2020-2021学年高三英语语法一轮复习：定语从句（1）

2020-2021学年高三英语语法一轮复习：定语从句（1）

2020-2021 学年高三英语语法一轮复习：定语从句（1） 1. This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ______ many others are short of. 中 A. when B. when C. that D. what 2. He drove his new car at an amazing speed, ______ resulted in a terrible accident.中 A. who B. that C. when D. which 3. Most of my friends shop at the stores _____ the goods are very cheap. 中 A. which B. where C. whose D. why 4. Those _____ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”. 易 A. who B. whose C. what D. when 5. This kind of book is for children ________ native language is Chinese. 中 A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 一、定语从句的定义  找出下面句子的定语 1. His father is a doctor. 2. He is a famous artist. 3. I still remember the quiet farm. 定语是：_________________________________________________________ 【答案】定语是用于修饰名词或代词的句子成分，定语的位置在名词周围。  请将下面的句子的从句用横线标出来，并且圈出关系词。 1. The man whom you are talking with is a doctor. 2. He is a singer who is known for his creation. 3. I still remember the farm which we visited last year. 根据上面结论：修饰名词的为定语，以上标线从句修饰名词故为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词 叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”  请说明以下关系词在从句当中的充当什么成分 1. The man whom you are talking with is a doctor. 2. He is an artist who is known for his woks. 3. I still remember the farm which we visited last year . 结论：在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语的关系词称之为关系代词  请说明以下关系词在从句当中的充当什么成分 1. I still remember the farm where we lived last year. 2. Easter is a happy holiday when children enjoy hunting for Easter eggs. 3. Amanda hopes to live a simple life where she can just enjoy her activities rather than rushing to meet the deadline. 结论：在从句中充当状语的关系词称之为关系副词 一、常见连接词 指人：who; that; whom; 指物：which; that 1. 指人：who; that; whom ① He is the man who/that lives next door. ② He is the man (who/whom) I saw yesterday. ③ I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference. ④ Jack is no longer the person (that / who / whom) I met five years ago. 【精讲精练】 1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 解析：选 D，定从缺主语。 2. Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner ________ enjoyed listening to his stories. A. who B. which C. whose D. what 解析：选 A，定从缺主语，排除 C，D。定从修饰 prisoner 指人，故选 A。 3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 解析：选 B，定从缺主语，修饰 those 指人 2. 指物：which; that I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen. Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? He couldn’t read which surprised me. The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. This is the book (which) you are looking for. 【精讲精练】 1. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 解析：选 D，定从缺主语，且代指前面整句话，故选 D。 2. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 解析：选 A，定从缺主语，且修饰名词 an atmosphere 指物。 3. The Science Museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 解析：选 A，定从缺宾语且修饰名词 the Science Museum 指物，又因定从为非限制性定从，不能用 that。 二、特殊考点 1. 介词+关系代词 ① I have three children, one daughter and two sons, all of whom graduated from the same university. ② The police, in whom I have great confidence, are trying to find out who did it. ③ The speed of growth of plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which we have no control over. ④ The bank was held up by a group of men, three of whom were said to be armed. 【精讲精练】 1. There were several messages from people, most of ________ I didn't know, on my answering machine when I got home. A. which B. whom C. that D. where 解析：选 B，本题考查定从，介词+关系代词用法。用 whom 代替 people。 2. This article may shock some sensitive readers, ________ I offer my apologies in advance. A. from whom B. for whom C. to whom D. towards whom 解析：选 C，本题考查定从，介词+关系代词用法。本题介词取决于 offer 的用法，offer sth. to sb.。 3. Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrived, many of ______ even cried with joy. A. those B. them C. whom D. who 解析：本题考查定从，介词+关系代词用法。用 whom 代指 thousands of Haitians。 4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy. A. that B. which C. what D. whom 解析：本题考查定从，介词+关系代词用法。用 whom 代指 people。 2. as 用法 ① As is often the case with persuasion, what you do first matters. ② As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. ③ He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. ④ The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 【精讲精练】 1. ________ is said in the file, anyone breaks the rule will be fired immediately. A. It B. As C. That D. Which 解析：选 B，定从缺主语，意为“正如”。 2. Green tea, ________ many experts suggest, should be drunk regularly to improve health. A. which B. where C. when D. as 解析：选 D，定从缺宾语，意为“正如”。 3. ________ was reported in the paper, people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island. A. It B. That C. As D. What 解析：选 C，定从缺主语，意为“正如”。 4. ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析：选 B，定从缺主语，意为“正如”。 3. 只用 that 的情况 1) 先行词为不定代词，如_____________________________________________等。 【答案】all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one ① We should do all that is useful to the people . ② There's nothing that can be said about it . ③ Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? 2) 先行词被_____________________________________________等修饰时。 【答案】all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, the last, few ① The only thing that we could do was to wait. ② That's the very word that is wrongly used. ③ The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. ④ You can take any seat that is free. ⑤ I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them. 3) 先行词是_____________________________________________修饰时。 【答案】序数词时或被序数词 ① When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. ② This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 4) 先行词是_____________________________________________修饰时。 【答案】最高级或被最高级 ① This is the best that can be done now. ② The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 5) 先行词_____________________________________________，这时宜用 that. 【答案】既有人，又有物 ① The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known. ② The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police. 6) 当主句中含有_____________________________________________时。 【答案】which 或 who Which are the books that you bought for me? 【精讲精练】 1. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 解析：选 B，定从缺主语，且先行词为不定代词。 2. This is the very bus ________ I’m waiting for. A. which B. that C. as D. what 解析：选 B，定从缺宾语，且先行词被 the very 修饰。 3. This is the most exciting game ________ I’ve ever watched. A. that B. what C. which D. as 解析：选 A，定从缺宾语，且先行词被最高级 the most 修饰。 4. What is the first English book ________ you’ve read? A. who B. that C. as D. what 解析：选 B，定从缺宾语，且先行词被 the first 修饰。 5. Do you know the things and people ________ they are talking about? A. them B. whom C. that D. those 解析：选 C，定从缺宾语，且先行词同时有人和物。 6. Which is the bike ________ you lost? A. which B. as C. it D. that 解析：选 D，定从缺宾语，主句中含有疑问词 which。 出门测 成绩 _______ 一、用关系代词 that 或 which 填空： 1. Is there anything ________ you don’t understand about the problem? 2. The worst matter ________ I’m afraid of happened in the end. 3. All the presents ________ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. 4. This is the very ________ I have been looking for. 5. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him. 二、单项选择 1. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 2. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 3. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ________ , of course, made all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 4. It is said that Mo Yan’s hometown is the place ________ has inspired him throughout his writing career. A.in which B. where C. that D. who 5. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 6. The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other. A. who B. where C. what D. that 7. In our class there are 46 students, half ________ wear glasses. A. in whom B. in who C. of whom D. of who 8. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 9. Naturally a smile ________ the eyes participate is extremely communicative. A. to which B. in which C. at which D. with which 10. Green tea, ________ many experts suggest, should be drunk regularly to improve health. A. which B. where C. when D. as 出门测 参考答案 一、用关系代词 that 或 which 填空： 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. which 二、单项选择 1-5 CABCA 6-10DCABD 课后作业 一、单项选择 1. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2. By 16:30, ________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 3. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which 4. I’ve read all the books ________ you gave me. A. which B. them C. what D. that 5. There isn’t much ________ I can do. A. what B. which C. that D. how 6. He keeps a record of everything ________ he had seen there. A. where B. that C. which D. what 7. Tell us about the people and the places ________ are different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom 8. Mr. John said that Suzhou was the first city ________ he had visited in China. A. that B. where C. which D. what 9. This is the very film ________ I’ve long wished to see. A.which B.that c.whose D.who 10. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 二、翻译句子 1. 数据表明，父母的重要性在女孩心中位居第二。（非限制性定语从句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 你把我保护在你的羽翼（wing）之下，给我最好吃的，给了我你能够提供的最温暖的庇护（shelter）。（限 制性定语从句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 大学生活是艰苦的，因为我们得拼尽全力（do our utmost）为高考，高考很大程度上（to a large extent） 决定了我们的未来。（非限制性定语从句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 理想中（ideal）的大学生活是一种我们能够从学习中找到快乐的生活。（限制性定语从句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. 与动物照相对它们有坏的影响，这行为打扰它们的休息。（非限制性定语从句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. 他工作的地方离市中心很远。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. 那个生产手机的工厂建于 1998 年。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. 那位她照顾了十年的老人上个月去世了。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. 他考试不及格，这使他十分沮丧。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 10.那座正在建设的大楼是给孤寡老人住的。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、单项选择 二、1-5 BADDC BAABB 二、翻译句子 1. As the data show, parents ranks the second for the girls. 2. You protected me under your wing by giving me the best food and the warmest shelter that you could afford. 3. College life is hard because we have to do our utmost for the college entrance exam, which will determine, to a large extent, our future. 4. An ideal college life should be one in which we can study for joy. 5. Taking pictures with animals has a bad effect on the animals, which greatly disturb their rest. 6. The place where he works is far away from the city centre. 7. The factory that turns out cell phones was built up in 1998. 8. The old man whom she had looked after for ten years died last month. 9. He failed the examination, which upset him a lot. 10. The building that is being set up is intended for the old people who have no children.