中考英语主谓一致的用法及专项练习题

中考英语主谓一致的用法及专项练习题

主谓一致的用法及专项练习题 一、主谓一致三原则 　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致 原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复 数形式。 　　Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 　　They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 　‎ ‎2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上 为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 　　My family is having lunch now. 　　我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 　　Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 　　这本书20美元太贵了。 　　‎ ‎3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： 　　Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 　　不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 　　There is a pen and some books on the desk. ‎ ‎　　课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 　　 二、 主谓一致常考题型 　　 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用 复数形式。 　　The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 　　Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 　　The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 　‎ ‎2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 　　Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 　‎ ‎3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 　　More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 　‎ ‎4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个 整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 　　‎ ‎5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+‎ 单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 　　Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 　　Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 　　‎ ‎6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 　 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 　　‎ ‎7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 　　To see is to believe 眼见为实。 　　Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. ‎ ‎ 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 　　‎ ‎8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。　‎ ‎　A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 　　‎ ‎9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般 应与第一个名词一致。　　‎ Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 　 Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 　The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.‎ ‎10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and 所连接的并列主语是同 一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单 数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。‎ The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) 　 The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 　　‎ ‎11. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作 主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 　 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 　 His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。 　 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 　　‎ ‎12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, ‎ nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 　　‎ ‎13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them has an English dictionary. ‎ 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 　　‎ ‎14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, math, physics等，‎ ‎　 No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 ‎ Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 　　‎ ‎15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, either…or…， ‎ neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近 原则决定谓语动词形式。‎ Either my wife or I am going.‎ Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.‎ Not only you but also he is ready to leave.‎ 如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。‎ Each of us has his likes and dislikes.‎ Neither of the books is very interesting.‎ ‎16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。‎ ‎ A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.‎ ‎ 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，‎ 谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.‎ The number of the students is over eight hundred ‎17．以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 ‎ There is a book and three pens on the desk. 　 Here are some books and paper for you. ‎ ‎ 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.‎ ‎ The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 　 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 ‎ 三．肯定与否定一致 ‎ 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。‎ ‎ We've had some (money).→ We haven't had any (money).‎ ‎ I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to anyone.‎ ‎ They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.‎ ‎ He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet.‎ ‎ Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either.‎ ‎ Both of us are going.→ Neither of us is going.‎ ‎ He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.‎ 注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。‎ ‎ My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.‎ ‎ She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 主谓一致专项练习题 ‎ ‎ ‎1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now. 　　A. were B. is C. was D. are ‎ ‎ 2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. ‎ A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t     D. are ‎ ‎ 3. —How many lessons do you usually have a day? 　　—Six lessons a day. And each of then _____45 minutes. 　　A. last B. lasts C. have D. are ‎ ‎ 4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player. 　　A. am B. is C. be D. are ‎ ‎ 5. There ______ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy. 　　A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are ‎ ‎ 6. The number of the students in our school ____1200. 　　A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎ ‎ 7. Maths _______ my favorite subject. 　　A. be B. is C. am D. are ‎ ‎ 8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city. 　　A. were sleeping B. is sleeping 　　C. was sleeping D. are sleeping ‎ 9. Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began. 　　A. are B. is C. were D. was ‎ ‎ 10. That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there. 　　A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some ‎ ‎ 11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret. 　　A. know B. knows C. have know D. is ‎ ‎ 12. —What’s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? 　　—There _____some eggs and cakes on it. 　　A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎ ‎ 13. This pair of glasses ______mine. 　　A. are B. be C. is D. will be ‎ ‎ 14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday. 　　A. invited B. was invited 　　C. had invited D. were invited ‎ ‎ 15. —Two months ______quite a long time. 　　—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. 　　A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎ ‎ 16. In the city the old _______. 　　A. take good care of B. are taken good care of 　　C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of ‎ ‎ 17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, His family ______a happy one. 　　A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are ‎ ‎ 18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing. 　　A. has     B. have C. are D. is ‎ ‎ 19. The children in this class each _____new school bag. 　　A. have B. has C. has got D. are having ‎ ‎ 20. All but one _____ here just now. 　　A. is B. was C. has been D. were 　　  ‎ ‎21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, .‎ A. neither he will B. neither won't he ‎ C. neither will he D. he won't neither ‎22. I haven't finished my homework yet. ‎ A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasn't either ‎23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .”‎ ‎ A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go ‎24. You as well as he to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.‎ A. are B. is C. have D. has ‎25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing ‎ English songs.‎ A. has been B. is C. are D. am 　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 主谓一致练习题参考答案 ‎ (1).B (2). A (3). B (4). A   (5).B   (6).A  (7).B (8). C ‎ ‎ (9). D (10). A   (11).B  (12).B  (13).C (14) D . (15).A ‎ ‎ (16).B  (17).A  (18).B  (19).A  (20) D (21).C (22). D ‎ ‎(23). B (24). A  (25). D