江苏省启东中学2020届高三上学期期初考试英语试题

江苏省启东中学2020届高三上学期期初考试英语试题

江苏省启东中学2019-2020学年度第一学期期初考试 高三英语试题 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 例：How much is the shirt?‎ A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.‎ ‎1. Why does the man need a map?‎ A. To tour Manchester. B. To find a restaurant. C. To learn about China.‎ ‎2. What does the woman want to do for vacation?‎ A. Go to the beach. B. Travel to Colorado. C. Learn to snowboard.‎ ‎3. What will the man probably do?‎ A. Take the job. B. Refuse the offer. C. Change the working hours.‎ ‎4. What does the woman say about John?‎ A. He won’t wait for her.‎ B. He won’t come home today.‎ C. He won’t be on time for dinner.‎ ‎5. What will the speakers probably do next?‎ A. Order some boxes. B. Go home and rest. C. Continue working.‎ 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. How does the woman usually go to work?‎ A. By car. B. By bus. C. By train.‎ ‎7. What do the speakers agree about taking the train?‎ A. It is safer. B. It is faster. C. It is cheaper.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8. What does the man suggest the woman do?‎ A. Save up for the car.‎ B. Go to another car dealer.‎ C Ask someone to check the car.‎ ‎9. What is the salesman going to do?‎ A. Give a discount. B. Stick to a high price C. Ask for cash payment.‎ ‎10. How will the man help the woman?‎ A. Lend money to her. B. Drive her car home. C. Take care of her car.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. What does the woman think of the living expenses in the city?‎ A. Fairly low. B. Just Okay. C. Very high.‎ ‎12. What does the woman spend most on?‎ A. Meals. B. Trains. C. Clothes.‎ ‎13. What does the woman do in her free time?‎ A. See films. B. Travel around. C. Go for a drink.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。‎ ‎14. What will Rebecca do on June 12?‎ A. Go on a business trip.‎ B. Organize a trade exhibition.‎ C. Meet the people from Head Office.‎ ‎15. What is John preparing for the meeting?‎ A. A report. B. A timetable. C. A speech.‎ ‎16. When do the speakers decide to have the meeting?‎ A. On June 3. B. On June 10. C. On June 17.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17. What did the speaker decide to do after lunch that day?‎ A. Stay to help her friend. B. Drive home in the rain. C. Wait for the rain to stop ‎18. What can we learn about the speaker then?‎ A. She worked at a hotel. B. She had bought a new car. C. She was having a baby soon.‎ ‎19. Where did the speaker meet the taxi passenger?‎ A. At a crossroads. B. In front of a hotel. C. Beside a car park.‎ ‎20. What does the speaker talk about?‎ A. An exciting lunch party. B. A well-known short story. C. An unforgettable experience.‎ 第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)‎ ‎1.These teachers have no idea ______ it is like to earn one’s living in industry or commerce.‎ A. which B. that C. whether D. what ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这些老师不知道在工商业中谋生是什么滋味。分析句子可知，have no idea后跟宾语从句，缺少连接词，在从句中作宾语，所以what符合语境。故选D项。‎ ‎2.---Mr Frank Smith truly stands out as the best friend and teacher combination.‎ ‎-- Absolutely! When I look back on what he did, I’m not sure whether I ______ the same in his position.‎ A. would do B. would have done C. must have done D. could do ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：---弗兰克·史密斯先生确实是最好的朋友和老师。” ---“当然！当我回顾他的所作所为时，我不确定我是否会在他的位置上做同样的事。”分析语境，可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，我无法确定我在他的位置上时是否会做同样的事。故选B项。‎ ‎3.College students should actively participate in social practice, which will lead to the acquisition of more knowledge and skills, ____ what they learn from books is limited.‎ A. even if B. as long as C. as soon as D. now that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查连词的固定搭配。句意：既然大学生从书本上学到的东西是有限的，他们应该积极参与会使他们获得更多的知识和技能的社会实践。A. even if即使；B. as long as只要；C. as soon as立刻，一…就…; D. now ‎ that既然。结合句意可知，“他们应该积极参与会使他们获得更多的知识和技能的社会实践”与“大学生从书本上学到的东西是有限的”具有明显的转折让步意为。now that意为“既然”，表示转折让步。故选D项。‎ ‎4.Toyota Company has ________ millions of vehicles, struggling to regain its reputation.‎ A. called off B. called for C. called in D. called up ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：丰田公司已召回数百万辆汽车，努力恢复声誉。A. called off取消；B. called for呼吁；C. called in召回，找来，顺路拜访；D. called up打电话。结合句意可知，此处丰田公司召回汽车，故选择called in最为合适。故选C项。‎ ‎5.Obviously, many wines have improved, or are expected to improve _____age, and it is the case ________friendship.‎ A. with; with B. to; over C. alongside; in D. for; of ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词。句意：很明显，很多酒都会改善口感，或者说随着时间的推移，酒会改善口感，友谊也是这样。结合选项可知，只有with age为正确搭配，意为“随着时间的推移”，it is the case with也为固定搭配，意为“…的情况是这样”。故选A项。‎ ‎6.We sent her a copy of this book__________ her part in the creation.‎ A. in search of B. in acknowledgement of C. in favor of D. in honor of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词词组辨析。句意：我们寄给她这本书的副本，以感谢她在创作中所起的作用。A. in search of寻找；B. in acknowledgement of以感谢,感谢;C. in favor of赞成；D. in honor of纪念。结合句意可知，寄书给他是为了感谢他。故选B项。‎ ‎7.Whatever the relationship, try to _____ to each person all your kindness and understanding.‎ A. appeal B. cater C. extend D. attach ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管和你是什么关系，试着把你所有的善意和理解延伸到每个人身上。A. appeal to向…呼吁；B. cater to满足……的需要;C. extend to伸展到;D. attach to使依附。结合句意可知，把善意和理解延伸到他人身上最为合理。故选C项。‎ ‎8.Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China, ________ the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check.‎ A. to reduce B. reduced C. having reduced D. reducing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词作意料之中的结果状语，故答案为D。‎ ‎9.The couple was initially looking forward to having an overseas wedding but had to drop the idea after facing ________ from parents.‎ A. recognition B. toleration C. opposition D. proportion ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇原本打算在海外举行婚礼，但由于遭到父母的反对，不得不放弃了这个想法。A. recognition识别；B. toleration宽容；C. opposition反对；D. proportion比例。根据文中but had to drop the idea可知，父母是反对，故答案为C。‎ ‎10.We can find beautiful light in the other person, which may be precisely what we _____ for all along.‎ A. are searching B. will search C. have been searching D. have searched ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查时态。句意：我们可以在另一个人身上发现美丽的光芒，这也许正是我们一直在寻找的。search for寻找，根据后面的时间状语for all along可知，动作一直在进行着，因此要用现在完成进行时have been doing。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】时态是常考考点，除了要求考生掌握各个时态的基本用法之外，考生需具有在具体语境中辨别的能力。时态的判定往往根据句中所给的直接或间接的时间状语来判定，但要注意的是不能完全依赖于所给出的时间状语，还要看语境。本小题有个很明显的时间状语for all along，且动作一直在进行，以此来判断，应使用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎11.Hardly ever ______ so many choices for young people entering the workforce as there are today.‎ A. there are B. there have been C. have there been D. are there ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查倒装句。句意：对于进入职场的年轻人来说，很少有像今天这样多的选择。hardly（几乎不）是表达否定的词，位于句首，句子要倒装，根据句意和ever可知，要用现在完成时，这是个there be句型，此处倒装用have there been。故选C。‎ ‎12.________ to ________ the nature reserve, the local people prevented the construction workers from entering their villages.‎ A. Opposed; developing B. Opposing; developing C. Opposing; develop D. Opposed; develop ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当地人反对开发自然保护区，阻止建筑工人进入他们的村庄。表示“反对”之意时，动词oppose可以用于“be opposed to”，其中to为介词，后面需跟动名词作宾语。故选A。‎ ‎13.Guandan, a Poker game, originating _____ Premier Zhou Enlai was born, has been popular with the men in the street around the country.‎ A. from which B. in where C. where D. what ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：起源于周恩来总理出生地的打牌游戏“Guandan”，在全国各地的大街小巷都很受欢迎。结合句意可知此处是where/引导的地点状语从句，故选C。‎ ‎14.In terms of the effects of the Internet on our lives, the ways we take advantage of it count, _______ our attitudes.‎ A. as are B. so do C. which are D. as do ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查倒装。句意：就互联网对我们生活的影响而言，我们利用它的方式很重要，我们的态度也很重要。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处用“so+助动词+主语”的倒装，表示“也一样”，故B项正确。‎ ‎15. 一Why don’t you consider a trip to, say, Beijing or Hangzhou?‎ 一 .‎ A. I wouldn’t mind that B. Then we’ll get there quickly C. Let’s call it a day D. It’s not a requirement ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：-为什么你不考虑一次旅行,比如说去北京或者是杭州? -我是不会介意的。‎ A. I wouldn’t mind that 意为我是不介意的， B. Then we’ll get there quickly意为然后我们可以快一点到那里，C. Let’s call it a day 意为我们今天就到这儿吧，D. It’s not a requirement意为这不是要求。根据句意，所以选A。解答此题的关键是一定要正确理解句意以及答案的相关性。问题问的是旅游，而且涉及到了两个地方Beijing or Hangzhou，所以答案应该是跟旅游这件事有关的一种表达，选项A的不介意其实是对于北京或者杭州都不介意。根据句意B选项是不用于这种旅游的情况。C是一个固定搭配的形式，它用于结束某一种对话。D项中的it指代不明。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查交际用语 第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)‎ On the morning that I planned to handcuff (给……戴上手铐) my wrist to the White House fence along with other environmental leaders, I woke up, heart racing. I ___16___ the time in the dark. It was 3 a．m., and I was alone in a friend's guest room just outside Washington, D．C. I turned on the small bedside ___17___ and reached for the card my husband and two children had picked out for the ___18___， with a photo of a polar bear leaping from one floating ice to the next. The bear's front paws stretched out ___19___ in midair—no longer on solid ground, but not quite landed on the next ice yet—fitting for my first act of ___20___ disobedience(不服从), which was motivated by a desire to slow global warming, not only for the polar bears, but also for my own children.‎ I opened the ___21___ and reread my 16yearold daughter's note in the ___22___ light: —“I'm happy you care this much about something that will affect the future of us all，” she wrote. “Good luck！” I ___23___—imagining her brown eyes and flaming red hair—and turned off the light again.‎ For me, a fierce desire to protect the world my children will inherit(继承) is part of being a mother. Along with the sleepless nights I spent rocking my babies when they had a fever, I now ___24___ the two times I've gone to prison as part of ‎ the sacrifice I ___25___ make.‎ ‎___26___ methods for fossil fuels—which can cause cancer and other health problems—are profitable and strongly ___27___ by oil or gas companies. Only when ordinary citizens demand they make protecting our children their first ___28___ are politicians more likely to say no to those methods. That's ___29___ I handcuffed my wrist to the White House fence to ___30___ the Keystone XL Pipeline Project, along with many other parents, which I believe is closer to the real ___31___ of Mother's Day. Originally, the day was founded for mothers to teach each other how to protect their children.‎ We might not really know the effect of our ___32___ for a few decades, though there are moments ___33___ that our sacrifices are not in vain. The encouraging note from my daughter the night before my first ___34___ was one of those moments. It made me want to ___35___ like that polar bear—and like the early leaders of Mother's Day—and take a leap.‎ ‎16. A. missed B. set C. checked D. hit ‎17. A. iPhone B. radio C. computer D. lamp ‎18. A. tension B. occasion C. revision D. possession ‎19. A. constantly B. distantly C. instantly D. expectantly ‎20. A. crucial B. civil C. central D. chief ‎21. A. letter B. book C. card D. leaflet ‎22. A. different B. cold C. weak D. shallow ‎23. A. sighed B. smiled C. cried D. whispered ‎24. A. rank B. confirm C. count D. reserve ‎25. A. deliberately B. arbitrarily C. temporarily D. willingly ‎26. A. Advanced B. Extreme C. Vertical D. Absurd ‎27. A. promoted B. granted C. illustrated D. occupied ‎28. A. privilege B. exception C. priority D. distinction ‎29. A. how B. why C. when D. where ‎30. A. stop B. cut C. shorten D. split ‎31. A. estate B. virtue C. dignity D. history ‎32. A. commissions B. frictions C. actions D. innovations ‎33. A. distributing B. indicating C. advocating D. consenting ‎34. A. march B. crush C. justice D. arrest ‎35. A. stand out B. reach out C. work out D. pull out ‎【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，说的是一位母亲抗议政府的环境问题处理措施的故事。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意:我在黑暗中查看了一下时间。A.missed错过，想念；B.set设置；C.checked检查；D.hit击打。这里后面说了具体的时间是凌晨三点，所以应该是查看时间，只有check符合。故选C项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意: 我打开小床头灯，伸手去拿我丈夫和两个孩子挑出来的卡片，上面有一张北极熊从一块浮冰跳到另一块浮冰的照片。A.iPhone苹果手机；B.radio收音机；C.computer电脑；D.lamp台灯。结合前后文语境，前面说的是我在凌晨三点起来，可以推测天应该很暗，所以要开灯，而且后面也提到我在找卡片，前后结合可以知道我应该是打开了灯，所以lamp最符合题意。故选D项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意我打开小床头灯，伸手去拿我丈夫和两个孩子挑出来的卡片，上面有一张北极熊从一块浮冰跳到另一块浮冰的照片。A.tension紧张；B.occasion场合;C.revision修订修改;D.possession拥有，所有物。结合句意，应该是为了我这个活动场合挑选的卡片，所以只有occasion符合。故选B项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意: 北极熊的前爪在半空中期待地伸出，不再是在坚实的地面上，但还没有完全落在下一块冰上，这不适合我的第一次公民抗命行动，这是出于减缓全球变暖的愿望，不仅是为了北极熊，也为了我自己的孩子。A.constantly持续不断地;B.distantly遥远地;C.instantly方便地，便捷地;D.expectantly期待地。结合句意和文章保护环境的主题，北极熊应该是满怀期待地将爪子伸向半空。故选D项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意: 北极熊的前爪在半空中期待地伸出，不再是在坚实的地面上，但还没有完全落在下一块冰上，这不适合我的第一次公民抗命行动，这是出于减缓全球变暖的愿望，不仅是为了北极熊，也为了我自己的孩子。A.crucial关键的;B.civil民事的，公民的;C.central中心的;D.chief主要的。civil disobedience是一个固定的搭配，意思是不合作主义或是温和抵抗，所以应该是civil。故选B项。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意: 我在昏暗的灯光下打开卡片重新读了一下我16岁的女儿写给我的纸条。A.letter信件;B.book书;C.card卡片;D.leaflet传单。从前文我打开灯找卡片可以推理到这里应该是把这个卡片打开了。故选C项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意:我在昏暗的灯光下打开卡片重新读了一下我16岁的女儿写给我的纸条。A.different不同的;B.cold寒冷的;C.weak微弱的;D.shallow浅浅的。结合作者所处的环境，可以知道应该是昏暗的灯光。故选C项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意:我微笑着，在脑海里想象她棕色的眼睛和火红的头发。A.sighed叹气;B.smiled微笑;C.cried哭泣;D.whispered轻声说，耳语。因为作者在想自己女儿的样子，所以应该是欣慰的表情，也就是微笑。故选B项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意: 除了伴随着孩子们发烧时我花在照顾他们的时间，我现在把我两次进监狱作为我自愿做出的牺牲的一部分。A.rank排位;B.confirm确认;C.count计数;D.reserve保留，储存。后面出现了次数，可以知道前面的动词应该是计数，所以应为count。故选C项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意: 除了伴随着孩子们发烧时我花在照顾他们的时间，我现在把我两次进监狱作为我自愿做出的牺牲的一部分。A.deliberately深思熟虑地，从容不迫地;B.arbitrarily武断地，任意地;C.temporarily暂时地;D.willingly心甘情愿地。结合句意，可以知道作者是为了孩子的健康才作出牺牲的，所以应该是心甘情愿的。故选D项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意: 石油或天然气公司大力提倡使用极端方法来处理可能导致癌症和其他健康问题的矿物燃料，这是有利可图的。A.advanced高级的;B.extreme极端的;C.vertical垂直的;D.absurd荒唐的。结合句意，后面说这些方法对人体有害，所以应该是极端的方法。故选B项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意: 石油或天然气公司大力提倡使用极端方法来处理可能导致癌症和其他健康问题的矿物燃料，这是有利可图的。A.promoted推进，促销;B.granted承认;C.illustrated阐述，注释;D.occupied占据。根据前面的修饰词strongly再结合后面说的高利润，所以应该是极力推进这种极端的开采化石燃料的方法。故选A项。‎ ‎28题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意:只有当普通公民要求他们把保护自己的孩子作为头等大事的时候，政客们才更可能对那些方法说不。A.privilege权力;B.exception例外;C.priority优先权;D.distinction区别。这里有个固定搭配就是first priority意思是头等大事。故选C项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查疑问代词。句意:那就是为什么我给自己戴上手铐到白宫的外墙去阻止基石输油管线项目的原因。A.how如何;B.why为什么;C.when何时;D.where哪里。结合句意，可以知道前面说的油气公司的做法应该是作者这样对待自己的原因所在。故选B项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意: 那就是为什么我给自己戴上手铐到白宫的外墙去阻止基石输油管线项目的原因。A.stop阻止;B.cut切割;C.shorten削减;D.split使分离。结合文章主旨，作者是为了保护孩子的健康和他们的生活环境才去白宫抗议，所以此处应为阻止基石输油管线项目。故选A项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意:我相信这样做更接近历史上真实的母亲节。A.estate不动产;B.virtue美德;C.dignity尊严;D.history历史。结合句意，以及后文的关于母亲节由来的提示，可以知道前面说的应该是母亲节的历史。故选D项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意: 虽然我们不会知道几十年后我们的行动所带来的影响，但总会有那么一些时刻表明我们的努力没有白费。A.commissions委任，委员会;B.frictions摩擦;C.actions行动，措施;D.innovations创新。结合句意，应该是我们的行动带来的影响，只有action符合。故选C项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词的现在分词。句意:虽然我们不会知道几十年后我们的行动所带来的影响，但总会有那么一些时刻表明我们的努力没有白费。A.distributing分配;B.indicating表明;C.advocating拥护，倡议;D.consenting同意。一些时刻表明我们的努力没有白费，只有indicating符合。故选B项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意:在我第一次被逮捕之前的晚上，来自我女儿的纸条就是那些时刻的其中之一。A.march行军;B.crush冲撞;C.justice审判官，公正;D.arrest逮捕。结合全文，可以知道作者两次被抓进监狱，可以推断这里说的应该是自己第一次被逮捕。故选D项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意: 这让我想像北极熊一样伸出援手，像母亲节早期的领导人一样，进行一次飞跃。A.stand out出众，凸显;B.reach out伸出手;C.work out努力解答出;D.pull out拖出。结合句意，像北极熊一样，前文有对北极熊的描述说它在空中伸出爪子，可以推断这里作者应该是说的伸出手。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】完型填空最主要的技巧是找前后文提示词，根据后面的说法来推测前文，是比较快捷的解题方法，还需要记住常见句型和搭配，如20题的四个关于out的短语，以及13题first priority头等大事等。‎ 第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)[]‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Hair Loss (Alopecia)‎ Information about male pattern baldness(秃顶) causes, triggers and treatment in ‎ the UK In contrary to popular belief, hair loss—or alopecia—can start at any age. While it is associated with mature males, and statistics show it does mainly affect men above 40, the reality is you can notice symptoms in your 30s, or even 20s and teen years. The NHS statistics state that 25% of men start losing their hair by the time they reach 30. The most common form of hair loss is male pattern baldness—also known as androgenic alopecia—that affects more than half of men around the world.‎ One option many men seek is treatment to avoid further hair loss, especially early on in the process. With treatments, such as Propecia, that specifically target male pattern baldness, it is possible to stop hair loss completely and even encourage fresh new hair growth.‎ What is alopecia?‎ Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss. Most commonly affecting males, hair loss in men is caused by an increased sensitivity to the male sex hormones (androgens). The type of alopecia you have (as well as hereditary and external factors) can influence levels of hair loss. The most common type of hair loss (alopecia) is male and female pattern baldness. Other types include：‎ ‎* Alopecia areata (patches of baldness, usually on the scalp)‎ ‎* Scarring alopecia (hair loss directly affecting the hair follicles)‎ ‎* Telogen effluvium (hair thinning over a larger area on the top of the head, rather than bald patches)‎ ‎* Anagen effluvium(most commonly caused by cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy)‎ ‎36. Which of the following statements is FALSE about Propecia?‎ A. It can stop hair loss almost in all cases.‎ B. People can buy it online without doctor visit.‎ C. It encourages new hair growth in rare cases.‎ D. it is especially effective on male pattern baldness.‎ ‎37. The next part of the webpage is most likely to be about ________．‎ A. hair loss causes B. hair loss symptoms C. preventing hair loss D. treating hair loss ‎【答案】36. C 37. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文为一篇说明文。文章就脱发的含义，病因，诱因及治疗做出了说明。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段“With treatments, such as Propecia, that specifically target male pattern baldness, it is possible to stop hair loss completely and even encourage fresh new hair growth.”可知propecia可以完全阻止脱发，甚至鼓励新的头发生长，所以“C项在极少数情况下，它会促进新头发的生长”是错误的。故选C项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了脱发的症状，及治疗和预防的propecia疗法，推理接下来可能会介绍脱发的案例。故选A项。‎ B Children exposed to “safe” levels of air pollution in the womb(子宫) develop brain damage that damages their concentration, a study has shown.‎ The research is the first too link common pollutants such as nitrogen(氮) dioxide and soot(油烟) to changes in the brains of unborn babies that mean they may struggle to focus at school in later life. The findings suggest that even comparatively clean ‎ city air could lead to worse academic performance and an increased risk of mental health problems such as addition or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(缺陷多动障碍).‎ In recent years scientists have found that children who grow up surrounded by air pollution are more likely to have a broad range of “neuro(神经)developmental” difficulties, including autism and various kinds of cognitive(认知) damage. However, only a handful of studies have looked at the ways in which the poisonous gases and microscopic particles(微粒) that mothers and young children take in affect the brain during critical stages of its growth.‎ A group led by Monica Guxens, of the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, found that exposure to air pollution before birth appeared to have slowed the development of several brain regions that play an important role in people's capacity for selfdenial and sustained effort. This lack of inhibition could in turn cause “cognitive delays” when the children get older, the scientists argue in Biological Psychiatry.‎ ‎“We need this function in our daily life，” Dr. Guxens said. “It controls our impulses(冲动) and our selective attention. Children need it to learn and for making decisions in later life. We're interested to see what will happen: is there going to be an impact on their academic work, are there going to be clinical implications? It might be that this will lead to problems later.”‎ The results were drawn from MRI scans of 873 children between the ages of six and ten in Rotterdam. Even though 99.5 percent of their mothers had lived with nanoparticle pollution levels well below EU legal limits while they were pregnant the pollution still appeared to have taken its toll(伤亡人数).‎ Children who had been exposed to more pollution in the womb did worse on a test of their ability to block out irrelevant stimuli(刺激). They also had thinner outer layers in the precuneus(楔前叶) and the rostral middle frontal regions of their brains, both of which are involved in cognitive inhibition, which refers to the mind's ability to tune out stimuli that are irrelevant to the task at hand or to the mind's current state.‎ Experiments on animals show that socalled fine particles are able to pass through the placenta and affect the brain of the fetus(胎儿). Dr Guxens said there were probably no such thing as a safe concentration of air pollution.‎ ‎38. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Children's brain growth slowed by “safe” pollution.‎ B. The safe level of air pollution for pregnant women.‎ C. Factors leading to children's poor academic performance.‎ D. The problems children have when surrounded by pollution.‎ ‎39. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?‎ A. Academic work. B. The lack of inhibition.‎ C. Selective attention. D. The ability for selfdial and sustained effort.‎ ‎40. From the last three paragraphs we can infer ________．‎ A. air pollution has claimed many lives of kids B. people can't focus on air pollution enough C. the majority of pregnant women are free from air pollution D. kids exposed to more pollution have poorer cognitive inhibition ‎【答案】38. A 39. D 40. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文为一篇说明文。文章就未出生胎儿受到空气污染后可能出现的问题做出了说明。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文结合第一段“Children exposed to “safe” levels of air pollution in the womb(子宫) develop brain damage that damages their concentration, a study has shown.”，可知文章主要介绍了一项儿童的大脑生长因“安全”污染而减慢的研究。故选A项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 词义推断题。根据第五段““We need this function in our daily life，” Dr. Guxens said. “It controls our impulses(冲动) and our selective attention. Children need it to learn and for making decisions in later life.”可推断，it指代之前句“A group led by Monica Guxens, of the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, found that exposure to air pollution before birth appeared to have slowed the development of several brain ‎ regions that play an important role in people's capacity for selfdenial and sustained effort.”中的selfdenial and sustained effort。故选D项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Even though 99.5 percent of their mothers had lived with nanoparticle pollution levels well below EU legal limits while they were pregnant the pollution still appeared to have taken its toll(伤亡人数).”及最后一段“Dr Guxens said there were probably no such thing as a safe concentration of air pollution.”可知，虽然空气污染十分严重，并且广泛存在，但并未引起足够的重视。故选B项。‎ C Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.‎ Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?‎ Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's selfimage), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).‎ Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your ‎ purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other present, someone else will have surely already called for help.‎ Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.‎ Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.‎ ‎41. Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.‎ A. empathy for another individual B. instant benefits of helping others C. parental influences in the early life D. the desire to better one's selfimage ‎42. What does the underlined word “distress” in the fourth paragraph mean?‎ A. peace B. despair C. comfort D. trouble ‎43. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect?‎ A. When hearing an injured lady crying for help, the neighbors didn't take action.‎ B. Seeing an old man slipping on the icy road, many people volunteered to help.‎ C. A woman was to give birth on the train and you were the only doctor there.‎ D. On the scene of your colleague's traffic accident, you called the police for help ‎44. After the last paragraph, the most possible topic could be ________.‎ A. possible benefits of prosocial behavior B. various reasons for prosocial behavior C. situational influences on prosocial behavior D. skills and knowledge to provide assistance ‎【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了亲社会行为类型产生的原因以及旁观者效应，并建议我们当别人有困难要及时帮助．‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段Prosocial behaviors 的原因有：improve one's self-imag out of empathy；during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share，即提高自我形象、出于同情、在童年时被父母鼓励，只有B项“帮助他人的即时好处”没有提到。故选B项。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第四段“The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present.”可知，旁观者效应让很多人不太可能去帮助那些处于困难中的人，所以此处的distress指trouble，故选D项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据四段中“In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other present, someone else will have surely already called for help”可知，当目击者认为现场的其他人肯定会帮助的，所以就产生了旁观者效应，只有选项A“当听到一位受伤的女士呼救时，邻居们没有采取行动。”符合。故选A项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action。”可知，专家建议在采取措施前，一些关键的事情必须做，所以下文应该介绍如何帮助人的一些技巧。故选D项。‎ D The strand bookstore is a New York Institution, and Fred Bass was a part of it almost from the moment he was born until the day he died. Every day, dozens of sellers ‎ arrive armed with piles of books, and every day thousands of buyers browse through the 18 miles of shelving, squeezing through narrow, dark aisles towered over by high, cramped shelves.‎ Film studios wanting a line of books for a backdrop rent them from the Strand by the foot; interior designers looking for books with the same color spine will order a job lot; and hosts wishing to impress dinner guests will order the latest tomes(巨著) to replace on their coffee tables. Some even might be read.‎ ‎“You never know what someone is going to walk in with，” Bass told The Villager magazine in 2010, adding that there was nothing he loved more than the “treasure hunt”. Many books came from critics keen to add to their income by offloading review copies. Others came from large estates, fellow bookshops and even publishers quietly offloading surplus(过剩的) stock. One visitor spoke of Bass as a character who could have come from a book. “I remember sensing in Bass, beyond a slightly gruff look, a man of great passion, a man who knew the innumerable and shifting current of the book trade the way that an old sailor knows the changeable sea，” wrote Tom Vanderbilt in the New York Review of Books.‎ Bass himself took a kind, almost paternalistic(家长式的) approach to the business. Some employees remained with him for decades. When Greg Farr, a dissatisfied member of staff, published a novel that was critical of the store's management and the unions he still had his job, furthermore, the Strand sold his book.‎ Fred Bass was born in Manhattan in 1928, the year after his father, Benjamin, a Lithuanian immigrant, founded the Strand bookstore on Fourth Avenue, which was then known as “Book Row”. His mother, Shirley, a Polish immigrant, died from cancer when Fred was six. His father remarried, to Esther, a bookkeeper who was involved in various civil rights causes.‎ As a child young Fred swept the floors and by 13 he was working behind the counter on Saturdays. He recalled going on buying trips with his father and hauling back bundles of books on the subway, all tied with rope that cut into his hands. The family lived in the Bronx and young Fred studied English at Brooklyn College in the mornings and worked in the shop in the afternoons. His only extended period of time away was ‎ two year' service with the US armed forces, but even then he used his leave from the Korean War to work at the shop. In 1957, a year after taking over the business, Bass moved the store from Fourth Avenue to the corner of 12th Street and Broadway, where it stands to this day.‎ In 1952, Bass, who could eventually afford to purchase an apartment in Trump Tower, married Patricia Miller. They had a son, Stephen, who died in 2001, and a daughter, Nancy, who married Ron Wyden, a senator from Oregon. Since her teens she has worked with her father, developing the store, remodeling the space and adding air conditioning (“I hated it，”said Bass). Since 1986 the Strand has run a “Books by the Foot” department, which creates custom book collections based on readers' literary tastes or preferred colors.‎ In 1996, after seven decades as tenants(房客), the Bass family bought their building for $8.2 million. Until then they had negotiated the lease with their landlord at the nearby Knickerbock Bar and Grill; now Bass had to deal with himself. “ When I want to negotiate my own lease I have go to the bar myself”， he joked. Even in his late eighties Bass was making buying trips, though no longer by subway.‎ Time and the Internet have not been kind to booksellers. “Book Row” is now only the Strand, which itself has been redesigned to be more “userfriendly”. Tshirts, postcards, fridge magnets and other gifts now account for about 15 per cent of the Strand's turnover. Satellite stores have been set up and new books have joined the traditional secondhand commodities. “ I make less money，” Bass said，“ but it's a little bit more scientific”.‎ Perhaps the most unusual part of management at the Strand book store was the book quiz—matching authors and title—that job applicants since the 1970 have been required to take.‎ ‎45. From the first two paragraphs we learn that the Strand Store ________．‎ A. is rented to different users by the foot B. sells thousands of books to buyers every day C. enjoys popularity with people from different walks of life D. serves regularly as background for a large number of films ‎46. What does “treasure hunt” mean to Fred Bass?‎ A. Secondhand books may come from valuable sources.‎ B. Fellow bookshops may make way for the Strand Store.‎ C. He may find fun from characters in different books.‎ D. He knows the changing current of the book trade well enough.‎ ‎47. Which of the following is true about Fred Bass's family?‎ A. His mother devoted herself to various civil rights causes.‎ B. His father remarried when he was 13 years old.‎ C. Bass didn't get married until he bought an apartment.‎ D. His daughter Nancy is a senator from Oregon.‎ ‎48. The underlined word “haul” in Para 6 probably means ________.‎ A. transport B. bargain C. howl D. drag ‎49. Why did Bass make less money?‎ A. He had to spend money adopting more scientific management.‎ B. People spend more time on the Internet than visiting his bookstore.‎ C. His daughter remodeled the space and added such goods as Tshirts.‎ D. He had fewer job applicants who passed the book quiz.‎ ‎50. The pattern of the passage is ________．‎ A. a news report B. an advertisement C. a short story D. a biography ‎【答案】45. C 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇传记类文章，讲的是strand书店老板的一生的传奇故事。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every day, dozens of sellers arrive armed with piles of books, and every day thousands of buyers browse through the 18 miles of shelving,”以及第二段中“Film studios wanting a line of books for a backdrop rent them from the Strand by the ‎ foot”，可知，这个书店卖家和买家都特别多而且还有电影工作室想要租赁他的书店来拍电影，所以应该是受到各界人士的欢迎。故选C项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段“treasure hunt”和后面的“Many books came from critics keen to add to their income by offloading review copies. Others came from large estates, fellow bookshops and even publishers quietly offloading surplus(过剩的) stock.”可知，对书店老板来说寻宝的含义就是这些书籍背后的来源的价值。故选A项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第七段的第一句话，可以知道弗雷德巴斯直到自己买得起公寓的时候才结的婚。故选C项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 词义推测题。根据第六段“back bundles of books on the subway,”可以知道是往回运书的意思,bundle的意思是一捆，所以应该是拖拽。故选D项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第九段“Time and the Internet have not been kind to booksellers”可知是网络的原因使得书店的生意没有以前好了，故选B项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据全文按照时间顺序记录了书店老板的一生，可知应该是一篇传记。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】阅读理解类的题目无非就是主旨大意，细节理解，词意理解，文体类型，推理判断这么几种题，最主要的是要全盘理解和细节分析结合，在不偏离主旨的基础上再去抠细节，注意题目和文章里同时出现的词和句子，通过它来进行对答案范围的快速锁定。‎ 第四部分 任务型阅读 This time of year, thousands of college applicants wait for enotices and auspiciously(吉利地) sized envelopes from schools, under terrible pressure from their parents, friends, teachers, and themselves. As to this, I offer some advice, which comes not only from a bit of experience, but also a bit of research: just cool out and continue, okay?‎ Many parents and students think there is a world of difference between the lifelong ‎ outcomes of an Aminus student who gets into, say. Princeton, and an Aminus student who applies to Princeton but “only” gets into some less selective school, like Penn State or the University of Wisconsin. They assume that a decision made by faceless Ivy League admissions officers, to some extent, will mark the difference between success and failure in life.‎ There are two important things to say about this stress. First, to put the anxiety into context, the kids applying to these schools are already doing quite well. Seventy percent of 29yearolds don't have a bachelor's degree, and the majority of BAs are earned at nonselective schools that accept a majority of their applicants. Many of the applicants have already won life's lottery.‎ But if that doesn't ease the nerves of the 40，000 people waiting on Stanford or Penn, here is a more encouraging conclusion from economics. For most applicants, it doesn't matter if they don't get into their top choice, according to a paper by Stacy Dale, a mathematician at Mathematica Policy Research, and Alan Krueger, an economist at Princeton University. They tracked two groups of students—one that attended college in the 1970s and the other in the early 1990s. They wanted to know：Did students attending the most elite colleges earn more in their 30s. 40s. and 50s than students with similar SAT scores, who were rejected by elite colleges? The short answer was no. Or, in the author's language, the difference between the students who went to superselective schools and the students with similar SAT scores rejected by those schools and went to less selective institutions was “indistinguishable from zero.”‎ What does that mean? It means that, for many students, “who you are” is more important than where you go. It's hard to show that highly selective colleges add much earning power, even with their distinguished professors and professional networks. In addition, the decision of admissions officers isn't as important as the sum of the decisions, habits, and relationships students have built up to this point in their young life.‎ For the elite colleges themselves, the DaleKrueger paper had additional, fascinating findings. It's found that the most selective schools do make an extraordinary difference in life earning for minority students from lesseducated ‎ families who are more likely to rely on colleges to provide the training and job networks with great influence. Getting into Princeton if your parents went to Princeton? Fine, although not a gamechanger. But getting into Princeton if your parents both left community college after a year? That could be gamechanging. Whatever the results, it's more important to choose a university that is suited to the college applicants.‎ What is an elite college really worth for ？‎ Introduction College applicants tend to feel ___51___ while awaiting admission decisions.‎ Author's advice College applicants should cool down and carry ____52____‎ General ___53___‎ Success and failure in life is partly____54____ by which school you will go to.‎ Two important things Those ___55___ to the top universities have already won half the battle in their young life.‎ Students graduating from top universities don't necessarily earn more money than those who are turned___56___ by top universities.‎ Implication of the research ‎___57___ qualities matter more than where a student gets degree.‎ ‎___58___ can be more important than the social and problemsolving skills students have acquired.‎ Additional findings of the research Minority students from lesseducated families can gain access to the ___59___ networks through highly selective colleges.‎ Conclusion It makes sense to find a good ___60___.‎ ‎【答案】51. stressed/pressured ‎ ‎52. on 53. assumption ‎ ‎54. decided/determined ‎ ‎55. applying ‎ ‎56. down 57. Personal/Individual ‎ ‎58. Nothing ‎ ‎59. influential ‎ ‎60. fit ‎【解析】‎ 本文为一篇应用文，作者对准备入学的大学申请者做出了建议。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查形容词作表语。由第一段“This time of year, thousands of college applicants wait for enotices and auspiciously(吉利地) sized envelopes from schools, under terrible pressure from their parents, friends, teachers, and themselves.”，可知大学申请者往往感到巨大的压力当在等待录取通知时。故填stressed/pressured。‎ ‎52题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。由第一段“As to this, I offer some advice, which comes not only from a bit of experience, but also a bit of research: just cool out and continue, okay?”，联系题目可知，须填carry的短语，与continue意思相同，故使用carry on意为“继续”。故填on。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查名词。由第二段“They assume that a decision made by faceless Ivy League admissions ‎ officers, to some extent, will mark the difference between success and failure in life.”可知，此处为大致假设。故填assumption。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。由第二段They assume that a decision made by faceless Ivy League admissions officers, to some extent, will mark the difference between success and failure in life.”可知，人生的成败在一定程度上取决于你上哪所学校。故填decided/determined。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查现在分词。根据“the kids applying to these schools are already doing quite well.”，此处为申请上名校，apply to the top universities意为“申请名校”，那些人与申请名校为逻辑上的主动关系。故填applying。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查介词。由第四段“Did students attending the most elite colleges earn more in their 30s. 40s. and 50s than students with similar SAT scores, who were rejected by elite colleges? The short answer was no.”可知，在大多数精英大学就读的学生在30、40、50岁时的收入不一定高于那些被精英大学拒绝的SAT成绩相近的学生。故填down。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查名词。由第五段“It means that, for many students, “who you are” is more important than where you go.”可知，个人的能力比你在哪里学习更为重要。填Personal/Individual。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查不定代词。根据倒数第二段“In addition, the decision of admissions officers isn't as important as the sum of the decisions, habits, and relationships students have built up to this point in their young life.”可知，只有自己的社会技能和处理问题的能力才是最重要的。故填Nothing。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查形容词。根据最后一段“It's found that the most selective schools do make an extraordinary difference in life earning for minority students from lesseducated families who are more likely to rely on colleges to provide the training and job networks with great influence.”对照可得，networks with great influence与influential ‎ networks意思相近。故填influential。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查形容词。结合全文，及最后一段“Whatever the results, it's more important to choose a university that is suited to the college applicants.”，fit有“合适”的意思与“suited”意思相近。故填fit。‎ 第五部分 单词拼写 ‎61. Bob spent fifteen months abroad. Ann, m_______, took care of the child on her own.‎ ‎62. To our r_______, there happened to be no people in the building when the fire broke out.‎ ‎63. When I got to the airport my friends were all a_______ the plane.‎ ‎64. It’s not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as f_______ as a native English speaker.‎ ‎65. He has only been able to trace out the o______ of the plan, without any details.‎ ‎66. The government should strengthen laws to ________(监控) food producers.‎ ‎67. I ________(惊慌) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.‎ ‎68. They reached a(n) ________(和解) with neighboring countries.‎ ‎69. We had a long wait, but it was _______(值得的) because we got the tickets.‎ ‎70. To their surprise, the _______(大多数) of people agree to the plan.‎ ‎【答案】61. meanwhile/meantime ‎ ‎62. relief 63. aboard ‎ ‎64. fluently ‎ ‎65. outline ‎ ‎66. monitor ‎ ‎67. panicked ‎ ‎68. accommodation ‎ ‎69. worthwhile ‎ ‎70. majority ‎【解析】‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：鲍勃在国外呆了十五个月。与此同时，安独自照顾孩子。根据句意可知，此处应填连词表示同一时间的行为。故填meanwhile/meantime。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：让我们欣慰的是，火灾发生时，大楼里碰巧没有人。to our relief为固定搭配，意为“让我们欣慰的是”。故填relief。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：当我到达机场时，我的朋友们都在飞机上了。分析句子可知，be动词后需填形容词做表语，结合句意。故填aboard。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考察副词。句意：对一个中国人来说，英语说得和英语母语者一样流利是不容易的。所填词修饰speak，应使用副词，结合句意。故填fluently。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：他只能够勾勒出计划的大纲，没有任何细节。结合句意可知，他需要勾勒的是一个大纲，定冠词the后需填名词。故填outline。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：政府应加强法律监督食品生产商。分析句子，此处不定式to do表目的，故填monitor的动词形式。故填monitor。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时。句意：我看到发动机冒出烟，吓了一跳。分析句子可知，整句使用一般过去时，panick的过去式为panicked。故填panicked。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：他们与邻国达成了和解。reached an accommodation with为固定搭配，意为“与……达成和解”故填accommodation。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：我们等了很长时间，但这是值得的，因为我们拿到了票。分析句子可知，be动词后需填形容词。故填worthwhile。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：出乎意料的是，大多数人都同意这个计划。the majority of为固定搭配，意为“大多数”。故填majority。‎ 第六部分 书面表达（满分20分）‎ ‎71.阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。‎ An old proverb says, "Overcome evil by doing good." I read the news and see people who behead（将……斩首）others in the Middle East, abuse maids and domestic workers in Hong Kong, steal money and misuse power in government (not only in China but in the U.S. and every other part of the world), those who claim certain social ideals while privately practicing greed and living lifestyles that totally contradict their so-called 'ideals.' I only see the headlines and rarely read the stories. It is too depressing.‎ So, what do you do when there is so much evil in the world? What can YOU do about it?‎ There's only one thing that I know to do. I know (and feel it deep in my heart) to do good.‎ My way of overcoming evil in the world is too invest in the lives of Chinese children. I do this every day. I love 'giving back'. I love taking the money I earn and investing back into the lives of children. I will create a language learning lab in a public high school's international department (I already bought four new computers for it this week). The students need the tools to work on their English exams and prepare for TOEFL, IELTS and the SAT. There's no provision for them to have such a resource right now, so, rather than complain about it not being done, I decided, 'why don't I do something about it.' I know that I can and just decided to do it. It isn't anything great, but it will make a difference in the lives of some.‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1、请以约30个词概括上文的内容；‎ ‎2、请以约120个词就“人需要行善”进行议论，内容包括：‎ ‎（1）你是否赞成行善？人为什么需要行善？ （2）谈谈你今后打算如何行善；‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1、作文中可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不能直接引用原文句子。‎ ‎2、作文中不能出现真实的姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】The author not only emphasizes that one should overcome evil by doing good by listing some evil things in society, but also tells us the good things that he has done and will do in the future.‎ From my perspective, I firmly stand up for doing good. On one hand, doing good can help people acquiring (accumulate) merit which will make one end up being a man of good morality. On the other hand, doing good can have a great power which can give others warmth, help them out when they are in trouble, which eventually shape our own great career. Furthermore, doing good is just like a seed that can sow good and harvest hope, giving others hope, confidence and courage of life. ‎ As for my future intention of doing good, firstly, I will strive to make money to assist those who are in need of help, such as building homes for orphans and for the lonely elderly and donating money to Hope Project. Secondly, I would like to be a volunteer, doing voluntary work helping the poor areas and people. ‎ In conclusion, as long as we each contribute a bit of love to others, our world will become a beautiful harmonious place.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于议论文，表达自己对于行善的观点以及自己对行善有什么打算。‎ ‎【详解】第一步:审题 体裁:议论文 时态:根据提示，应为一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 结构:总分总法 总分总法是把主句作为总说，分句分说自己的观点，以这种结构安排所写的内容。‎ 要求:1、请以约30个词概括上文的内容；‎ ‎2、请以约120个词就“人需要行善”进行议论，内容包括：‎ ‎（1）你是否赞成行善？人为什么需要行善？ （2）谈谈你今后打算如何行善；‎ 第二步:列提纲 not onlybut also不仅而且 From my perspective以我的观点 stand up for支持 On one handOn the other hand一方面另一方面 end up doing结束做 strive to do尽力做 such as 例如 in conclusion总而言之 第三步:连词成句 ‎1.The author not only emphasizes that one should overcome evil by doing good by listing some evil things in society, but also tells us the good things that he has done and will do in the future.‎ ‎2.On one hand, doing good can help people acquiring (accumulate) merit which will make one end up being a man of good morality. ‎ ‎3.On the other hand, doing good can have a great power which can give others warmth, help them out when they are in trouble, which eventually shape our own great career. ‎ ‎4.I will strive to make money to assist those who are in need of help, such as building homes for orphans and for the lonely elderly and donating money to Hope Project. ‎ ‎5.In conclusion, as long as we each contribute a bit of love to others, our world will become a beautiful harmonious place.‎ 将关键的词语和短语连成句子，注意主谓一致和时态的问题 第四步:连句成篇 ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including ‎3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。‎ 第五步:润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在文中使用了较多的主从复合句，例如On one hand, doing good can help people acquiring (accumulate) merit which will make one end up being a man of good morality一句是定语从句，还有Furthermore, doing good is just like a seed that can sow good and harvest hope, giving others hope, confidence and courage of life.一句，是运用了比喻的手法，结合定语从句和现在分词作定语的结构的一个复合句，that引导一句定语从句，后面的giving一句是现在分词作了seed的定语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎