小学五年级英语语法

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小学五年级英语语法

小学五年级英语语法 特殊疑问句 表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。 常用疑问词:‎ 疑问词 意思 用法 What time 什么时间 问具体时间,如几点钟 Who 谁 问人 Whose 谁的 问主人 Where 在哪里 问地点 What 什么 问东西、事物 What colour 什么颜色 问颜色 How old 多大年纪 问年纪 How many 多少数量(可数名词)‎ 问数量 How much 多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)‎ 问多少钱或数量(不可数)‎ 一般疑问句 ‎   如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句:‎ ‎  1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。‎ ‎  2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。‎ ‎3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。‎ 分四个步骤:‎ ‎   (1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。‎ ‎   (2)确定助动词用do还是does,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人 ‎ 称单数的助动词就用does ‎   (3)把助动词后提到句首。‎ ‎   (4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。‎ ‎   强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。‎ 一般将来时 ‎   表示将来将要发生的动作,‎ ‎ 经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, ‎ ‎ in five hours' time, etc. 表示将来的词联用。‎ ‎  结构:主语+助动词will+动词原形 ‎    I will go to America tomorrow.‎ ‎    The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.‎ ‎    Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.‎ ‎    ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首 ‎    Will you go to America tomorrow?‎ ‎    Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?‎ ‎    Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?‎ ‎    ★变否定句在助动词后面加not ‎    I will not go to America tomorrow.‎ ‎    The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.‎ ‎    Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.‎ ‎    ★肯定回答及否定回答 ‎    Yes, I will. / No, I will not.‎ ‎    Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.‎ ‎    Yes, he will. / No, he will not.‎ ‎    ★特殊疑问句 ‎    What will you do?‎ 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。‎ ‎    构成: 主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分 ‎    We are having lunch.‎ ‎    He is reading a book.‎ ‎    The dog is running after a cat.‎ ‎    The boys are swimming across the river.‎ ‎    ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 ‎    Are we having lunch?‎ ‎    Is he reading a book?‎ ‎    Is the dog running after a cat?‎ ‎    Are the boys swimming across the river?‎ ‎    ★变否定句在be动词后面加 not ‎    We are not having lunch.‎ ‎    He is not reading a book.‎ ‎    The dog is not running after a cat.‎ ‎    The boys are swimming across the river.‎ ‎    ★特殊疑问句:what, which, how, where, who, etc.‎ ‎    疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词 ‎    What are you doing?‎ ‎    What is she doing?‎ ‎    What is the dog doing?‎ ‎    没有进行时的动词(必背)‎ ‎    表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 ‎    1. 表示感觉,感官的词 ‎    see, hear, like, love, want,‎ ‎    2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时 过去式   表示过去发生的动作或事件 ‎ 常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,‎ 含有be动词的句子, 将动词变为过去式,am, is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were ‎    I was at the butcher’s.‎ ‎    You were a student a year ago.‎ ‎    The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.‎ ‎    ★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首 ‎    Were you at the butcher’s?‎ ‎    Were you a student a year ago?‎ ‎    Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?‎ ‎    ★变否定句在be动词后面加not ‎    I was not at the butcher’s.‎ ‎    You were not a student a year ago.‎ ‎    The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.‎ ‎    ★肯定回答否定回答 ‎    Yes, I was. No, I was not.‎ ‎    Yes, you were. No, you were not.‎ ‎    Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.‎ ‎    ★特殊疑问句:‎ ‎    What did you do?‎ ‎    (必背)‎ ‎    不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式 ‎    I finished my homework yesterday.‎ ‎    The boy went to a restaurant.‎ ‎    The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago. ‎ ‎ ★变疑问句在句首加did, 动词变为原型 ‎    Did you finish your homework yesterday?‎ ‎    Did the boy go to a restaurant?‎ ‎    Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?   ‎ ‎ ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not ‎    I did not finish my homework yesterday.‎ ‎    The boy did not go to a restaurant.‎ ‎    The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.‎ ‎    ★肯定回答及否定回答 ‎    Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.‎ ‎    Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.‎ ‎    Yes, they did. No, they did not.‎ 现在完成时     构成:主语+助动词have, has+过去分词 ‎    用法:‎ ‎    2) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用 ‎    I have just had lunch. (饱了,不用再吃了)‎ ‎    He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)‎ ‎    They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)‎ ‎    The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)‎ ‎    3) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:‎ ‎    Have you finished your homework?‎ ‎    Have you been to Beijing?‎ ‎    Have he seen the film?‎ ‎    4) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 ‎    I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.‎ ‎    I have worked for this school for 1 year.‎ ‎    5) 表示一种经历,经验:去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情 ‎    I have never had a bath.‎ ‎    I have never seen a film.‎ ‎    I have never been to cinema.‎ ‎    I have ever been to Paris.‎ ‎    Have been to表示去过,have gone to 表示去了 ‎    I have been to London.(人已经回来)‎ ‎    He has gone to London.(人还在那里)‎ ‎    6) 表示一种结果, 一般不和时间副词联用 ‎    I have lost my pen.‎ ‎    I have hurt myself.‎ ‎    He has become a teacher.‎ ‎    She has broken my heart.‎ ‎    句型变化:‎ ‎    ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.‎ ‎    e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.‎ ‎    ★肯定回答及否定回答 ‎    Yes, I have. No, I have not.‎ ‎    ★特殊疑问句:‎ ‎    What have you done?‎ ‎    What has he done?‎ ‎    一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:‎ ‎    凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 ‎    注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 ‎    错:I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.‎ ‎    对:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.‎ 过去完成时     用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的那个动作要用过去完成时。‎ ‎    结构:had+过去分词 ‎    After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.‎ ‎    They had sold the car before I asked the price.‎ ‎    The train had left before I arrived at the station.‎ ‎    After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。‎ ‎    1.变疑问句将助动词移到句首 ‎    Had she finished her homework?‎ ‎    2. 变否定句在助动词后面加not ‎    She hadn’t finished her homework.‎ ‎    3. 肯定回答及否定回答 ‎    Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.‎ ‎    4.特殊疑问句:‎ ‎    What had she done?‎ 名词 这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is ‎  名词复数如何加后缀:‎ 各种不同情况 变化方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s book-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds 以s. x. sh. ch结尾 加-es bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peach—peaches glass--glasses 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i, 再加-es family-families study--studies 以“f或fe”结尾 变f或fe为v,再加-es knife-knives 不规则名词复数 man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese 人称代词和物主代词 人称代词 物主代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性 形容词性 第一人称 I(我)‎ me we(我们)‎ us my(我的)‎ our(我们的)‎ 第二人称 you(你)‎ you you(你们)‎ you your(你的)‎ your(你们的)‎ 第三人称 he(他)‎ him they (他/她/它们)‎ them his(他的)‎ their (他/她/它们的)‎ she(她)‎ her her(她的)‎ it(它)‎ it it(它的)‎ ‎ 小学五年级英语重点 语法归纳 ‎ 1:"first"是序数词,与"the"相连,解释为第一。‎ ‎  2:像"first,term,world"作为词组出现时前面要加"the"。‎ ‎  3:"all"所有;后面的可数名词用复数形式,be动词用"are"。‎ ‎  4:"any"一些;用在否定句和一般疑问句中,与"some"同义。"some"用在肯定句中。‎ ‎  5:there be+数词,采用"就近原则"。‎ ‎  6:a map of China 与 a map of the world 要牢记。‎ ‎  7:要用"on the wall",不能用"in the wall"。门、窗在墙上才能用"in the wall"。‎ ‎  8:can 后+动词原形。‎ ‎  9:play+the+乐器; play+球类;‎ ‎  10:like的用法 +可数名词复数形式(指一类的东西)。‎ ‎   +this+名词单数。‎ ‎   +some+不可数名词。‎ ‎   +动词ing形式(动名词)。‎ ‎  11:动词变动名词形式方法:‎ ‎   A--直接在动词后面+ing形式(大多数)。‎ ‎   B--以不发音的"e"结尾的,要去掉e后再+ing,比如:dancing,making,riding。‎ ‎   C--重读be音节,末尾只有一个辅音,须双写末尾的字母后再+ing ‎ 如:running,swimming,sitting,putting。‎ ‎  12:现在进行时的构成:be动词+动词ing形式。标志:now、look、listen、it's time to。‎ ‎  13:现在进行时的一般疑问句 /问--be动词+人称+时态(动词ing)‎ ‎   答--Yes,he/She/it is/am/are. No,he/She/it isn't/aren't/am not.‎ ‎  14:用Are you...? Yes,I am/ we are. No,I'm not/We aren't.‎ ‎  15: 动词后+人称宾格形式.‎ ‎  16:一般现在时的构成:第三人称单数(三单)。要注意:后面的动词+s或es。‎ ‎   特例:have→has do→dose go→goes; 标志:often,usually。‎ ‎  17:有些名词变动词时要变形式,例如:teacher→teach;driver→drive.‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎
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