home 家(指人出生或居住的地方,带有一定感情色彩)→Welcome to my home . house 房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)→They moved to their new house last year . ⑴ How many people are there in your _____? ⑵ I want to save money and buy a big ____. ⑶ I love Chengdu , I looked Chengdu as my ______ . ◆44.in front of (在…前面) 在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our classroom . in the front of (在…前部) 在某一范围内的前面→Two persons are sitting in the front of the car . ⑴ The policeman stands____________ the car . ⑵ The driver sits ____________ the car . ◆45. 在晚上,在夜里 at night on + a +adj + night ⑴ You shouldn’t go out _____ night. ⑵ He met a thief_____ a cold night . ◆46. 在…之间 between (两者之间)多与and连用。 among(三者或三者以上的人或物之间) ⑴ She is sitting______ Lucy and Lily . ⑵ He built a house ______ the trees . ◆47.sometimes不时;有时(是一般现在时的标志词)→Sometimes I go to school by bus . sometimes 几次(此时time是可数名词,意为“次数”)→He has been to Shanghai some times . sometime 某个时间(表示在过去或将来的某个时候)→ I saw him sometime last year . some time一段时间(此时time是不可数名词)→ He will stay here for some time . ⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week .⑵ _______ the boy is late for school . ⑶ He spent _________in cutting hair .So he missed the early bus . ⑷ LiJun has been to Bird’s Nest_________ . ◆48.wear +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses . put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)→Kate puts on her hat and goes out . be in + 颜色/服饰(强调状态)→The girl in red is my sister . dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) →She dresses her daughter every morning . ⑴ You’d better ______ your coat . ⑵ She was_______ a flower in her hair . ⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend . ⑷ He is too young to______ himself . ⑸ Miss Li often _____the white sports shoes . ※ dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物(穿着…颜色的衣服)→He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。 ◆ 49.play+ 球类、棋类名词(不加the )play badminton/ play chess / play computer games play the+乐器名词。(必须加the) play the violin ⑴ -Do you like to play ______ football after class , Li Lei ? - Yes ,I do . A .a B .the C . / ⑵ Sam can’t play ________(piano), but he can play ________ (chess) . ◆50.There be 强调“某处有…” have 强调“某人有…” ⑴ ________two computers in the room . ⑵ My uncle _______ a car . ※当表示整体与局部的关系时,there be与have可互换使用。如:There are twelve months in a year .= A year has twelve months . 一年有十二个月。 ◆51.speak 指说话的能力,也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。 say强调说的内容。say sth.to sb.→Please say hello tohim . talk指相互之间的谈话。talk to /with sb表示与某人交谈,talk about sb / sth 表示“谈论某人 / 某事”。 →She is talking with her boss . tell侧重指“告诉”,后接双宾语或复合宾语:tell sb.sth. → Please tell me the time . tell sb(not) . to do sth .→ She told me to wait for her . ※ tell可以和lie ,story搭配。如: tell alie / tell a story / tell a joke / tell a truth . ⑴ From his face we could see that he was _____ a lie . ⑵ She is______ at the meeting . ⑶ Fangfang_____ she is at home . ⑷ They are______about the weather . ⑸ He can’t _____ it in French, but he can _____ English . ◆52. if引导条件状语从句真实条件状语从句— 主句是将来时,从句用现在时代替将来。 虚拟条件状语从句— 虚拟语气 ⑴ If I _____ (be) a bird , I would ______ (fly) in the sky . ⑵ If it _______ (not)rain ,We will climb the hill . ⑶ If I _____ (win) a million dollars , I would ______ (travel) around the world . ⑷ If he _____ (study)hard , he will get good grades . ◆53. 强调动作强调结果 找 look for寻找 find找到 看 look(at)看 see看见 听listen(to)听 hear听见 look for/ find ⑴ I am _______ my watch , but I can’t _______it anywhere . look at /see ⑴ Please_______ your books , boys and girls . ⑵ ______ !What a playful monkey it is ! listen to/ hear ⑴ Don’t shout ! I can_______ you . ⑵ Ann likes _______music with her friends on weekends . ◆54.ago 副词,“以前”,一段时间后接ago . before“以前”,可以用在现在完成时的句子中,还可以是连词,“在…以前”。 ⑴ Ihave never been there _______ . ⑵ Please call me______ you go . ⑶ My brother joined the army two years ______ . ⑷ Long long ______ ,There was seven dwarfs(小矮人)in the forest . ◆55. 别的,其他的other 修饰名词,用于名词前。→What other animals do you like ? else修饰不定代词/疑问代词/疑问副词,放它们的后面。→What else do you have to do ? ⑴You’d better ask some______ people . ⑵ There is nothing_____ on the desk . ◆56.everyday 每天,作状语。 everyday日常的,作定语。 ⑴ We go to school at7:00 ________ . ⑵ What’s your______activity ? ◆57.happen主要指偶然发生的事 take place 表示预先决定的事 ※ happen 和take place都不用于被动语态 ⑴ A traffic accident_______ yesterday . ⑵ The May Fourth Movement (五四运动)_________ in1919 . ◆58.one …the other一个…另一个 some …others 一些…另一些 (另一些并不包括全部) some …the others一些…其他的(其他的包括剩下的全部) ⑴ I have two brothers,_____ is a teacher , _______ is a doctor . ⑵ _____students are in the classroom , ________ are out . ⑶ At the party ,______ are dancing , ______ are singing ◆59.bealive 作后置定语 living +n. 作前置定语 The old man is a great and ______scientist.He is still ______ . ◆60. on one’s + 序数词 +birthday (在某人几岁生日时) in one’s + 整十的基数词的复数 (在某人几十多岁时) ⑴ Edison invented many things in his _______ (twenty) . ⑵ On my ______(twenty) birthday . 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