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2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题数词外研版
数词 【数词】 表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词两类,基数词表示数目的多少,序数词表示顺序。 基数词与序数词 1. 基数词的构成 数字 基数词形式 示例 0~12 独立词 zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve 13~19 个位数+teen(13,15,18稍特殊) thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen 20~90 (整十) 个位数+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有变化) twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety 10 21~99 (非整十)整十位数+“”+个位数 twentyone 21,fiftyfive 55 101~999 (非整百) 百位数与十位数或个位数之间用and连接。 five hundred and nine 509,two hundred and thirtyfive 235 几百、 几千等 在hundred,thousand等词前加基数词。 one hundred,two thousand 1. 序数词的构成 数字 序数词变化规则 示例 1~3 特殊变化 first,second,third 4~19 对应的基数词+th(第5,8,9,12稍不同) 10 fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh, twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth, fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth, eighteenth,nineteenth 20~90 (整十) 将对应的基数词变ty为tie,再加-th twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth 21~99, 101~999 (整十、整 百除外) 只将个位数变为序数词 twentyfirst,thirtyfifth,one hundred and twentyninth 整百、 整千等 在hundred,thousand等词词尾加-th two hundredth,one thousandth 注意:序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成。 如:first-1st sixth-6th 巧记口诀: 基变序,有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三,特殊记,结尾字母t,d,d; 八去t,九去e,f来把ve替; ty将y变ie,后加th别忘记; 要是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。 10 3.基数词与序数词的用法 (1)表示数量(用基数词)。如:I have six pencils.我有六支铅笔。 (2)表示时刻(用基数词) 表达法 示例 时在前,分在后 7:45 seven forty-five 分在前, 时在后 在30分钟(含30分钟)以内时,用“分钟数+past+时数”表示 8:20 twenty past eight 10:15 fifteen past ten 12:30 half past twelve 超过30分钟时,用“分钟数+to+下一时数”表示 6:47 thirteen to seven 9:56 four to ten 11:40 twenty to twelve 几刻钟 二刻钟two quarters 九点一刻a quarter past nine (3)表示年龄(用基数词) 表达法 示例 10 ①基数词(+years old),基数词>1时,year用复数 He’s four(years old).他四岁了。 ②基数词yearold,常作定语,year用单数 She’s an eightyearold girl.她是一个八岁的女孩。 ③“at the age of+基数词”表示“在……岁时” at the age of ten在十岁时 ④“in one’s+整十的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时” in his forties在他四十多岁时 (4) 表示编号 表达法 示例 10 ①名词+基数词(首字母大写) ②the+序数词+名词(首字母不大写) 第一课Lesson One=the first lesson 第九页Page Nine=the ninth page 九年级三班Class Three,Grade Nine 207房间Room 207 (5)表示日期(年、月、日)、年代及世纪 年用基数词,日用序数词,读时前面加定冠词the。年份可整体读,也可以先读前两位数,再读后两位数。 内容 表达法 示例 月,日, 年 月+the+序数词,年 1998年6月3日 June the third,nineteen ninetyeight 日,月, 年 the+序数词+of+月,年 2009年8月25 日 the twentyfifth of August,two thousand and nine 10 年代 “in the+年份的复数形式”表示“在几世纪几十年代” 在20年纪40年代 in the 1940s/1940’s/nineteen forties 世纪 “the+序数词+century”或“the+百位进数+’s” 在21世纪in the twentyfirst/21st century in the 1900’s在20世纪 (6)表示分数、倍数 分数 分子用基数词,分母用序数词 分子为1时,分母用单数 分子>1时,分母加s 1/5 one fifth 注意:1/2通常用a/one half 1/4通常用a/one quarter 2/3two thirds 5/6 five sixths 4/7 four sevenths 倍数 twice表示两倍,两倍以上用基数词+times表示,如:five times五倍 注意: 10 (1)序数词前面通常要加定冠词the,若序数词前有my,his等限定词修饰时,则不加the。如:My parents are in the second photo.我父母在第二张照片里。 (2)序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“又一;再一”。如:You’ve tried two times.Why not try a third time? 你已经试了两次。为何不再试一次呢? (3)“基数词+more+复数名词”表示“又;再”,通常可与“another+基数词+复数名词”的结构互换使用。如:Lucy gave me two more apples. =Lucy gave me another two apples. 露西又给了我两个苹果。 【考点训练1】 1.Helen loves reading.She has read ____ (five) books this month. 2.Sunday is the ______ (one) day of a week. 3.Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her _____________ (seventeen) birthday. 4.You’d better take this medicine ______ (two) a day. 5.Boys and girls,please turn to Page ___ and look at the ___ picture. ( ) A.Sixth;six B.Six;six C.Six;sixth D.Sixth;sixth 答案:five first seventeenth twice C 概数词 1.表示确切的数字(具体数字+概数词+复数名词)hundred,thousand,million等词与具体数字(如one,two)连用时,要用单数形式(其后不加s),一般不与of连用。如: three hundred students三百名学生 2.表示不确切的数字(概数词加s+of+复数名词)hundred,thousand,million等词与of连用时,要用复数形式(其后加s),此时前面不能再加数字。如:thousands of people成千上万的人 【考点训练2】 1.There are about five ________ (thousand) students in our school. 2. _______(million) of people in the world are sending and receiving emails every day. 10 3.It is reported that people throw ___ plastic bags along this street every week. ( ) A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of 答案:thousand Millions D 【考题热身】 1.(2017·云南)The ____________________(thirteen) Games of China will be held in Tianjin from August 27 to September 8. 2.(2017·上海)My school is going to have an open day on the ______(ten) of next month. 3.(2017·盐城)Yancheng has the ________(two) largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province. 4.(2017·长春)Jim’s aunt bought him a new model ship on his ________(seven) birthday. 5.(2017·甘肃)The boy got the ______(one) place in the singing competition. 6.(2017·呼和浩特)—How old is your daughter? — _____ .We had a special party for her ___ birthday yesterday.( ) A.Nine;nine B.Nine;ninth C.Ninth;ninth D.Ninth;nine 7.(2017·毕节)Two ____ students in our school are from the countryside. ( ) A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.hundred D.hundreds 8.(2017·潍坊)—“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently. —Yeah,it receives ___ Internet hits a day. ( ) A.thousands B.thousands of C.thousand D.hundreds 9.(2017·甘肃)There are twelve boys and thirteen girls in Class Four,which means ___ students in total. ( ) A.33 B.25 C.13 D.12 10.(2017·达州)___ of the land in that town ___ covered with trees and grass. ( ) A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are 10 C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are 答案:1.Thirteenth/thirteenth/13th 2.tenth 3.second 4.seventh 5.first 6.B 7.C8.B 9.B10.C 10查看更多