2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题非谓语动词外研版

2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题非谓语动词外研版

非谓语动词 ‎【非谓语动词】‎ 非谓语动词是指在句中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分的动词形式，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等，在句中起名词、形容词、副词的作用。非谓语动词包含三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。‎ ‎【动词不定式】‎ ‎1.动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。（要注意省略to的动词不定式）‎ ‎2.动词不定式的用法 句法 功能说明 例句 作主语 常用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后置的不定式。常用句型:It is+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sth.‎ To swim here is very dangerous.=It is very dangerous to swim here.在这儿游泳很危险。‎ 作表语 常位于be动词之后。‎ My job is to clean classrooms.我的工作就是打扫教室。‎ 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语。‎ I decide to go on a trip to Beijing.我决定去北京旅游。‎ 作宾语 补足语 在使役动词make,let和感官动词hear,see,watch等后，省略不定式符号to。‎ My mother allows me to watch TV for a while every night.我妈妈允许我每晚看一会儿电视。‎ 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。‎ Do you have anything to do?你有要做的事吗？‎ 8‎ 作状语 一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。‎ We get up early every morning to catch the early bus.我们每天早上早起是为了赶上早班车。‎ 与疑问词 ‎(what,how,‎ who,which,‎ when...）‎ 构成不定式 短语 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。‎ I really don’t know what to do next.我真的不知道下一步该怎么办。‎ 巧记口诀：‎ 常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词 决定学会有希望（decide,learn,wish,hope，expect）,‎ 同意计划莫假装（agree，plan,pretend),‎ 胆敢拒绝会失败（dare，refuse，fail)，‎ 准备设法来帮忙（prepare,manage,help),‎ 提供请求负担起（offer，beg，afford)，‎ 答应安排理应当(promise,arrange，be supposed)，‎ 以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。‎ ‎【考点训练1】‎ ‎1.She volunteers there once a week ______ (help) kids learn _________ (read).‎ ‎2.If a Swiss(瑞士人) invites you _________ (meet) him or her at noon，then you’re expected ______ (be) there at noon.‎ ‎3.My brother always refuses _____ (let) me _____‎ ‎(watch) my favorite TV show.‎ ‎4.Lily plans ____ The Amazing Race(《极速前进》) tonight. （ ）‎ 8‎ A.watch B.watches C.to watch D.watching ‎5.Our teacher tells us ____ in the street because it’s too dangerous. （ ）‎ A.not play soccer B.not to play soccer C.to not play soccer D.not playing soccer 答案：to help to read to meet to be to let watch C B ‎【动名词】‎ ‎1.动名词由动词的-ing形式构成，其否定形式为：not+doing。‎ ‎2.动名词的用法 句法功能 说明 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Playing games too much is bad for your study.游戏玩得太多不利于你的学习。‎ 作 宾 语 动词 宾语 表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性的动作。‎ I like watching TV very much.我很喜欢看电视。‎ 介词 宾语 要注意to在短语中作介词的情况。‎ I am looking forward to meeting her.我盼望着和她见面。‎ 作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换为作主语。‎ 8‎ Your task is cleaning the windows.= Cleaning the windows is your task.你的任务就是擦窗户。‎ 作定语 只表明所修饰词的用途等，位于所修饰词之前。‎ I bought a new washing machine last month.我上个月买了一台新洗衣机。‎ 巧记口诀：‎ 常见的只跟动名词作宾语的动词（短语）‎ 喜欢不断提建议(enjoy,keep,suggest),‎ 盼望习惯却完毕(look forward to,be used to,finish),‎ 想要花费去练习(feel like,spend,practice),‎ 忍俊不禁还介意(can’t help,mind),‎ 避免放弃不拖延(avoid,give up,put off),‎ 忙于考虑很值得(be busy,consider,be worth),‎ 以上后跟动名词，一定要注意(pay attention to)。‎ 要点提醒:‎ 有些动词（短语）后既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意义有很大不同。如：‎ stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 ‎ stop doing sth.停止做某事 remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）‎ remember doing sth.记得做过某事（动作已发生）‎ forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）‎ forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）‎ try to do sth.努力去做某事 8‎ try doing sth.试着去做某事 go on to do sth.做完一件事,接着去做另外一件事 go on doing sth.继续不停地做某事 mean to do sth.打算、想做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 need to do sth.需要去做某事（主动意义）‎ need doing sth.需要……(被动意义)‎ ‎【考点训练2】‎ ‎1.The man only thought about _______ (save) a life when he jumped into the river.‎ ‎2.Linda has finished __________ (read) the novel.‎ ‎3.I was boiling _________ (drink) water when my mother came back last night.‎ ‎4. _______ (do) eye exercises is good for our eyes.‎ ‎5.—Jane’s spoken English is pretty good.‎ ‎— Yeah，she works hard and practices ______ it both in and out of class. （ ）‎ A.spoke B.speaks ‎ C.speaking D.to speak 答案：saving reading drinking Doing C 分词 ‎1.分词有现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（通常是ed形式）两种。既可构成时态、被动语态，又常作宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分。‎ ‎2.分词的用法 句法功能 说明 例句 8‎ 作定语 单个分词作定语常位于所修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语常位于所修饰词的后面。现在分词表示主动、进行意义，过去分词表示被动、完成意义。‎ He rushed into the burning house.他冲进着火的房子。‎ He is a man loved by all.他是一个受大家爱戴的人。‎ 作状语 现在分词作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。‎ She sat down,listening to their talk.她坐下来，听他们的谈话。‎ 作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征等；过去分词表示某种状态。‎ The story is very interesting.那个故事非常有趣。‎ I’m interested in that book.我对那本书感兴趣。‎ 作宾语 补足语 宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词；反之，为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词。‎ I heard a little boy crying in the small house.我听见有个小男孩正在小房子里哭泣。‎ ‎【考点训练3】‎ ‎1.Snakes don’t have ears but can feel things __________ (move).‎ 8‎ ‎2.It is said that a Chinese ruler _______ (call) Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.‎ ‎3.The boy _______（stand) by the door is my brother.‎ ‎4.Advertising is a highly _________ （develop) industry.‎ ‎5.If you want to make yourself ____________ ‎ ‎（understand)，you’d better speak clearly and slowly.‎ 6. I think it’s impolite to keep others __________ (wait)‎ 答案：moving called standing developed understood waiting ‎【考题热身】‎ ‎1.(2017·长春)I enjoy _________（read) Chinese ancient poems aloud to better understand them.‎ ‎2.(2017·甘肃)The girl expected all her classmates ‎ ‎_________（come) to her party.‎ ‎3.(2017·十堰)He made the decision without ‎ ‎___________（think) twice.‎ ‎4.(2017·鄂州)The doctor did what he could ‎ ‎________（save) the patient’s life.‎ ‎5.(2017·宿迁)The boy has promised _____________（not play) computer games again.‎ ‎6.(2017·毕节)My parents always ask me ____ more vegetables and fruit. （ ）‎ A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.eats ‎7.(2017·鄂州)—Jack hasn’t taken his piano lessons for a long time.‎ ‎—He is considering ___ his piano course and spending more time on his study. （ ）‎ A.to drop B.to throw C.dropping D.throwing ‎8.(2017·哈尔滨改编)My favorite program is Readers.I think we should spend as much time as we can ____ in our spare time. （ ）‎ A.read B.to read 8‎ C.reading D.to reading ‎9.(2017·兰州)A nurse Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother ____ away. （ ）‎ A.naming;is B.naming;will be C.named;is D.named;will be ‎10.(2017·甘肃)I look forward ___ you soon. （ ）‎ A.see B.seeing C.to see D.to seeing ‎11.(2017·临沂)Doctors in the town are using the books _____ their studies and treat patients. （ ）‎ A.continue B.to continue C.continuing D.continues ‎12.(2017·阜康、米泉)Dick ___ in America,but he has been Chinese food since he moved to China. （ ）‎ A.used to live;used to eating B.is used to live;used to eat C.is used to live;used to eating D.used to living;used to eat ‎13.(2017·河南)Whenever we kids come over，Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ___ sure we don’t break anything. （ ）‎ A.make B.made C.to make D.making ‎14.(2017·上海)The workers are busy ___ windows to the new building these days. （ ）‎ A.fix B.fixed C.fixing D.to fix ‎15.(2017·苏州)—Jack，why have you decided _______ Chinese folk music as a course. （ ）‎ ‎—To learn more about Chinese culture.‎ A.take B.taken C.taking D.to take 答案：reading to come thinking to save not to play C C C C D B A C C D ‎ 8‎ 8‎