中考英语学习重点知识讲解

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中考英语学习重点知识讲解

‎ 中考英语学习重点知识讲解 有关angry的三个搭配 搭配1‎ be angry with (at) sb 对某人生气 He was angry with [at] his wife. 他对他妻子很生气。‎ The teacher was angry with [at] me when I was late. 我迟到时老师对我很生气。‎ 注:表示对某人生气,用介词 with 比用介词 at 常用。有人认为:用 with 表示心中感到生气,而用 at 则表示怒气流露于外表;也有人认为用介词 at 为口语或非正式文体等。不过值得注意的是,不要按汉语意思说 be angry to sb。‎ 搭配2‎ be angry at [about] sth 对某事生气 The teacher was rather angry at what you said. 老师对你说的话相当生气。‎ The man was angry at being kept waiting. 这个人因别人让他久等而很恼火。‎ My sister was angry about missing the film. 没看上那部电影我妹妹很气恼。‎ 注:表示对某事生气,介词 about 和 at 都可用,有人认为:介词 at 后接某人之言行,而 about 之后接某事, 但这种区别并不十分严格,两者有时可换用。但是,表示对某事生气,通常不能用介词 with(from )。‎ 搭配3‎ be angry for sth 因为某事而生气 I was angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake. ‎ 我因为犯了这么愚蠢的错误而在生自己的气。‎ He was angry with me for not having done anything. 因为我什么也没做,他对我很生气。‎ along with与get along ‎1. along with的用法 ‎(1) 随同……一起。如:‎ Mother sent me some money along with her letter. 母亲随信给我寄来了一些钱。‎ ‎(2) 除……之外。如:‎ Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol. 除酒之外,烟草在大多数国家都要征税。‎ ‎(3) 与……一起(一道)。如:‎ The teacher worded along with the students. 老师同学一起干。‎ He went on the journey along with his two friends. 他与他的两位朋友一起去旅行。‎ 注:以上三个用法的实质意思是一样的。‎ ‎2. get along的用法 ‎(1) 进行,进展。如:‎ How are you getting along with your English? 你的英语学得怎样? ‎ ‎(2) 相处。如(from ):‎ He doesn’t get along well with his classmates. 他与同学相处不好。‎ all短语用法详解 ‎1. all along 一直,在整个期间。如:‎ I thought all along that he would win. 我一直认为他会赢。‎ We know all along that he is going to make it. 我们始终认为他是会成功的。‎ ‎2. all over 到处,各处,全身。如:‎ We looked all over for the watch. 我们到处找过那块表。‎ She was like her mother all over. 她处处像她妈妈。‎ I was aching all over after the match. 比赛后我全身都痛。‎ He painted the wall green all over. 他把墙全漆成绿色。‎ ‎3. in all ‎ ‎(1) 一共,合计。如:‎ There are 100 people in all. 一共有100人。‎ That’s $15 in all. 一共15美元。‎ ‎(2) 总之,简言之。如(from ):‎ In all, the book is worth reading. 总之,这本书值得一读。‎ ‎4. at all ‎(1) 用于否定句,意为:根本不、一点也不。如:‎ It wasn’t difficult at all. 这一点也不难。‎ There was nothing to eat at all. 根本没什么可吃的。‎ 注:在否定句中,at all 可位于句末,也可跟在否定词后。如:‎ He isn’t tired at all. / He’s not at all tired. 他一点也不累。‎ 另外,在口语中单独说 not at all, 可用来回答感谢或道歉。如:‎ A:thank you very much. 多谢你了。‎ B:Not at all. 不客气。‎ A:I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。‎ B:Oh, not at all. 噢,没关系(from )。‎ ‎(2) 用于疑问句,意为:到底、究竟、难道不。如:‎ Are you at all worried about it? 你难道对此不担心吗? ‎ Have you read any of the report at all? 那份报告你到底有没有读一点? ‎ ‎(3) 用于条件句(用来加强if的语气),意为:假若、既然、即使、反正。如:‎ If you do it at all, do it well. 既然要做,就把它做好。‎ ‎(4) 用于肯定句(较少见), 意为:不管怎样、竟然。如:‎ I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪, 他竟然来了。‎ 有关air的三个常用短语 ‎1. by air 乘飞机。如:‎ He went to Paris by air. 他乘飞机去了巴黎。‎ Which is faster, by air or by train? 坐飞机快还是坐火车快? ‎ ‎2. in the air 在空中;在流传中;渺茫。如:‎ Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞。‎ The plan is quite (up) in the air. 计划还相当渺茫。‎ ‎3. on the air 在广播中。如(from ):‎ I heard the news on the air. 我在广播中听到了这条消息。‎ What’s on the air this evening? 今晚有什么广播节目? ‎ ‎ ‎ ahead of与go ahead ‎1. ahead of的用法 ‎(1) 表示时间或空间,意为:在……之前。如: ‎ He left one day ahead of me. 他比我早走一天。‎ A new life lay ahead of him. 新的生活展现在他面前。‎ ‎(2) 表示能力、水平、地位或先进性等方面,意为:比……强或高(主要用作表语)。如:‎ He’s ahead of us in English. 他的英语比我们强。‎ He is two classes ahead of me. 他比我高两班。‎ ‎(3) 用于 ahead of time (schedule),意为:提前、提早。如:‎ To my surprise he came ahead of time. 使我吃惊的是,他提前来了。‎ The work was done ahead of schedule. 工作提前完成了。‎ ‎2. go ahead的用法 ‎(1) 表示同意或允许,意为:说吧、做吧。如:‎ A:Can I borrow your dictionary? 你可以用你的词典吗? ‎ B:Yes, go ahead. 可以(from )。‎ A:Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这儿抽烟可以吗? ‎ B:No, go ahead. 没关系,你抽吧(from )。‎ ‎(2) 表示继续做某事,意为:继续……吧。如:‎ Go ahead, we are all listening. 继续讲吧,我们都在听呢! ‎ Go ahead, what happened next? 说吧,下步怎么办? ‎ 有关agree的用法与搭配 搭配1 agree with ‎(1) 表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等 (即持同一观点)。如:‎ I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。‎ We agree with what you say. 我们同意你说的。‎ ‎(2) 表示“(食物、天气、工作等)对……适宜”。如:‎ The food does not agree with me. 这食物对我不适合。‎ Hard work does not agree with him. 艰苦的工作对他不适宜。‎ ‎(3) 表示“与……一致”。如:‎ His story agrees with the facts. 他的陈述与事实相符(from )。‎ A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. 动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。‎ 搭配2 agree to ‎ ‎(1) 后接某些名词,表示同意或接受某事,尤其指别人提出的某事,有时可能是自己不喜欢的事。‎ He agree the plan (the date). 他同意了这个计划(日期)。‎ We agreed to their arrangement. 我们同意了他们的安排。‎ I was forced to agree to it, but at heart I didn’t quite agree with it. 我被迫答应,但内心并不完全同意。‎ ‎(2) 后接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号)或动名词(一般有逻辑主语,此时 to 是介词)。如:‎ We agreed to leave early. 我们同意早点出发。‎ She agreed to my going home. 她同意我回去。‎ 注:英语不说 agree sb to do sth。如不说:‎ ‎* She agreed me to go home. (from )‎ 搭配3 agree on [upon]‎ ‎(1) 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。如:‎ Can we agree on a price (a date)? 我们能不能商定一个价格(日期)? ‎ Both sides agreed on these terms. 双方都同意这些条件。‎ 注:在正式文体中,有时可省略介词 on。如:‎ Can we agree a price (date)? (from )‎ ‎(2) 后接动名词,表示同意做某事。如:‎ He agreed on helping us. 他同意帮助我们。‎ 注:与 agree to do sth 大致同义。所以上句也可说成:‎ He agreed to help us. ‎ 有关age的两个短语 ‎1. at the age of 在……年龄时。如:‎ I left school at the age of 18. 我中学毕业时18岁。‎ He got married at the age of 25. 他25岁时结婚。‎ 注:at the age of 20 (在20岁时)也可说成 at age 20。‎ ‎2. at one’s age 在某人的年龄岁数时。如:‎ At your age you should know better. 你这个年纪应该比较明白事理了。‎ She ought to be earning her own living at her age. 像她这样的年纪应该自食其力了。‎ When I was your age, I had to work. 我像这样大的时候,我得工作了。‎ other,the other,another与others的用法区别 这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下:‎ ‎1. 指单数时,若泛指用another,若特指用 the other(后接单数名词):‎ Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。‎ Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。‎ ‎2. 指复数时,若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词):‎ There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。‎ Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里? (from )‎ ‎3. others永远表示复数意义,且其后不能再接名词。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other+复数名词”:‎ Other people [Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。‎ He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。‎ ‎4. another一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时,则也可接复数名词(from ):‎ I shall stay another few months. 我将再待几个月。‎ They’ll give you another thousand dollars. 他们还会给你一千美元。‎ ‎5. 与 some 对比使用时,用 others(此时与 some 同义):‎ Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对,有人说不对。‎ ‎(a) few与(a) little的用法区别 ‎1. few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:‎ Few people like such things. 没什么人喜欢那样的东西。‎ A few people like such things. 有少数人喜欢那样的东西。‎ ‎2. little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似:‎ He knows little English. 他几乎不懂英语。‎ He knows a little English. 他懂一点点英语。‎ every与each的用法区别 两者均可表示“每一个”,every侧重于从总体上考虑,而each则侧重从个体方面考虑。在具体使用它们注意以下几点:‎ ‎1. each 既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接of短语;而every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语:‎ Each is good. 每个都很好。(不能用every)‎ Each of the students has seen it. 每个学生见过它。(不能用every)‎ ‎2. each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every 指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each:‎ There are trees on each side of the road. 路两边都有树。‎ ‎3. every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰,但 each 却不能:‎ 正:Almost every student has read the book. 差不多每个学生都读过这本书。‎ 误:Almost each student has read the book. (from )‎ ‎ ‎ much too与too much的用法区别 两者结构相似,很容易混淆。它们在用法上的区别是:much too=too,但前者语气更强;too much=much,但前者语气更强:‎ He drives much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。‎ He’s much too young. 他太年轻了。‎ The shoes are much too small for me. 这鞋子我穿太小了。‎ ‎90 miles an hour is much too fast. 一个钟头开90 英里太快了。‎ There is too much rain. 雨水太多了。‎ You’re asking too much. 你要求太高(from )。‎ You have given me too much. 你已经给我太多了。‎ I’ve got too much work to do. 我要干的工作太多。‎ You put too much salt in this food. 这个菜里你盐搁得太多了。‎ The room was small and contained far too much furniture. 房间很小而家具实在太多。‎ We have already taken up too much of your valuable time. 我们已经占用了你过多的宝贵时间。‎ very,much与very much的用法区别 ‎(1) very 主要修饰形容词或副词:‎ The woman is very beautiful. 那个女人很美。‎ He did it very carefully. 这事他做得很仔细。‎ 修饰副词 too(太),要用 much,不能用very:‎ He is much too busy to see you. 他太忙不能见你。‎ ‎(2) much 主要修饰动词,除非其前有very, too, so 等修饰语,一般只用于否定句和疑问句:‎ She doesn’t like him much. 她不太喜欢他(from )。‎ Does she much like him? / Does she like him much? 她很喜欢他吗?‎ She likes him very much. 她很喜欢他。‎ 不带修饰语的much有时也可能用在肯定句中修饰动词,但这只限于 regret, admire, prefer 等少数动词,且此时的 much 应置于句中,而不是句末:‎ I much regret what I said. 我非常后悔我说过的话。‎ ‎(3) much 除修饰动词外,还可修饰比较级和最高级等:‎ It is much colder today. 今天冷多了(from )。‎ This book is much the most interesting. 这本书是最最有趣的。‎ very 有时也可修饰最高级 (注意要放在冠词之后):‎ This is the very cheapest one. 这是最最便宜的。‎ almost与nearly的用法区别 ‎(1) 两者均可表示“几乎”、“差不多”,有时可换用:‎ It’s almost [nearly] impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。‎ It’s almost [nearly]10 o抍lock. 差不多10点钟了。‎ He is almost [nearly] as tall as her. 他差不多与她一样高。‎ Almost [Nearly] all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。‎ 两者虽可互换,但有时almost比nearly表示更接近的程度。‎ ‎(2) 用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词前,可用almost,但不能用 nearly:‎ Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。‎ He has almost no money. 他几乎没钱(from )。‎ ‎(3) nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词修饰:‎ It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不如你想像的那么难。‎ sometime,some time,sometimes的用法区别 三者形式相似,但用法不同,区别如下:‎ ‎(1) sometime 意为“某个时候”,此时也可写成 some time (即分开写):‎ I will go home sometime [some time] next week. 下个星期的某个时候我要回家。‎ ‎(2) some time 作为副词词组,意为“某个时候”(= sometime);作为名词词组,意为“一段时间”(不能写成 sometime):‎ I will write again some time. 我回头再给你写信。‎ We lived in the country for some time. 我们在农村住过一段时间。‎ ‎(3) sometimes 意为“有时” (from ):‎ He sometimes comes very late. 他有时来得很迟。‎ quite,rather,very的用法区别 三者均可表示程度,但程度的高低不同,所表达的语气也不同,一般说来,rather 比 quite 语气强,very比rather语气强。另外,在用法上它们有如下区别:‎ ‎(1) 这三个词中,只有 rather 可以与比较级和副词 too (太)连用:‎ It’s rather colder today. 今天冷多了。‎ The exercise was rather too difficult. 这练习太难了点。‎ quite 有时也与比较级连用, 但通常只限于 quite better (身体健康)这一表达中:‎ I’m quite better now. 我现在好多了。‎ ‎(2) rather 和 quite 有时可直接修饰动词, 而 very 不能这样用:‎ I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你(的意见)。‎ We rather like the book. 我们很喜欢这本书(from )。‎ ‎(3) 修饰right, wrong, impossible, alone等不可分级的形容词,通常只用 quite,而不用 rather 或 very。此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”,而表示“完全”:‎ You’re quite right (wrong). 你完全正确(错了)。‎ That’s quite impossible. 那完全不可能(from )。‎ also,too,either和as well用法区别 四者均可表示“也”,区别如下:‎ ‎(1) too 和 as well 多用于口语中,语气较轻,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句,且通常放在句末。如:‎ I like you too [as well]. 我也喜欢你。‎ Are they coming too [as well]? 他们也来吗?‎ 在 Me too, You too 这类简略答语中,通常不用 as well, also。如:‎ A:I’m tired. 我累了。‎ B:Me too. 我也是(from )。‎ ‎(2) also 比 too 和 as well 正式,一般也不用于否定句,它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,即放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后。有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见)。如:‎ He also came. / He came also. 他也来了。‎ She is young and beautiful,and also rich. 她年轻漂亮,而且有钱。‎ also 有时用于句首(其后通常有逗号),相当于连词 and。如:‎ Also, his mother was dead. 再说,他母亲又过世了。‎ ‎(3) either(也)通常只用于否定句,且要放在句末。如:‎ I don’t know, either. 我也不知道(from )。‎ He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。‎ ‎ ‎ also, too, either 与 as well 的用法区别 这四个词均可表示“也”,其区别如下:‎ ‎1. too 和 as well 多用于口语中,语气较轻,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句,且通常放在句末。如:‎ I like you too [as well]. 我也喜欢你。‎ Are they coming too [as well]? 他们也来吗?‎ too 有时也紧跟在主语后(注: as well 不这样用),此用法较正式。如:‎ I, too, know where he lives. 我也知道他住在什么地方。‎ 注意:在 Me too, You too这类简略答语中,通常不用 as well或also。如:‎ A:I’m tired. 我累了。‎ B:Me too. 我也是(from )。‎ ‎2. also 比 too 和 as well 正式,一般也不用于否定句,它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,即放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后。有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见)。如:‎ He also came. / He came also. 他也来了。‎ She is young and beautiful,and also rich. 她年轻漂亮,而且有钱。‎ 说明:also 有时用于句首(其后通常有逗号),相当于连词 and。如:‎ Also, his mother was dead. 再说,他母亲又过世了。‎ ‎3. either(也)通常只用于否定句,且要放在句末。如:‎ I don’t know, either. 我也不知道。‎ He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。‎ 注意:有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句,可能用 too,also。如:‎ He came, but she didn’t also came. 他来了,但她没有也一起来(from )。‎ He went to Washington, but not to New York too. 他去了华盛顿,但并不是也去了纽约。‎ 比较(from ):‎ He didn’t buy a computer, and she didn’t either. 他没买电脑,她也没买。‎ He bought a computer, but she didn’t too. 他买了台电脑,但她没有也买台电脑。‎ almost 与 nearly的用法异同 一、相同之处 两者均可表示“几乎”“差不多”,均可修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等,此时两者常可换用。如:‎ It’s almost [nearly] impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。(修饰形容词)‎ He almost [nearly] always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。(修饰副词)‎ He fell and almost [nearly] broke his leg. 他摔了一跤,险些摔断了腿。(修饰动词)‎ Almost [Nearly] all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。(修饰不定代词)‎ 注意:修饰动词时,通常应放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后(见上例);修饰形容词、副词、名词等时,通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前,否则会造成错误。如:‎ ‎◎他工作了几乎一整天。‎ 正:He worked almost all day.‎ 误:He almost worked all day.‎ ‎◎我们当中几乎每一个人都读过这本书。‎ 正:Almost every one of us read the book.‎ 误:Every one of us almost read the book.‎ 二、不同之处 ‎1. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用。如:‎ Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。‎ Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。‎ I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。‎ 但是,两者都可用在否定动词之前。如(from ):‎ He almost [nearly] didn’t catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。‎ ‎2. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如: ‎ It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。‎ The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。‎ 注:not nearly 意为“远非”,very [pretty] nearly 意为“几乎”,都是习语。‎ ‎3. 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同),此时不用 nearly。如:‎ I almost wish I’d stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着(from )。‎ Our cat understands everything — he’s almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂——快通人性了。‎ and还是or 一、在否定句中的用法比较 在通常情况下,在肯定句中用and,相应的否定句中则用 or。如:‎ He has brothers and sisters. 他有兄弟姐妹。‎ He has no brothers or sisters. 他既没有兄弟也没有姐妹。‎ They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞(即载歌载舞)。‎ They didn’t sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。‎ 但是,在某些特殊情况下,即使是否定句也得用and。如:‎ Drivers must not drink and drive. 司机不准酒后驾车。‎ 若将此句中的 and 改为 or,反而不合理了:‎ Drivers must not drink or drive. 司机不准开车或饮酒(from )。‎ 又如,汉语中有个成语叫“鱼和熊掌不可兼得”,译成英语是 can’t have one’s cake and eat it,在该否定结构中也应用 and,不用 or,否则不合情理:‎ You want a regular income but don’t want to work. Don’t forget: you can’t have your cake and eat it! 你既想有稳定的收入,又不想工作。别忘了,鱼和熊掌不可兼得呀!‎ 二、在祈使句中的用法比较 and 和 or 均可用于祈使句后表示结果(即暗示后面的陈述句为前面祈使句的结果),注意两者意思不同:and 意为“那么”,or 意为“否则”。如:‎ Study hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你考试会及格的。‎ Study hard, or you will fail the exam. 努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。‎ 这类结构通常可转换成含条件状语从句的复合句,如上面两句可改写成:‎ If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 你若努力学习,考试会及格的。‎ If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam. 你若不努力学习,考试会不及格。‎ 注意,由于 or 的意思是“否则”,所以当它前面的祈使句改写成条件状语从句时,谓语动词要用否定式。又如(from ):‎ Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快点,否则你就要迟到了。‎ ‎=If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late. 你若不快点,你就要迟到了。‎ mind 用法详解 一、用作动词 表示“介意”、“在乎”等,其后接动词时要用动名词;表示“注意”、“当心”等,其后接动词时要用不定式。如:‎ Do you mind helping us? 请你帮我们一下忙好吗? ‎ I’m sure he wouldn’t mind your going with us. 我肯定他不会反对你同我们一起去。‎ There will be a meeting tonight. Mind not to be late. 今晚有会议, 注意别迟到。‎ 二、用作名词 表示“脑子”、“心思”等,通常用作可数名词。如:‎ I’ve a good mind to go home. 我很想回家。‎ He has a mind for science. 他有学科学的头脑(from )。‎ We are all of one mind on this subject. 在这个问题上我们大家意见一致。‎ 注:在某些谚语或固定短语中,可能是不可数的。如:‎ Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不烦。‎ You must keep this in mind. 你必须记住这一点。‎ 三、用于 Would [Do] you mind...?‎ ‎1. 该句型意为“请你……好不好?”、“倘若……你见怪吗?”,用would 比用 do 更客气委婉,但通常不用 will;其后可接动名词(但不接不定式)或 if从句;接动名词时,根据情况可以带逻辑主语;接if 从句时,若句首用的是 Would,从句谓语通常要用过去式。比较(from ):‎ 我在这儿抽烟你介意吗?‎ 正:Would [Do] you mind my smoking here?‎ 正:Do you mind if I smoke here?‎ 正:Would you mind if I smoked here?‎ ‎2. 对该句型的回答与汉语的习惯不同,注意回答是针对 mind 而言的,即:‎ ‎(1)表示不同意,可用:Yes, I do mind./Please don’t... / Better not, please. / I’d rather you didn’t./I’m sorry, but... 等。‎ ‎(2)表示同意,可用:Oh, no, please. / No, not at all./Not at all.‎ Certainly not. / Of course not. / No, go ahead. 等。‎ 以上回答大部分语气都比较客气,但有的语气较生硬(如 Yes, I do mind),要注意在具体语境中适当选用(from )。‎ 四、用于 make up one’s mind(决定,决心):‎ I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor. 我决定当医生。‎ We made up our minds to spend our holiday in the country. 我们决定到乡下去度假。‎ 用英语“穿衣”的区别 英语中表示“穿衣”的动词很多,在初中英语中我们就学习了dress, wear, put on, have on等表示“穿衣”的动词。你知道如何使用它们吗?‎ 一、从所接宾语来看 dress 要接“人”作宾语(不接“衣”作宾语),而其余的则要接“衣”作宾语(而不接“人”作宾语)。‎ She dressed the baby. 她给婴儿穿衣服。‎ She was wearing her mother’s coat. 她穿她母亲的大衣。‎ Put your coat on when you go out. 出去时穿上外套。‎ She has a red jacket on. 她穿着一件红色的短上衣。‎ 二、从表示动作与状态来看 wear 和 have on 通常指穿着衣服的状态,put on 通常指穿衣的动作,而 dress 既可指动作也可以指状态。如:(from )‎ She wore [had on] a new dress. 她穿着一件新衣服。‎ Put on your clothes quickly. 赶快穿上衣服。‎ She is dressing herself. 她在穿衣服。‎ She always dresses in black. 她总是穿黑衣服。‎ 注:dress 还通常用于被动语态。如:‎ The girl was poorly dressed. 这女孩衣着寒酸。‎ He was dressed as a woman. 他男扮女装(from )。‎ 三、从所使用的时态和语态来看 wear 和 have on 虽然都可表示穿衣的状态,但 wear 可用于进行时态和被动语态,而 have on 却既不可用于进行时态也不可用于被动语态。如:‎ He was wearing a new jacket. 他当时穿着一件新夹克。‎ Such clothes are not often worn nowadays. 现在那样的衣服很少有人穿了。‎ 四、其他用法上的区别 wear 除可表示穿衣外,还可表示戴表(花、纪念章等)以及留头发或胡须等,而 dress, put on 一般不这样用。如:‎ He seldom wears a watch. 他很少戴表。‎ He wears his hair long. 他留着长发。‎ 注:have on 有时也这样用。如:‎ They all had dark glasses on. 他们都戴着墨镜。‎ ‎ ‎ a bit 与 a little的用法区别 区别一 两者都可放在形容词之前用作程度状语,且通常都与那些表示“不好”意义的形容词(如: tired, cold, sick, sad, serious 等)连用。如:‎ He is a bit [a little] tired. 他有点儿累了。‎ These boxes are a bit [a little] heavy. 这些箱子重了点。‎ 注:a bit 和 a little 一般不能用于表示“好”意义的形容词如 good, well, happy, glad, satisfied 等)之前。如:‎ 误:He is a bit [a little] well.‎ 误:It is a bit [a little] cheap.‎ 但是,若修饰比较级,则没有以上限制。如:‎ 正:He’s feeling a bit [a little] better. 他感觉好些了。‎ 正:It is a bit [a little] cheaper. 它要便宜些。‎ 区别二 a little 可直接用于名词(不可数)前作定语,但 a bit 却不能,它用于名词(不可数)之前时应先接介词 of。如:‎ He may need a bit of [a little] help. 他也许需要点帮助。‎ He knows a bit of [a little] French. 他懂一点点法语(from )。‎ 但是若名词前有 my, this, the 等限定词修饰,则不能直接用 a little, 而用 a little of。如:‎ I taste a little of this wine. 我尝了一点儿这种酒。‎ 注:a bit of 后有时接单数可数名词表示“有点(像)”。如:‎ He is a bit of a poet. 他有点像诗人。‎ She was in a bit of a hurry. 她有点儿匆匆忙忙。‎ 区别三 尽管在肯定句中,两者在很多情况下同义且可互换,但在否定结构中,两者意思几乎相反:‎ ‎(1) not a bit 意为“一点也不”(= not at all)。如:‎ He is not a bit worried. 他一点也不着急。‎ A:Is it difficult? 它很难吗?‎ B:Not a bit. 一点不难(from )。‎ ‎(2) not a little 意为“很”、“非常”(= very)。如:‎ I’m not a little tired. 我很累了。‎ He was not a little angry. 他非常生气。‎ every 与 each 的用法区别 从意义上看,两者均可表示“每一个”,但 every 侧重从总体上考虑,而 each 侧重从个体方面考虑。从用法上看,each 既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接 of 短语,而 every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用,也不能后接 of 短语;另外,each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,而 every 则指三者或三者以上的“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each。如:‎ We watch TV every evening. 我们每晚都看电视。‎ They each had a bedroom. 他们每人有一间卧室(from )。‎ Two boys entered. Each was carrying a box. 两个男孩走了进来,每人扛着一只箱子。‎ The policeman wrote down every word I said. 警察把我讲的每句话都记了下来。‎ other, the other, another 与 others 的用法区别 ‎(1) 指单数时,若泛指用 another,若特指用 the other(后接单数名词)。如:‎ He quickly threw the ball to another player. 他迅速把球传给了另一名球员。‎ I climbed up the hill and ran down the other side. 我爬上了小山,又从另一面跑下来。‎ ‎(2) 指复数时,若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用 the other(后接复数名词):‎ There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。‎ Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里? (from )‎ ‎(3) others 永远表示复数意义,且其后不能再接名词。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other+复数名词”:‎ Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。‎ He died so that others might live. 他牺牲了自己使别人能够活下来。‎ I was tired, and so were the others. 我累了,其他人也一样。‎ He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细(from )。‎ ‎(4) another一般只能表单数,且其后接名词时也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时,则也可接复数名词:‎ Have another piece of cake. 再吃一块蛋糕。‎ I’ve got another three minutes. 我还有三分钟。‎ ‎(5) 与 some 对比使用时,用 others(此时与 some 同义):‎ Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对,有人说不对。‎ ‎(6) 表示两者中的一个如何,另一个如何,可用 one...the other...。如:‎ One is as light as the other is heavy. 一个轻, 另一个重。(from )‎ These shoes do not match; one is large and the other is small. 这双鞋不相配,一只大,一只小。‎ ‎(7) the other 后接 day, night 等时间名词时,表示“几天前,几天前的一个晚上”等。如:‎ I bought a pair of sports shoes the other day. 前几天我买了双运动鞋。‎ farther, farthest与further, furthest 的用法区别 ‎ (1) 表示距离时,四个词都可用。如:‎ I can throw much farther [further] than you. 我可以比你扔得更远。‎ What’s the farthest [furthest] distance you’ve ever run? 你跑过最远的距离是多少? ‎ ‎(2) 若用于引申义, 表示“更进一步”、“更多”、“此外”等义,则只能用 further。如:‎ We’ll further discuss it. 我们会进一步讨论它。‎ Are there any further questions? 还有问题吗(from )?‎ For further information write to the above address. 若需了解进一步的情况,请写信至以上地址。‎ The house isn’t big enough for us, and further, it’s too far from the town. 这座房子对我们来说不够大,而且离城也太远。‎ ‎(3) further 可用作动词,意为“增进”、“推进”等(其他几个词一般不这样用)。如:‎ His support furthered my career. 他的支持促进了我的事业(from )。‎ ago 与before的区别 两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后),但有区别:ago 从现在向前回溯,即现在的过去,因此通常与一般过去时连用;而 before 则从过去向前回溯,即指过去的过去,因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中)。如:‎ I bought the computer two years ago. 我是两年前买这台电脑的。‎ He said they had left five days before. 他说他们 5 天前就离开了。‎ before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间),泛指一般意义的“以前”,此时可用于一般过去时,也可用于现在完成时:‎ He didn’t know that before. 他以前不知道此事。‎ I have been there before. 我以前去过那儿。‎ how long, how often 与how soon ‎1. how long 指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问: ‎ How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?‎ How long do you think you’ll be gone? 你想你会离开多久?‎ How long have you known her? 你认识她有多久了?‎ How long have you been studying the problem? 这问题你研究多久了?‎ ‎“How long did he stay here?” “About two hours.” “他在这儿呆了多久?”“大约两小时。”‎ ‎2. how often 指每隔多久,主要用来对频度副词或状语(如once a week等)提问: ‎ How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次? —一每月一次。‎ How often do you visit your mother?一Once a week. 你多长时间看你妈妈一次?——一周一次。‎ How often do you go to the dentist?一I go every six months. 你多久去看一次牙齿?——我每6个月去一次。‎ ‎3. how soon ‎ 指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(如in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问: ‎ How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来? ‎ How soon shall we know the results? 一I don’t know. 我们多久能知道结果? ——我不知道。‎ How soon will he be back?—In an hour. 他要多久才回来?——1小时以后。‎ How soon will you be / have finished, dear? 亲爱的,你还要多久才能准备好呢?‎ How soon will you know your holiday dates? 你什么时候才能知道休假13期?‎ much too与too much的用法区别 两者结构相似,很容易混淆。它们在用法上的区别是:much too=too,但前者语气更强;too much=much,但前者语气更强。比较:‎ ‎1. much too的用例 He drives much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。‎ He’s much too young. 他太年轻了。‎ The shoes are much too small for me. 这鞋子我穿太小了。‎ ‎90 miles an hour is much too fast. 一个钟头开90 英里太快了。‎ ‎2. too much的用例 There is too much rain. 雨水太多了。‎ This soup tastes too much of salt. 这汤太咸。‎ You’re asking too much. 你要求太多。‎ There is too much chance of error. 出错的机会太多了。‎ You have given me too much. 你已经给我太多了。‎ He ate too much and did not take any exercise. 他吃得太多,又不运动。‎ very, much与very much的用法区别 区别1:very 主要修饰形容词或副词:‎ The woman is very beautiful. 那个女人很美。‎ He did it very carefully. 这事他做得很仔细。‎ ‎【注】修饰副词 too(太),要用 much,不能用very:‎ He is much too busy to see you. 他太忙不能见你。‎ 区别2:much 主要修饰动词,而且除非其前有very, too, so 等修饰语,它只用于否定句和疑问句:‎ She doesn’t like him much. 她不太喜欢他。‎ Does she much like him? / Does she like him much? 她很喜欢他吗?‎ She likes him very much. 她很喜欢他。(from )‎ ‎【注】不带修饰语的much有时也可能在肯定句中修饰动词,但这只限于 regret, admire, prefer,等少数动词,且此时的 much 应置于句中,而不是句末:‎ I much regret what I said. 我非常后悔我说过的话。‎ 区别3:much 除修饰动词外,还可修饰比较级和最高级等:‎ It is much colder today. 今天冷多了。‎ This book is much the most interesting. 这本书是最最有趣的。‎ ‎【注】very 有时也可修饰最高级 (注意要放在冠词之后):‎ This is the very cheapest one. 这是最最便宜的。‎ ‎ ‎ almost 与 nearly的用法区别 共同点1:两者均可表示“几乎”、“差不多”,有时可换用:‎ It’s almost [nearly] impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。‎ It’s almost [nearly]10 o’clock. 差不多10点钟了。‎ He is almost [nearly] as tall as her. 他差不多与她一样高。‎ Almost [Nearly] all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。‎ ‎【注】两者虽可互换,但有时almost比nearly表示更接近的程度。‎ 区别1:用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词前,可用almost,但不能用 nearly:‎ Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。‎ He has almost no money. 他几乎没钱。‎ 区别2. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词:‎ It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。‎ sometime, some time, sometimes的用法区别 ‎1. sometime意为“某个时候”,此时也可写成 some time (即分开写):‎ Come to see us sometime. 什么时候来看看我们。‎ I’ll speak to him about it sometime. 我什么时候将和他谈谈这事。‎ We’ll meet again sometime next week. 我们下星期什么时候再碰头。‎ I saw him sometime in May. 我是五月什么时候见到他的。‎ I bought it sometime last spring. 我是去年春天什么时候买的。‎ I will go home sometime [some time] next week. 下个星期的某个时候我要回家。‎ ‎2. some time 作为副词词组,意为“某个时候”(= sometime);作为名词词组,意为“一段时间”(不能写成 sometime):‎ I will write again some time. 我回头再给你写信。‎ He died some time last year. 他是去年什么时候死的。‎ We lived in the country for some time. 我们在农村住过一段时间。‎ I’m afraid it’ll take some time to repair your car.恐怕修你的车要花相当多时间。‎ She’s lived in Italy for some time。so she speaks Italian quite well. 她在意大利已经住了相当长时间,因此她意大利语讲得很好。‎ ‎3. sometimes 意为“有时”:‎ He sometimes comes very late. 他有时来得很迟。‎ Sometimes her big brother carried her. 有时她哥哥抱着他。‎ I sometimes have letters from him. 我有时收到他的信。‎ Sometimes we’re busy and sometimes we’re not. 有时我们很忙,有时不忙。‎ ‎ ‎ quite, rather, very的用法区别 这三个词都可以表示程度,但是其程度的高低有所不同,所表达的语气也不同,一般说来,rather比quite语气强,very比rather语气强。另外,在用法上它们有如下区别:‎ ‎1. 这三个词中,只有 rather 可以与比较级和副词 too (太)连用:‎ It’s rather colder today. 今天冷多了。‎ The exercise was rather too difficult. 这练习太难了点。‎ ‎【注】quite 有时也与比较级连用, 但通常只限于 quite better (身体健康)这一表达中:‎ I’m quite better now. 我现在好多了。‎ ‎2. rather 和 quite 有时可直接修饰动词, 而very不能这样用:‎ I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你(的意见)。‎ We rather like the book. 我们很喜欢这本书。‎ ‎3. 修饰right, wrong, impossible, alone等不可分级的形容词,通常只用 quite,而不用rather或very。此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”,而表示“完全”:‎ You’re quite right (wrong). 你完全正确(错了)。‎ That’s quite impossible. 那完全不可能。‎ all与whole的区别 ‎1. 有时这两个词含义大致相同,只是位置不同:all 要放在冠词、指示找词、 物 主代等之前,而whole 应放在这些词之后。如:‎ all the family / the whole family 全家 ‎2. 在复数名词前一般用all,在单数可数名词前一般要用whole。如:‎ All the children enjoyed themselves. 所有的孩子都过得很快活。‎ The whole building was burning. 整座在楼都在燃烧。‎ 注:它们在意义上有差别:all指“一个不剩”(即“全部”); whole 指“一点不缺”(即“整个”)。‎ ‎3. 在不可数名词之前一般用all,而不用 whole (但偶尔有例外:the whole time / all the time; his whole energy / all his energy等),但在物质名词前是绝对不能用whole 的。如:‎ 误:the whole money正:all the money 所有的钱 误:the whole food正:all the food 所有的食物 误:the whole wine正:all the wine 所有的酒 ‎4. 在表地点的专有名词之前, 一般用all 而不用whole 如:all China (全中国),但可说the whole of China. (from )‎ ‎5. 在时间名词(如day, week, month, year等)以及季节名词( spring, summer, autumn, winter )之前,两者都可用。如:‎ all (the) day / the whole day  整天 all (the) spring / the whole spring 整个春天 注:在表示时间的hour和 century 之前,一般只用whole, 不用 all 如:I waited for her the(或a) whole hour. 我等了她整整一小时。‎ ‎6. 关于all of一与 the whole of:‎ ‎(1) all of 的含义与用法与all 大致相同,但使用范围比要广,如一般不说 all all the book, 但可说all of the book 整本书 ‎(2) the whole of与 whole 的意义基本相同,但其使用范围远比whole 要广。它不仅可以代替whole(如 the whole time=the whole of the time),而且还可以用于不能用whole的场合:‎ ‎1)用于不可数名词(包括物质名词)之前:‎ the whole of the money / the tea 全部的钱 / 茶 ‎2)用于表地点的专有名词之前:‎ the whole of Japan 全日本 ‎ ‎ after all的用法 ‎1. 表示“尽管怎样,但还是……”,可译为“终究”、“毕竟”(通常放在句末)。‎ 如:‎ I was right after all. 毕竟是我对。(from )‎ He tried for an hour and failed after all. 他试了一个钟头,终究还是失败了。‎ ‎2. 表示“别忘了”(通常放在句首)。如:‎ I know he hasn’t finished the work but, after all, he’s very busy. ‎ 我知道他还没做完工作,但别忘了他很忙。‎ 注:不要将 after all 理解为“最后”、“终于”,而与finally 或at last 混淆。‎ after与 behind的区别 after 表示顺序的先后,behind 表示位置的前后。试比较:‎ run behind sb. 在某人后面跑 run after sb. 跑在某人之后(含有追上之意)‎ Shut the door behind you. 关上你后面的门。‎ Shut the door after you. 出入请随手关门。‎ 注:口语中的客套话“先生、你先请”,右说成After you, 但不能说Behind you. ‎ after与in的区别 ‎1. 这两词均可与时间段连用,表示“在……之后”,但after 指的是以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此常与过去进连用,而in指的是从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此要用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如:‎ He came back after three days. 他3天后回来了。‎ I’ll come back in three days. 我3天后回来。‎ I think he can come back in three days. 我想他3天后可以回来。‎ ‎2. after 还可与时间点连用(in不能这样用),此时可用于将来时。如:‎ He will arrive after four o’clock. 他4点钟以后到。(from )‎ ‎3. after 还可与某些表示活动的名词连用,表示“在……之后”(in不能这样用)。‎ 如:after school after the meeting(放学后),(散会后)。‎ after的用法 ‎1. 用作连词是词,它引导的时间状语从句如果具有将来意义,往往要用一般现在时来表示(有时也用现在完成时),而不能直接用一般将来时。如:‎ 误:I’ll tell him after you wil leave. ‎ 正:I’ll tell him after you leave (或have left). 你走了之后我再告诉他。‎ 注:(1) 具有以上性质的时间连词还有when, as soon as, until 等以及条件连词if。‎ ‎(2) 选择一般现进或现在完成进(表示将来意义)的基本原则是:如果强调从句 动作在主句动作之前完成,则用现在完成时;如果强调主从句动作 同时发 生,或几乎同时发生(尤其是当从句的谓语动词是get, arrive, see, hear, leave, return等表示迅速完成的动作的动词时),多用一般现在时(有时 两种时态都可以)。如;‎ I’ll leave when he comes back. 他回来后我就离开。(from )‎ I will give my opinion when I have read the book through. 我把书看完了再提意见。‎ We’ll leave as soon as it stops (或has stopped) raining. 雨停我们就动身。‎ ‎2. 一般说来,如果在过去某一时间内先后发生了两个动作,那么先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时。但是若用连词after 来连接这两个动作,由于after本身已说明了两个动作的先后关系,所以两者均可用一般过去时。如:‎ After he (had) closed the door, he left the house. 关了门之后,他就离开了家。‎ 注:类似这种性质的时间连词还有before, as soon as等。‎ ‎3. 有时以连词after引导的时间状语从句可以换成一个以介词after引导介词短语或以连词after引导的分词短语,而意义不变。如:‎ He went to school after he had breakfast (=after breakfast). 吃了早饭之后,他就去上学了。‎ After l had finished (=After having finished / After finishing / Having我干完活后就去睡觉了。‎ ‎4. after还可用作副词,意为“后来”或“(一段时间)以后”,通常要放在另一时间副词之后。如:‎ We arrived soon (或just / shortly) after. 我们不久就到了。‎ He returned twenty years after. 20年后他回来了。‎ 注:(1) 在非正式文体中,after也可放在其它词之后。如:‎ We had dinner and went home after. 我们吃了饭,后来就回家了。‎ ‎ ‎ afraid的用法 ‎1. afraid 是形容词,而不是动词,并且只能作表语而不能作前位定语。如:‎ 误:He afraids. / Don’t afraid. / He is an afraid man. ‎ 正:He is afraid . 他怕。/ Don’t be afraid. 别害怕。‎ ‎2. 一般认为afraid 可用much 或very much, 而不用very修饰。如:‎ He is (very) much afraid of dogs. 他很怕狗。‎ 但在现代英语也有very afraid的说法。‎ ‎3. afraid 一般要放在be之后作表语,而不放在 feel 之后。如:一般说I feel afraid. ‎ ‎4. be afraid 的主语一般不能是无生命的东西。如:‎ 误:It’s afraid that we may be late. (from )‎ 正:I’m afraid (that) we may be late. 恐怕我们会迟到。‎ ‎5. be afraid 之后若接一个含有否定意义的从句时,其否定不能转移到主句上。 (这点与hope, wish, fear 等词的用法类似,但与think, believe, suppose 等词的用法相反。)如;‎ 误:I’m not afraid that I can go. ‎ 正:I’m afraid the I can’t go. 恐怕我不能去。‎ 注:省略句 I’m afraid not (恐怕不行。)也不能说成I’m not afraid. 如:‎ A:Can you do it yourself? 你自己能做吗?‎ B:I’m afraid not . (=I’m afraid that I can’t do it. ) 恐怕不行。‎ advice的用法 ‎1. 表示“劝告”、“忠告”、“建议”,是不可数名词,若要表示一条或几条建议或劝告,则说a piece / three pieces of advice 一条 / 三条建议。‎ ‎2. 表示按照某人的意见做某事,一般用介词on 或by。如:‎ It was done on (或by) my advice. 这是按我的意见做的。‎ ‎3. 表示提出建议或忠告,一般用动词give;表示向某人请教或征求意见,一般用动词ask / ask for; 表示接受意见或劝告,一般用动词take / follow。如:‎ He gave us good advice on how to learn English. ‎ 他对怎样学习英语给我们提出了很好的建议。‎ He asked (for) the teacher’s advice. / He asked the teacher for his advice. 他向老师请教。‎ If you take (或follow) my advice and study hard, you’ll pass the examination. 如果你听我的劝告用功读书,你就会考及格。(from )‎ ‎4 advice 还可表示“消息”、 “报道”,此时多用复数形式。the latest advices(最新报道)。‎ across, along, through的区别 along 表示循着一条水平线或狭长的事物运动,意为“沿着”;across表示从平 面的一边到另一边,意为“横过”;through表示从立体空间的一端进去,另一 端出来,意为“穿过”。如:‎ I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。‎ Can you swim across the river?你能游过河去吗?‎ He walked through the forest alone. 他独自穿过森林,‎ 注:(1) 与抽象名词连用,一般只用through。如:(from )‎ He became richer and richer through hard work. 他通过勤奋劳动变得越来越富有。‎ ‎(2) 在美国口语中,可用from …through 表示“从……到”(此时不用along 或across)。如:‎ from Monday through Saturday从星期一到星期六
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