人教版八年级英语unit7whatsthehighestmountainintheworldsectionA

人教版八年级英语unit7whatsthehighestmountainintheworldsectionA

Unit7 What’s the highest mountain in the world? the highest mountain Language goals Talk about geography and nature . 形容词 / 副词的 比较级和最高级 变化规则 和 用法 Try to love our nature. the earth We live on the earth. We have only one earth. China is in Asia . It has the biggest population in the world. It is one of the oldest countries in the world . A: Which is the longest river in China? the Yellow River the Yangtze River B: The Yangtze River . Zhujiang River A: Which is the longest river in the world? B: The Nile . The second longest river in the world -Do you know its name? -It is Amazon . -Do you know how long it is? -It’s about 6,500 kilometers long. Language Goal: Talk about geography and nature Do you know these interest places? Qomolangma Qomolangma runs along the border between China and Nepal. It is covered with snow all the year round. It’s 8844.43 high, the highest in the world. It’s 26 kilometers long. Ask And Answer What’s the highest mountain in the world? How high is it? The Nile is the longest river in the world. It’s more than 6600 kilometers long. It runs through 9 countries, it’s one of the largest river flows through the international states in the world and runs into the Mediterranean Sea( 地中海 ) in the end. The Nile Ask And Answer What’s the longest river in the world? How long is it? The Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the biggest lake in the world. It lies in the border between Asia and Europe. Ask And Answer What’s the deepest salt lake in the world? How deep is it? The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. It is located in the northern Africa, climate conditions are very bad, is one of the earth's most not suitable for biological survival. The Sahara Ask And Answer What’s the biggest desert in the world? How big is it? The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world, the first Asian rivers. It’s 6211.31 kilometers long. The Yangtze River Basin, east-west width of 3219 kilometers, about 966 kilometers wide north-south, passing through 11 provinces. It runs into the East Sea in Shanghai finally. The Yangtze River Ask And Answer What/Which is the ~est …in the world? How big/deep/long/high is it? What is the highest mountain in the world? What is the longest river in Asia?... … Talk about these pictures in pairs. Qomolangma about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size The Sahara 1,025 meters deep The Caspian Sea 6,671 kilometers long The Nile 8,844.43 meters high 1a. Match the facts you know. …8,844 meters high . …8,844 米高 … meters high (long, wide…) …… 米高（长，宽 ……) 。 英语表示“有多长（宽，高 …… ）”时，一般 将数词和数量单位放在表示长宽高的形容词前作状语 。 e.g. The wall is 1.7 metres wide . Explaination Review adj n long length wide width deep depth high height tall tallness thick thickness 。。的高度 。。的人口 。。的长度 。。的速度 the height of the population of the length of the speed of 你能写出它的同义句吗 ？ The mountain is 1,500 meters high . The mountain is 1,500 meters in height. The height of the mountain is 1,500 meters. 翻译句子 1. 这张桌子两米长，一米宽。 2. 这座山有 1500 米高。 3. 这栋楼 120 米高。 4. 这本字典有五厘米厚。 5. 这个湖有多深？ 1025 米深。 The table is two meters long and one meter wide . The mountain is 1,500 meters high . The building is 120 meters tall . The dictionary is five centimeters thick. How deep is the lake? It’s 1, 0 25 meters deep . 1. Qomolangma is ________ than any other mountain in the world. 2. The Sahara is __________ desert in the world. 3. The Caspian Sea is __________ of all the salt lakes. 4. The Nile is ___________ river in the world. 1b. Listen and complete the sentences. higher the biggest the deepest the longest 1c. Use the information in 1b to make conversations. A: What is the highest mountain in the world? B: Qomolangma . A: What is the biggest desert in the world? B: Sahara. A: What is the deepest salt lake in the world? B: Caspian sea. Pair work A: What is the longest river in the world? B: Nile. ______ The Yangtze River is about ________ kilometers long and the Yellow River is __________ kilometers long. ____ China has the biggest population in the world. It’s a lot bigger than the population of the US. 2a. Listen and number the facts [ 1-4] in the order you hear them. 6,300 5,000 5,464 300 2 4 ____ China is over ________ years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The US is not even_______ years old. ____ China is almost as big as the US, and it is the biggest country in Asia. 1 3 2b. Listen again and fill in the blanks in 2a with the numbers in the box. ______ The Yangtze River is about ________ kilometers long and the Yellow River is __________ kilometers long. ____ China has the biggest population in the world. It’s a lot bigger than the population of the US. 6,300 5,000 5,464 300 2 4 6,300 5,464 ____ China is over ________ years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The US is not even_______ years old. ____ China is almost as big as the US, and it is the biggest country in Asia. 1 3 5,000 300 A: Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? B: Yes, I did. It’s much older than my country. 2c. Make conversations using the information in 2a. Group work Guide ： Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour. Tourist 1 ： How long is the wall? Guide ： Ah, the most popular question! If we’re only talking about the parts from the Ming Dynasty, it’s about 8,850 kilometers long. This makes it the longest wall in the world. 2d. Role-play the conversation. Tourist 2: Wow, that’s amazing! Why did the ancient emperors build the wall? Guide: The main reason was to protect their part of the country. As you can see ， it’s quite tall and wide. As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this. Tourist 3: Is Badaling part of the Ming Great Wall? Guide: Yes, it’s the most famous part. 3a. Read the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas. Qomolangma — the Most Dangerous Mountain in the World? One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest and is the most famous. It is 8,844.43 meters high and so is very dangerous to climb. Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. The first people to reach the top were Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29,1953. The first Chinese team did so in I960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. Why do so many climbers risk their lives ? One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties . The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams . It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature. Paragraph 1 Spirit of climbers Paragraph 2 Achievements of climbers Paragraph 3 Facts and dangers Paragraph 1 List four dangers for climbers: thick clouds Snow slide; Freezing weather conditions; Heavy storm; 3b. Read the article again and complete the chart. Paragraph 2 List three achievements: 1953 - Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to reach the top; 1960 - The first Chinese team did so; 1975 – the Japanese Junko Tabei succeeded doing so. Paragraphs 1 & 3 List four comparisons: most dangerous sport; most popular places; the highest mountain; the most famous mountain Where are the Himalayas? 2. How high is Qomolangma? 3c. Answer the questions using information from the article. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. It is 8,844.43 meters high. 3. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous? 4. What does the spirit of the climbers tell us? One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature. 一 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级 1. good 2. comfortable 3. big 4. happy 5. cheap 6. many 7. difficult 8. little 1. good 2. comfortable 3. big 4. happy 5. cheap 6. many 7. difficult 8. little better best more ～ most ～ bigger biggest happier happiest cheaper cheapest more most more ～ most ～ less least 1. Lily gets up ______ (early) than Lucy. 2. Which goes __________ (slowly), Tom or Jim? 3.This book is _______________ (interesting) than that one. earlier more slowly more interesting 二 根据所给词的适当形式填空 4. She works ________________ (careful) in her school. 5. Who goes to bed _________ (late) Jim, Tom or Jack? 6. I think turkey is ________________ (delicious) of all. the most carefully latest the most delicious Homework Can you think of more examples to show …is the most…in the world? Compete with your classmates. Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world? Section A Grammar Focus Grammar Focus What's the highest mountain in the world? Qomolangma. How high is Qomolangma? It's 8,844.43 meters high. It's higher than any other mountain. Which is the deepest salt lake in the world? The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? Yes, I did. It's much older than the US. 4a. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. 1. The Amazon River is one of the _________ rivers in the world. It’s a little ________ than the Yangtze River. 2. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters_______. big much popular long old high longest longer high It’s one of the most __________ places for serious mountain climbers. 3. No ocean in the world is as ________ as the Pacific Ocean. 4. Although Japan is __________ than Canada, it is _________smaller. popular big older much e.g. Two rivers ： _________________ and _________________ ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 4b. Write two comparisons about two topics. Write true facts. the Yangtze River the Amazon River The Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River. The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the longest river in China. Two cities ： __________ and __________ 1.______________________________________ 2.______________________________________ _____________________________________ Two animals ： __________ and __________ 1.______________________________________ 2.______________________________________ _____________________________________ Pair work 4c. Write five questions using comparisons. Then ask your partner your questions. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ What is the highest building in our city? Who is the oldest people in our city? What is the most popular street in our city? What is the most delicious food in our city? Where is the busiest road in our city? Grammar Focus ( 一 ) 数词 Numeral 数词是用来表示事物的数目和顺序的词。 数词的分类： 1. 基数词 2. 序数词 3. 分数词 今天我们先来学习一下基数词。 1. 复习 1—100 以内的所有数字。 2. 掌握百、千、万、十万、百万的表达法。 1 、 1-19 的基数词 one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8 nine 9 ten 10 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14 fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seventeen 17 eighteen 18 nineteen 19 2 、 20 — 90 等十位数 twenty 20 thirty 30 forty 40 fifty 50 sixty 60 seventy 70 eighty 80 ninety 90 twenty-one 21 twenty-two 22 ……………… 其它的十位数照此类推，如： thirty-one 31 forty-two 42 seventy-five 75 ninety-six 96 3 、百、千、万 百 hundred 100 one hundred 200 two hundred 以此类推 ···· 千 thousand 1 000 one thousand 2 000 two thousand········· 英语里没有“万”这一单位， 万也用 thousand 表示。如： 10 000 ten thousand 一万 20 000 twenty thousand 两万 ····· 4 、十万、百万 十万的说法是： 100.000 a (one) hundred thousand 200.000 two hundred thousand million 百万 a (one) million 1,000,000 two million 2,000,000 ········ 以此类推 ······ 8,000,000 eight million 练一练 345 1001 18,657,421 three hundred and forty-five one thousand ( and) one eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-one The project lasted 5 years and cost 2 billion dollars. 2. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 3. One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 表示确定数量时 用基数词 + hundred ， thousand ， million ， billion 多位基数词读法 457 890 608 389 three hundred and eighty-nine four hundred and fifty-seven eight hundred and ninety six hundred and eight 1 ） 101~999 的三位数由 “百位数＋ and+ 两位数组成”。 如： 325—three hundred and twenty-five 102 one hundred and two 635 six hundred and thirty-five 2) 三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数加一个逗号，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表 thousand, 第二个逗号代表 million , 第三个逗号是 billion ，注意 这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不能加 and 。例如： 2,648 two thousand , six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million , two hundred and fifty thousand , sixty-four 确切数目与不确切数目的表达 ： hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前面有 基数词， 表示确切数目时，用单数，后直接 接复数名词； 如： three hundred books one hundred people five thousand students seven million starts 表示不确切数目时，这类词后加 -s 且与 of 连 用。 如： hundred s of people thousand s of students million s of birds billion s of lions 注意：这类短语中，名词前如有定冠词、指 示代词或形容词性物主代词时，可加 of, 但 表示的是范围。如： two hundred of the workers 工人中的二百（人） Grammar Focus ( 二 ) 形容词的比较级和最高级 comparatives and superlatives with adj. and adv. short - shorter small - smaller nice nicer safe safer - - - - - - big thin heavy heavier happy happier 找规律： big bigger thin thinner delicious – more delicious interesting – more interesting important— more important carefully--- more carefully quickly--- more quickly slowly--- more slowly easily--- more easily 找规律： 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级 。 一、 形容词比较级的构成 1. 构成的不规则变化 : 2. 构成的规则变化 : 形容词和副词的比较级 1. 构成的不规则变化 : e.g. good / well – better – best bad / badly – worse – worst many / much – more – most little – less – least far – farther / further – farthest/ furthest 2. 构成的规则变化 : 1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾 后加 -er 构成比较级 或 - est 构成最高级 . 如： 原级 比较级 最高级 cold –—— cold er –—— cold est bright——— bright er ———bright est young—— young er —— young est 2) 以字母 e 结尾的词只加 –r 或 -st 构成 比较级 和 最高级 。 原级 比较级 最高级 nice ——— nic er –——— nic est fine——— fin er ———— fin est large —— larg er ———— larg est 3) 重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母 时 , 先双写这个辅音字母 , 再加 -er 或 -est 。 如 : big – bigger – biggest thin – thinner – thinnest 4) 以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节词， 先改 y 为 i, 再加 -er 或 -est 。如： easy – easier – easiest happy – happier – happiest 5) 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加 more 或 most 。如： delicious – more delicious – most delicious interesting – more interesting – most interesting important—more important —most important carefully---more carefully--most carefully quickly---more quickly ---most quickly slowly---more slowly ---most slowly easily--- more easily ---most easily 形容词 最高级 的构成 A: tall short quick thick light cool warm quiet wild calm the -- est tall taller tallest B: heavy easy tidy dry busy happy healthy hungry early y -- i-- est C: large late nice -- st big gest D: big hot hot test thin “ 双写” thin nest wet wet test fat fat test Adjective delicious dangerous interesting popular beautiful careful friendly the most -- adj . Adjective better best far little worse worst more most farther farthest less least good well bad badly many much 1 . good 2. comfortable 3. big 4. happy 5. cheap 6. many 7. difficult 8. little better best more comfortable most comfortable bigger biggest happier happiest cheaper cheapest more most more difficult most difficult less least 用法：英语中三者或三者以上相比较，表示 “最 ……” 这样的最高程度概念时，要用 “ the+ 最高级” 的结构表示。这种句式一般带有表示比较的介词短语，比如 : in our class, of the three 等。 例如： Wang Lin is the tallest in our class. This theater is the cheapest of the three. 注意使用最高级时应注意以下几点： 形容词的最高级 (1) 表示 “最 …… 之一” 的句式，要用 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词。 例如 : Jingjiang Hotel is one of the biggest hotels in our city. Lisa is not one of my best friends. (2) 当最高级前面有物主代词或名词所有格时， 不加定冠词 the 。 例如： Tom is Lucy’s best friend. Tuesday is her busiest day. (3) 最高级前可加序数词。 例如： The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. (4) 形容最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 例如： He is the laziest (student) in our class. 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 规则变化 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词比较级直接加 -er, 最高级直接加 -est 。如： clever—cleverer—cleverest cheap—cheaper—cheapest few—fewer—fewest small—smaller—smallest young—younger—youngest b. 以 -e 结尾的形容词，比较级 + -r, 最高级 + -st 。如： large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest cute—cuter—cutest c. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的形容词，变 y 为 i +er 或 +est 。 busy—busier—busiest heavy—heavier—heaviest easy—easier—easiest happy—happier—happiest dirty—dirtier—dirtiest d. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母结 尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 +er 或 +est 。 如： big—bigger—biggest thin—thinner—thinnest fat—fatter—fattest hot—hotter—hottest e. 多音节和部分双音节形容词，需在原级前 +more 构成比较级， + most 构成最高级。如： important—more important—most important beautiful—more beautiful– most beautiful difficult—more difficult—most difficult 3. 不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 good /well better best bad /ill worse worst little less least many /much more most far farther /further farthest /furthest old older /elder oldest /eldest 最高级规则变化口诀 ： 最高级，很容易，一般词尾加 est 。 (cheap-the cheapest) 词尾若有哑音 e, 直接就加 st 。 (close-the closest) 重读闭音节 , 单辅音字母要双写。 (big-the biggest) 辅音字母加 y, 记得把 y 变为 i 。 (friendly-the friendliest) 多音节，考考你， the most 到底加哪里？ (popular-the most popular) 1.We are going to the Green Restaurant for lunch. ( 就划线部分提问 ) ____________ you going for lunch? 2. Sam is the shortest in his class. ( 改为同义句 ) Sam is ________ than ___ _ _ ____ student in his class. Sam is _______ than _____ _____ students in his class. Sam is _______ than______ __ ______ in his class. 3. How do you like Screen City? ( 改为同义句 ) _______ do you __________ Screen City? Where are shorter any other What think of shorter the other anyone else shorter 练习：改写句子 The Comparative Superlative Degrees of Adjectives & Adverbs 总 结 形容词和副词 比较级和最高级 late lat er - lat est early earl ier – earl iest big big ger- big gest fluently/difficult more ～ , most ～ 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个 辅音字母双写加 –er 或 –est 单音节词在词尾比较级加 - er 或最高级加 - est 以 e 结尾的词，只需加－ r 或－ st 以辅音字母加 y 结尾双音节词变 y 为 i 加 –er 或 –est 部分双音节和多音节词在原级前加 more 或 most 少数以 er,ow 结尾的双音节词加 -er -est tall tall er - tall est clever clever er -clever est cheap, cold, small, warm, young, high fine, nice, safe happy , busy, dirty, easy, lazy, pretty fat, hot, red, thin, wet, sad narrow, yellow quickly, slowly, useful, careful, popular, modern, 形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成 ( 规则变化 ) 　 不规则变化 good / well – better - best much / many – more - most bad / badly / ill – worse – worst little – less – least far – farther/ further– farthest – furthest old – older/ elder – oldest / eldest 形容词和副词比较级的用法 1.Who runs faster , he or she? 2.He runs faster than she . 3.He runs much faster than she . 4.He becomes healthier and healthier . 5. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. 6.She is less healthy than he . 1. 表示两者之间的选择 , 可用“ Which/Who … + 比较， …or…?”. 2. 表示两者之间的比较，通常用连词 than 引导， 表示“更 ······ 一些”． 3.much/far/a lot, even ,still ,a little/a bit … 修饰比较级 , 表示程度 . Who runs faster , he or she? He runs faster than she. He runs much faster than she. 4. “ 比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越 ……” 5. “the+ 比较级 , the + 比较级”表示“ 越 …, 越 …” 6. 表示不及另一方时，用“ less+ 原级 +than…” 　 ( 双音节和多音节词 ) He becomes healthier and healthier . The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. She is less healthy than he. He is healthier than she. Shanghai is becoming more and more modern. 1. 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越 … 2.the+ 比较级 , the + 比较级　 越 …, 越 … 3 ._______________you are, _________mistakes you will make. ( 你 越仔细 ，做错的题目就 越少 ） 4. __________you eat, _________you’ll be. ( 你吃得 越多 , 就 越胖 ) 5. Alice writes well. Mary writes _________________ than she. ( 甚至更好） The more careful the fewer The more the fatter 1.The girl becomes ______________________. ( 越来越漂亮） more and more beautiful 2. The weather is getting _________________. ( 越来越槽糕） worse and worse even / still better 1. 表示三者或三者以上比较 , 可用” Which/Who … + 最高级 ,…,…or …?” 表示 . 2. 最高级 +of/among ( 同类比较 ) in… ( 范围比较 ) 4.one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数表示“最 … 之一” 3. 序数词修饰最高级 形容词和副词的最高级的用法 Who is the tallest , Tom , Mike , or Jack? Tom is the tallest of the three. Mike is the second tallest student in our class. Jack is one of the tallest student s in our class. Tom runs (the) fastest in our class. 3. Lin Tao is __________________________ in the class because he never gets to school on time. （最懒的学生之一） 4. Edison was_________________________ in the world. 　 ( 最伟大的发明家之一） one of the laziest student s one of the greatest inventor s The Yangtze River is__________________ river in the world. ( 第三长河） the third longest 2. The Atlantic is __________________ ocean in the world. ( 第二大洋） the second biggest Exercise: 一、翻译句子： 二、同义句转换 1. Flat A is more expensive than Flat B Flat B is _____ __________ than Flat A. Flat B is ________ _______ Flat A. Flat B is not ____ __________ ___ Flat A. 2. I prefer maths to English. I like maths __________________ English. better than 3.He is the tallest student in the class. He is ______________________________ in the class. taller than any other student any other + 　名词单数 less expensive cheaper than as expensive as 1.Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _________ island in china. ( large ) 2. Our teacher is as ______ as before. ( busy ). 3.He is ______________ among us. ( careful ) 4.Li Lei jumped far ______ than Jim. (far) 5.The busier he is, the ________ he feels. ( happy ) 6.I think Yao Ming is one of ____________ basketball players in NBA. ( hot ) busy the most careful farther happier largest the hottest 三、完成句子 Homework Practice with your classmates to speak and write large numbers. Write some number cars and put them in your room. Whenever you see, read them quickly.