中考英语不定代词用法一览表牛津版

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中考英语不定代词用法一览表牛津版

例 词 含义 作 用 例 句 both 后接复数名词 表示两个人或事物 主语 Both are teachers. 两个都是教师。‎ 宾语 The teacher wanted both of us to go.老师要我们两个人都去。‎ 定语 Both questions are easy.两个问题都很容易。‎ 同位语 They both did it well.他们两个人都干得不错。‎ 注: 1. both与定冠词、指示代词、物主代词连用时,应放在这些词的前面。‎ ‎2. both在否定句中用作主语时,表示部分否定。如:‎ ‎ Both of you won’t go. 你们两个不需要都走。‎ neither 后接单数名词 ‎(与both反义)‎ 表示两个人或事物都不 主语 Neither is mine.两个都不是我的。‎ 宾语 I want neither of the books.那两本书我都不要。‎ 定语 Neither sentence is correct.两个句子都不对。‎ 注: Neither在句子中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Neither在句子中作主语时表示全部否定。如: ‎ Neither of you is Japanese.你们两个都不是日本人。‎ You can’t eat either of them=You can eat neither of them.‎ either 后接单数名词 两个人或物中任一个 主语 Either will be all right.两个中哪一个都行。‎ 宾语 He looked at the two pens, but didn’t buy either(=bought neither).他看了两支笔,但一支也没有买。‎ 定语 You may take either book (=take one of the two books).‎ ‎=You can’t take both of the two books.‎ 两本书你可以任选一本。‎ all 最少表示三个以上(肯定)‎ 主语 All of them are workers.他们都是工人。‎ 宾语 The teacher asked us all about the matter.‎ 老师问了我们所有的事。‎ 表语 That’s all for today.今天就到这。‎ 定语 All men are mortal.人总是要死的。‎ 状语 He was all covered with mud.他浑身是泥。‎ 同位语 They all came here.他们都到了。‎ 注: 1. all与定冠词、指示代词、物主代词连用时要放在它们的前面。如: Do you see all the birds in the tree?你看到树上所有的鸟吗?‎ ‎ 2. all用作状语时,应放在实义动词之前,助动词之后。‎ 如:The books were all sold out.所有的书都卖完了。‎ ‎ 3. not与all连用时表示部分否定。‎ none ‎(与all反义,与no one, not 最少表示三个(否定)‎ 主语 None of them have come back yet.他们一个都还没有回来。‎ ‎ any同义)‎ 宾语 She chose none but the best.她只挑了最好的东西。‎ 表语 It’s none of your business.没你的事。‎ 同位语 We none of us send anything to our teacher.‎ 我们谁也没有给老师送东西。‎ ‎ none用在表示最少三个以上的否定。None指不可数名词时,其谓语 用单数;指可数名词时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。一般来说,‎ 从整体上来看,应用复数。例如:‎ None of the money is mine. 这些钱都不是我的。‎ None of the answers is(are) correct. 这些答案都不对。‎ many much many+可数名词,much+不可数名词 主语 Did many oppose it? 有许多人反对它吗?‎ There is much milk in my cup. And there is not much in yours.‎ 我的杯里有许多奶,而你的杯里没有多少了。‎ 宾语 I have as many as my sister has. 我和妹妹拥有的一样多。‎ Eat as much as you like. 你尽量地吃吧。‎ 定语 We have many friends. 我们有许多朋友。‎ There is much water left.还剩下许多水。‎ some any some用于肯定句,any用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。‎ 主语 Some of us were late for school.‎ 我们中有些人上学迟到了。‎ 宾语 I want to eat some of the cakes.‎ 我想吃些蛋糕。‎ 定语 I have some questions to ask. 我有些问题要问。‎ Do you have any questions to ask? 你还有问题要问吗?‎ 注: some有时可以用于表示“请求”的疑问句中,例如:‎ ‎ Will you please give me some tea? 给我来些茶好吗?‎ few a few 修饰可数名词。a few表示肯定,few表示否定。‎ 主语 Few of us study English. 我们中很少有人学习英语。‎ A few of the girls are tall. 女孩中有几个个子高。‎ 宾语 We have few of books. 我们几乎没有书。‎ 定语 He is a man of few words. 他是个沉默寡言的人。‎ little a little 修饰不可数名词。a little表示肯定,little表示否定。‎ 主语 There is little left. 所剩无几。‎ 宾语 He has done little for us. 他很少为我们做事。‎ 定语 I have a little money with me. 我身上带着一点钱。‎ each every one ‎(each指两个以上,every指三个以上)‎ Each强调个性,every强调共性,one表示某个 主语 Each has his own work. 每个人都有自己的工作。‎ One must do one’s duty. 人尽其量。‎ 宾语 We must help each of the students. ‎ 我们必须帮助每位同学。‎ 定语 Every one of us must study hard.‎ 我们中每位都必须努力学习。‎ 同位语 They each had beautiful cars.‎ 他们每人都有一辆漂亮的小车。‎ 注: 1. one的所有格为one’s;反身代词是oneself;复数形式是ones。One前面可用形容词或指示代词修饰,例如: the red one, this one。但不能用形容词性物主代词修饰。例如: my one, his one的表达是错误的。‎ ‎ 2. every的后面不能接of短语,而every one, each后面则可以接of短语。‎ other another other表示“两个”之中的另一个; another表示三个以上或不明数量中的另一个。‎ 主语 I have two rubbers. One is white, the other is red.‎ 我有两块橡皮,一块是白色的,一块是红色的。‎ 宾语 Show me another. 把另一个给我看。‎ 定语 The other students are playing football. ‎ 另外一些同学在踢足球。‎ Would you like another glass of water?‎ 你还要喝一杯水吗?‎ each other 表示两者之间的“互相”‎ 宾语 We must learn from each other and help each other.‎ 我们必须互相学习,互相帮助。‎ 定语 We should point out each other’s shortcoming.‎ 我们必须互相指出缺点。‎ one another 表示最少三以上的“互相”‎ 宾语 They talked with one another. 他们互相交谈。‎ They helped one another with English. ‎ 他们在英语上互相帮助。‎ 注:other相当于名词时,其复数形式为others,其所属格形式为other’s和others’。each other的所属格为each other’s。one another的所属格为one another’s。‎ 不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。‎ 常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one,ones,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词(如:anybody,something,no one)。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。‎ 但none和由some,any,no,every+thing,-body,-one构成的复合不定代同(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。(这些词作定语时,有些语法书称之为形容词)‎ 下面我们把一些主要的不定代词用法归纳如下:‎ one的用法 1.one(一个),可以指人,也可以指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。‎ One should not praise oneself. 一个人不应炫耀自己。(one作主语和宾语)‎ If one wants to visit the city,one must find one’s own guide.‎ 如要参观这个城市,得自己找向导。‎ ‎2.one,ones(one的复数形式)可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。‎ Do you have a car?Yes,I have one. 你有一辆小汽车吗?是的,我有一辆。‎ I like small cars better than large ones. 我喜欢小汽车,不喜欢大汽车。‎ ‎3.one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词修饰。‎ There are three pens,which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?‎ 这儿有三支钢笔,哪一支是你的?这支?那支?还是在铅笔盒里的那支?‎ ‎4.a+形容词+one这一形式,经常见到或使用。‎ I have an old bike,but he has a new one.我有辆旧自行车,他有辆新的。‎ own后面不用one Your shoes don’t fit me, I’d better wear my own.‎ 我穿你的鞋不合适,我最好还是穿我自己的。‎ it和one的比较 it用来指特定的东西(the+名词);而one则用于替代不特定的东西(a,an+名词)‎ You have a pen,can I use it(=the pen)?你有一支钢笔,我可以用它吗?(特指)‎ Do you have a pen?Yes,I have one(=a pen).你有钢笔吗?是的,我有一支。(泛指)‎ some,any的用法 I have some money in my pocket,but it is not enough. Do you have any?‎ 我口袋里有一些钱,但不够,你有钱吗?‎ ‎1. some,any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中,any一般用于否定旬、疑问句和条件句中。‎ I have some science books.我有一些科技书。(some在肯定句中译为一些)‎ There is some ink in the bottle.瓶子里有一些墨水。‎ I haven’t any money.(=I have no money.)Do you have any?‎ 我一分钱都没有了,你有(钱吗)?‎ 注意not…any =no…any在否定句、问句中不须译出来。‎ You can ask me if you have any questions.(条件句)如果你有任何问题,你都可以问我 ‎2. some,any与-thing,-body,-one构成的合成词的用法与some,any一样。‎ I have something important to tell you我有重要的事告诉你。‎ I don’t know anything about it (I know nothing about it .)关于这件事,我什么都不知道。‎ Anybody can do it.任何人都可以做这件事。‎ 注意something,anything,nothing三者跟形容词时,形容词要放在它们的后面。‎ ‎.在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。‎ Will you have some tea?你喝茶吗?(表邀请)‎ Did somebody call me this morning?今天上午有人给我打电话吧?(表可能已约好)‎ ‎4.在否定句中,some表示半否定,any表示全否定。‎ I don’t know some of you.我只认识你们中的一些人。(我不会认识你们)‎ I don’t know any of you.你们,我一个也不认识。‎ ‎5.some用于单数可数名词前时,表示“某个”,而不是“一些”。‎ This morning some boy asked for you.今天上午,有个男孩要求见你。‎ There must be some reason for what he’s done.他干这些事,肯定有某种原因。‎ 比较Is there anything to eat?有什么吃的吗?(不知有没有,只是问一问)‎ Is there something to eat?有一些吃的吧?(希望,而且断定会有)‎ ‎3 other,another的用法 1. another(=an other),别的、另一个,泛指众多中一个,一般后面接单数名词,前面不能加定冠词。‎ This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one(=another book)?‎ 这本书对我而言太难了,可以给我另一本吗?‎ ‎(another是指许多书中的一本,作为定语)‎ I don’t like this one. Show me another.我不喜欢这个,给我看看另一个好吗?‎ ‎(another作宾语)‎ He got three books;one is a dictionary,another is a play,the third is a grammar.‎ 他买了三本书,一本是字典,另一本是剧本,还有一本是语法书。‎ ‎(another作主语) 有时another可以用在复数名词前译为“再、又”。‎ You may stay for another ten days.你可以再住十天。‎ ‎2. the other表示两个中的一个,常与one连用。one…the other…‎ I have two pencils;one is red;(and)the other is blue.‎ 我有两支铅笔,一支是红的,另一支是蓝的。‎ There are only two books left. But I don’t like this one. Will you please show me the other?只剩下二本书了。可我不喜欢这一本,请给我另一本好吗?‎ 必背!惯用词组 each other one another互相 one after another 一个接一个 the other day前几天 3. other+名词=others(别的)‎ Some are listening to the radio,others are watching TV.‎ 一些人在听广播,一些人在看电视。‎ Some students went to the Summer‎ ‎Palace. Other students(=others)stayed at home last Sunday.上周日,一些同学去颐和园,一些同学(还有同学)呆在家里。‎ 4. the other +名词=the others,译为其余的,相当于the rest。‎ There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students(=the others)are boys.我们班有三十个学生,二十名女孩,其余的都是男孩。‎ 比较:Some of the pencils are red. The others(=the other pencils)are green.‎ 有些铅笔是红的,其余的都是绿的。‎ Some of the pencils are red,others(=other pencils)are green.‎ 有些铅笔是红的,还有一些是绿的。‎ ‎(暗示可能还有些笔是别的颜色的:白色的、黄色的……)‎ ‎4 all,both的用法 All of them go to the movies.他们都去看电影。‎ Both of my parents are healthy.我的双亲身体都健康。‎ 1. all代表或修饰两个以上的人或物,或不可数的东西。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。‎ All of us like her.(作主语)=We all like her.(作同位语)我们所有的人都喜欢他。‎ All the oil(不可数名词)has been used up.(作主语)所有的油都用完了。‎ That’s all for today.(作表语)今天就到这儿了。‎ You haven’t eaten all(of)the bread.(作宾语)你的面包没有吃完。‎ All the students were there.(作定语)所有的学生都在那儿。‎ 注意: all,both的位置和频度副词一样放在be动词、情态动词及助动词之后,如有多个助动词,则放在第一个助动词之后。放在一般动词(实义动词)之前。‎ They all(both)went there.他们(两个)全都去那里了。‎ 2. both是指两者都…;而all是指三个和三个以上的人或物都…。在句中可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。注意它们的区别:‎ 比较They were all waiting outside the gate.他们(三个以上)都在大门外等着。‎ They were both waiting outside the gate.他们两个都在大门外等着。‎ ‎5 each,every的用法 On each(every)side of the square there were policemen.在广场的四周都有警察。‎ ‎1. 从数量上看:each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。‎ There are many trees on each side(不能用every side)of the street.‎ 大街的两侧有许多大树。‎ On each(every)side of the square there were soldiers.广场的四周都是士兵。‎ 1. 从含义和语法功能上看:each是“单个”的意思,侧重于个体、个性,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”的意思,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。‎ 必背!含有every的词组 every week每周 every two weeks每两周 every other day(week,line)每隔一天(每隔一周,每隔一行)‎ every other ten days每隔十天 Every student is here.=All the students are here.所有的学生们都出席了。(强调整体)‎ Each of the boys has a bike.每个男孩子都有一辆自行车。‎ ‎(each作主语,强调个体,每一个)。‎ There are flowers on each side of the river.(作定语)河两岸都是花。‎ Two men came and I gave a book to each.(作宾语)两个人来了,我给他们每人一本书。‎ each作同位语时在句子中位置及谓语动词的变化。‎ The students have two pens each.(作同位语)每个学生有两支钢笔。‎ They each have two pens.(作同位语)他们每人有两支钢笔。‎ Each of the students has two pens.(作主语)每个学生有两支钢笔。‎ Each of them has two pens.(作主语)他们每人有两支钢笔。‎ 注意 every在句中只能作定语,而它的合成词只能作主语、宾语和表语,而不能作定语,也就是说every后面必须跟名词,而它的合成词后面绝不可能跟名词。‎ Every boy is here .=Everybody is here.每个人都在。‎ ‎6 either,neither,both的用法 either:指两者中的任意一个。‎ neither:指两者中没有一个,全否定。‎ both:指两者都,肯定。‎ 在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。‎ Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。(没有一部是好的)‎ Either of the films is good.(作主语,谓语动词用单数)两部电影中有一部不错。‎ He wrote to neither of them.他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。‎ He wrote to either of them.(作宾语)他给他们中的一个人写了信。‎ Neither teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师,没有一个经常解答问题。‎ Either teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师中有一位常常解答问题。‎ Both the teachers often answer the questions.(作定语)这两个老师都常常解答问题。‎ 注意: 三词作定语时的比较,both后面的名词要用复数,谓语动词用复数。either和neither后面的名词要用单数,谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎7 many,much的用法 ‎ Many(of)the students have sports.(作主语)许多学生参加体育锻炼。‎ He has not got much time to go over his lessons.(作定语)他没有多少时间复习功课了。‎ We are many;you are few.(作表语)我们是多数,你们是少数。‎ She has much(work)to do.(作宾语)她有许多工作要去做。‎ 8 few, a few; little, a little 的用法 There are few minutes left. Hurry up!就剩下几分钟了,快点儿!‎ Don’t worry! There are a few minutes left.别着急,还有几分钟呢。‎ There is little time left. Hurry up!没多少时间了,快点儿!‎ There is a little time left. Don’t worry.别着急,还有时间呢 My sister has a few friends. But she has few good friends.‎ 我姐姐有一些朋友,但是她几乎没有真正的好朋友。‎ 注意:以上例句的few, a few, little, a little后的名词的数,及谓语动词。‎
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