高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：状语从句(1)

高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：状语从句(1)

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 1 - 状语从句 种 类 从属连词 例 句 说 明 时 间 状 从 when When I came into the room, he was writing a letter. We shall go there whenever we are free. when 指的是“某一具体的时间” whenever 指的是“在任何时间” I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. when 意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,表示某件事正在发生或 刚刚发生时，另一动作同时发生。这种用法的 when 分句一 般位于句末。常用句型：be about to do… when…, be doing… when…, had done… when…, be on one’s way… when…, be on the point of doing… when… He usually walks when he might ride.They had only three tables when they needed five. How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 尽管，虽然，既然，鉴于，如果 while While it was raining, they went out. I stayed while he was away. while 指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while 引导的动作 必须是持续性的 I like watching TV while he likes reading. while 做并列连词，表示相对关系“然而” While I understand your point of view, I don’t share it. While 引导让步状语从句，相当于 although，但一般位于主 句之前。 While there is life, there is hope. While 引导条件状语从句，相当于 as/so long as,翻译成“只 要” as He hurried home, looking behind as he went. as 引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生 As I get older, I get more optimistic. 两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间 的推移。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 2 - He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 一边……一边…… As he was going out, it began to rain. 强调两个动作紧接着发生。 As a boy(When he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths. as+名词，相当于时间状语从句 before A.Be a pupil before you become a teacher. BWe waited a long time before he came out .We hadn’t waited long before he came out. C．He died before he wrote a will. D．he sun had set before we knew it. Leave me before I changed my mind. I’d die before I apologized to them. Get out before I call the police. 往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生，“在……之前”， A.“ ……才”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例很长或花费 的力气很大。） B.“……就”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例短或花费的力 气很大。） C．“还没有……”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可、宁愿”“否 则，要不然” It will be five years before he returns to his homeland. It won’t be long before we meet again. It+（not）be+some time+before 从句。肯定句中，“多长时 间之后才”；否定句中，“用不了多长时间就” after He arrived after the game started. until/till We waited till (until)he came back . 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止” She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock . Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there. 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在… 以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用 until since Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you. 状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在 主句之后则不必用标点符号。 Mr. Li has been here since he came back. I have written home but once since I came here. since 后是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动 作发生时算起。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 3 - He has written to me frequently since he was ill. since 后是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作 结束时算起。 It is (has been) a long time since I smoked. It has been two years since I began to smoke. It + be+ some time+since 短语或从句，如果从句中谓语动词 是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间”；如果是延 续性动词，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。需要注意主句 与从句时态的一致性。 一……就…… Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop. I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had we got to the station than the train left. hardly…when 和 no sooner…than 的意义相当于 as soon as, 但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过 去时，如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于句首时语气强，而且主句 的谓语要用部分倒装。 一……就…… Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful. Next time you come ,you’ll see him. 有些名词或副词可以起连词的作用。如：the minute, the moment, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, the last time, each time, all the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly, as soon as, once 等。 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用 现在时或过去时代替将来时。 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一 On his arrival in Paris, he was recognised as a oble and thrown into prison. on doing sth.或 on one’s +名词 地 点 状 从 where wherever Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is water there is life. You are free to go wherever you like. Wherever you go, you must obey the law. where 与 wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用 于书面语。where 表示特定的地点，wherever 表示非特定的 地点。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 4 - 原 因 状 从 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty because 用来回答 why 的问题，语气最强 not because…but because 不是因为……而是因为…… partly because… 部分是因为…… because because of since Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting since 表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因, 多放句首 for He must be ill, for he is absent today. 不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示 补充说明理由。 as As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary. As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。从句常放在 句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。 now that, seeing that, considering that ， in that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey. Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor. Now(that) everybody is here, let’s begin. seeing (that), now that, considering that 和 since, as 意义相 似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that 可以省去 in that 中 that 不能省略。now that 用来说明一种新情况，然后加以 推论，位于句首时，that 可以省略。 目 的 状 从 that so that in order that=to the end that lest = for fear that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget. We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time . Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold. 目 的 状 语 从 句 中 常 用 情 态 动 词 may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后， 主从句之间不用任何标点符号 in case Take your raincoat in case it rains He left early in case he (should) miss the last train. In case “以防”后面的从句可以使用一般现在时表示将来， 或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，还可以和其他的目的状 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 5 - 语从句一样，有一个表推定性的情态动词，in case 从句可 使用 should，但 should 也可以省略。 结 果 状 从 so that so…that We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news. He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word. so that 前有逗号为结果状语从句 so…that 的 so 后面跟形容词或副词 such…that He gave such important reasons that he was excused. It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it. such…that 的 such 后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用 such a /an…that 还可以转换用 so…that，语气较强 条 件 状 从 if unless as/so long as in case so far as once Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain. So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed. In case I forget, please remind me about it So far as I know, the book will be published next month. unless 从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless 和 if…not 同义， unless 是书面语，if…not 是口语，通常二者可以换用 条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去 时代替一般将来时或过去将来时 suppose/supposing (that)假定 provided/providing (that) ; on condition (that) 在……条件下， 以……为条件 Suppose/Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? I’ll go provided/providing the children can come with me. I’ll allow you to go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the bank. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 6 - 方 式 状 从 as as if… as though Draw a cat as I taught you Do as you are told. She looks as if she is ill. He acted as if (though) nothing had happened They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal. 此处 as 译为：按照或正如 as if 或 as though 的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现 在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气 as it is/was I thought conditions would get better, but as it is they are getting worse. Leave it as it is. 用于句首时，用来陈述真实的情况，可以翻译为“事实上， 实际情况是”；用于句末时，常表示“按原来的样子，照现 在的样子”，若前面的名词委复数，则应改为 as they are/were。 as it were He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain. 用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像，可以说是”，不能改为 as it is (was) 让 步 状 从 although though Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day. 在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以 与 yet 或 still 连用。though / although 意义相同，用法基本 一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面 even if, even though I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. even if 和 even though 的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想 的意味，多用于书面语中 as Child as he is , he knows a lot . Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors. as 引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用 though 或 although 引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从 句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。 no matter (whether, who, what when, where, which, how…) Do it no matter what others say. No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day. No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful. no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 7 - wh+ever (whatever whoever ,whenever whichever ,however) Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart. Whoever comes, he will be welcome. 短语“尽管” In spite of/Despite the fact that he is sometimes selfish, we have to depend on him Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards. for all (that), in spite of the fact, despite the fact that, regardless of (of the fact)等。 or Right or wrong, this is my temper. East or west, home is best. or 连接的两个意义相反的词语，在句中也表让步。 比 较 状 从 as…as , not so/as…as the same…as such…as Mary is as old as my sister. He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does). His book is the same as mine. Henry is not such a good worker as Peter . 连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用 as…as 否定句可用 not as…as 或 not so…as …than… She has made greater progress this year than she did last year. He bought fewer books than I (did). the more …the more… The more you read, the better you understand. The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. The sooner, the better.The warmer, the better. the more…the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在 前主句在后，这两个 the 都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级 的形容词或副词前面