英语中考六种时态精讲加真题解析

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英语中考六种时态精讲加真题解析

高频考向一 一般现在时 ‎1.一般现在时的构成 ‎—般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后面加s或es。‎ ‎2.一般现在时的用法 ‎①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。经常与often,usually,every day,always,sometimes,twice a week,on Sunday等表时间的单词或短语连用。如:‎ Most of the students in our class usually go to school by bike.我们班里大部分学生通常骑自行车去上学。‎ I practice playing football every day.我每天练习踢足球。‎ ‎②表示普遍真理或客观事实。如:‎ The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。‎ ‎③在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:‎ If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go for a picnic.‎ 如果明天不下雨,我们将去野餐。‎ ‎【例1】 —Do you know whether David will go cycling or not tomorrow?(2013,泰安)‎ ‎—David?Never!He______outdoor activities.‎ A.hates B.hated C.is hating D.has hated 解析:根据语境可知此处句意为“他不喜欢户外运动”这是描述个人喜好的句子,应使用一般现在时。‎ 答案:__A__‎ ‎【例2】 —What does Tom's uncle do?‎ ‎—He is a teacher.He______physics at a school now.(2013,武汉)‎ A.will teach B.has taught C.teaches D.taught 解析:根据语境可知“他现在在一所学校教物理”,表示目前的情况,故用一般现在时。‎ 答案:__C__.‎ 高频考向二 一般过去时 ‎1.一般过去时的构成 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。特别注意:不规则动词的过去式。‎ ‎2.一般过去时的用法 ‎①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last Sunday,in 2010,just now,the other day,the next day,three days ago等。如:‎ I met him in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上见到了他。‎ ‎②表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:‎ He often went to work by bus last year.去年他经常坐公共汽车去上班。‎ ‎【例3】After Steven sent some emails,he______surfing the Internet.(2014,杭州)‎ A.starts B.has started C.will start D.started 解析:由前半句中sent可知,应用一般过去时。‎ 答案:__D__.‎ ‎【例4】 —Excuse me,look at the sign NO PHOTOS!‎ ‎—Sorry,I______it.(2013,呼和浩特)‎ A.don't see B.didn't see C.haven't seen D.won't see 解析:根据句意“对不起,请看‘禁止拍照’的标牌!”“对不起,我没看见它。”可以判断“刚才没有看见”,必须用一般过去时。‎ 答案:__B__.‎ 高频考向三 现在进行时 ‎1.现在进行时的构成 现在进行时的构成为:be+动词的现在分词 特别注意:现在分词的构成形式 ‎2.现在进行时的用法 ‎①表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如:‎ ‎—What is he doing?他正在干什么?‎ ‎—He is watching TV.他正在看电视。‎ ‎②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。(说话时不一定正在做)如:‎ They are picking apples on a farm these days.这些天他们一直在农场摘苹果。‎ ‎③go,come,leave,arrive等表示位置移动的词通常用现在进行时表示将来。如:‎ He is leaving for Japan tomorrow.他明天要前往日本。‎ ‎④现在进行时常用的时间状语:now,all the time,‎ these days,this year,at the moment等。‎ ‎【例5】 —Are your parents at home,Jane?(2013,济南)‎ ‎—No,they______taking a walk in the park.‎ A.do B.are C.will D.have 解析:现在进行时的结构为“be+现在分词”,该处缺少be动词。‎ 答案:__B__.‎ ‎【例6】 Be quiet!The other students______.‎ A.sleep B.slept C.are sleeping D.sleeping 解析:根据语境可知句意“保持安静,其他学生正在睡觉”,故应用现在进行时。‎ 答案:__C__.‎ 高频考向四 过去进行时 ‎1.过去进行时的构成 过去进行时的构成为:was/were+动词的现在分词 ‎2.过去进行时的用法 ‎①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如:‎ ‎—What were you doing at this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在干什么?‎ ‎—I was doing my homework.我正在做我的家庭作业。‎ We were reading when the teacher came in.当老师进来时我们正在读书。‎ ‎②表示两个过去的动作同时进行,可以用while来连接。如:‎ I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.我在看电视,而我的妈妈正在做饭。‎ ‎③过去进行时常用的时间状语:at that time,at nine yesterday,those days,when/while引导的时间状语从句等。‎ ‎【例7】—I called you at 8:00 yesterday evening,but no one answered.(2014,赤峰)‎ ‎—Sorry.I______clothes for my parents at that time.‎ A.wash B.washed C.am washing D.was washing 解析:由时间状语“at that time”可知,应用过去进行时。‎ 答案:__D__.‎ ‎【例8】 I didn't hear the phone because my father______TV then.(2013,潍坊)‎ A.is watching B.was watching C.watches D.watched 解析:主句I didn't hear the phone为一般过去时,所以原因状语从句不可能是现在进行时或一般现在时。由标志词then可知,应用过去进行时状态。‎ 答案:__B__.‎ 高频考向五 一般将来时 ‎1.一般将来时的构成 ‎—般将来时的构成为:助动词will/shall+动词原形;‎ be going to +动词原形 ‎2.一般将来时的用法 ‎①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成是will+动词原形。当主语是第一人称I/we时,助动词也可用shall。如:‎ He will be back in two days.他将两天后回来。‎ Lucy will go to visit her uncle tomorrow.明天露茜将要去看望她的叔叔。‎ We shall go to see you next Sunday.下个星期天我们将去看你。‎ ‎②表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。一般情况下用“be going to+动词原形”结构。如:‎ ‎—What are you going to do this Sunday?这个星期天你打算干什么?‎ ‎—I'm going to practice English.我打算练习英语。‎ Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云,天要下雨了。‎ ‎③一般将来时常用的时间状语:tomorrow,next week,next year,in two days,in the future,from now on,soon等表示将来的时间状语。‎ ‎【例9】 We have no more vegetables in the fridge.I______and buy some.(2013,河北)‎ A.go B.went C.will go D.was going 解析:根据前句“我们冰箱里没有蔬菜了”可知后句句意为“我将要去买些”。故此处应用一般将来时态。‎ 答案:__C__.‎ ‎【例10】 —Have you ever been to the Great Wall?‎ ‎—Not yet.I______it this year.(2014,台州)‎ A.visited B.have visited C.was visiting D.will visit 解析:由答句前半句“还没有去”可知,后半句句意为“我将今年去参观它”。故应用一般将来时态。‎ 答案:__D__.‎ 高频考向六 现在完成时 ‎1.现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的构成为:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 ‎2.现在完成时的用法 ‎①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如:‎ ‎—Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗?‎ ‎—Yes,I have.I've just had it.是的,我刚吃过。(现在不饿了)‎ ‎②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,可能还要持续下去,常与for或since连用。表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。如:‎ He has lived here since 1999.自从1999年以来,他就住在这儿。‎ I have learnt English for ten years.我学习英语有10年了。‎ 注意:非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。必须把非延续性动词改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语,这时可与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的非延续性动词通常作如下变换:come→be in,leave→be away,buy→have,borrow→keep,die→be dead,begin→be on,close→be closed,open→be open,join→be in/be a member of,go/come there→be there,get married→be married,catch a cold→have a cold,return→be back,fall ill→be ill,become→be,has gone to→has been in等。如:‎ 误:I have bought this computer for two years.‎ 正:I have had this computer for two years.‎ 我买这台电脑有两年了。‎ ‎③与现在完成时连用的时间状语:already,yet,just,ever,never,before,so far,these days,in/during the past few years,for+一段时间,since+过去的时间点,since+一般过去时的从句等。‎ ‎【例11】—Dave,we will leave in 10 minutes.Are you ready?‎ ‎—No,I______our guide book and towels yet.(2013,玉林)‎ A.don't pack B.didn't pack C.have packed D.haven't packed 解析:根据no可知,还没有准备好,排除C;根据句意“Dave,我们将10分钟后出发。你准备好了吗?”可知从过去到现在还没准备好,是对现在的一种影响,由标志词yet可知,应用现在完成时。‎ 答案:__D__.‎ ‎【例12】 His grandma has______for 5 years.(2014,衡阳)‎ A.died B.been died C.been dead 解析:由句中时间状语“for 5 years”可知,本题应用现在完成时且动词应用延续性动词。‎ 答案:__C__.‎ 一、单项选择。‎ ‎1.Look,the set of keys __C__ on the teacher's desk.(2014,安顺)‎ A.are B.were C.is D.was ‎2.My husband always __B__ me flowers every week before we got married but now he never ______.(2014,呼和浩特)‎ A.sends;does B.sent;does C.was going to send;do D.sent;do ‎3.I saw Ken in the meeting room,he __D__ Joe for the school magazine.(2014,河北)‎ A.interviews B.interviewed C.has interviewed D.was interviewing ‎4.—You're in a hurry.Where are you going?(2014,江西)‎ ‎—To the cinema.Sue __C__ for me outside.‎ A.waits B.waited C.is waiting D.was waiting ‎5.—Do you think grandpa and grandma __B__ late?‎ ‎—No,the train is usually on time.(2014,苏州)‎ A.were B.will be C.was D.have been ‎6.—The Amazing Spider Man 2 is on these days.It's fantastic.‎ ‎—Really?But I __C__ it yet.(2014,湖州)‎ A.didn't see B.won't see C.haven't seen D.am not seeing ‎7.—Jim isn't in the classroom.Where is he now?‎ ‎—He __C__ the library.(2014,滨州)‎ A.will go to B.has been to C.has gone to D.goes to ‎8.The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors __C__ smaller and smaller.‎ A.become B.are becoming C.is becoming D.have become ‎9.—So you have watched the action movie,haven't you?‎ ‎—Yes.I __B__ it with my parents in Lu Xun Theatre.(2014,绍兴)‎ A.watch B.watched C.will watch D.am watching ‎10.—Can you find our city __A__ a lot in recent years?(2014,泰安)‎ ‎—Yes.The road is wider and the buildings are taller.‎ A.has changed B.changes C.changed D.will change ‎11.—Why are you in such a hurry,Mike?‎ ‎—There __B__ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.(2014,安顺)‎ A.will have B.will be C.is going to have D.are going to be ‎12.—I suppose you are at least 60 years old.‎ ‎—Thank you.I'm glad you __B__ that.My real age is 362.(2014,黄冈)‎ A.say B.said C.are saying D.were saying ‎13.My sister __B__ the Youth League for more than two years.(2014,齐齐哈尔)‎ A.has taken part in B.has been in C.has joined in D.has joined ‎14.Alice likes doing housework.She __A__ her room every afternoon.(2014,温州)‎ A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaning D.has cleaned ‎15.Robots __A__ more heavy work for us in the future.(2014,天津)‎ A.will do B.did C.have done D.were doing ‎16.—Where is your father?(2014,重庆)‎ ‎—He __A__ the World Cup in the living room.‎ A.is watching B.watches C.watched D.will watch ‎17.The teacher is already standing here.Do you know when she __B__?(2014,河北)‎ A.comes B.came C.is coming D.was coming ‎18.—Has your friend completed his design?‎ ‎—Not yet.He __D__ on it last night.(2014,扬州)‎ A.worked B.has worked C.is working D.was working
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