2019届二轮复习语法专题从定语从句分类角度解析关系词课件（23张）

2019届二轮复习语法专题从定语从句分类角度解析关系词课件（23张）

2019 届二轮复习语法专题从定 语 从 句类型角度解析关系词 1. 定语从句考点 1 、关系代词 that – which; whose; which – as 的用 法比较； 2 、关系代词和关系副词的用法比较； 3 、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句； 4 、定语从句与并列句的区别。 1 、关系代词的用法比较 问题 1 ： 1 、 Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office. （ 05 浙江卷） A ． which B ． that C ． this D ． it 2 、 Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way. （ 04 北京春季） A. it B. that C. this D. which A 当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用 that 也可用 which ，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which ，不能用 that 。 D 但在下列情况中，只能用 that ，不用 which ： ① 当先行词是 all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing 等词时 。如： All that can be done has been done. In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours . ② 当先行词被 all, any, no, much, little, few, every 等限定词所修饰时。 如： We heard clearly every word that he said . ③ 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时 。 如： The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake. ④ 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时 ， 如： Is that the best that you can do ? That ’ s the most expensive hotel that we ’ ve ever stayed in . This novel is the second best one that I have ever read. ⑤ 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等所修饰时。 如： This is the very book that I want to find . ⑥ 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。 如： The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children ’ s Palace . She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most . ⑦ 当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 如： Which is the car that killed the boy ? 问题 2 ： 1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______effects the people are still suffering. （ 05 天津卷） A. that B. whose C. those D. what 2) George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04 北京） A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name B D “whose + 名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题 2 ），又能作宾语（如题 1 ）。 whose 的先行词常用来指人（如题 2 ），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题 1 ），这时可以与 of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词 +of which” 。题 1 可变为： from the effects of which … 问题 3 ： 1 、 _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （ 04 江苏） A. Which B. When C. What D. As 2 、 John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true. （ 01 北京春季） A ． he B ． this C ． which D ． who D 非限制性定语从句一般采用 which 或 as 来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点： （ 1 ） as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而 which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（ 2 ）从意义上讲， which 指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成 “就象 …… 那样、正如所 …… 的” 。 （ 3 ）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起 消极 作用，则用 which ，而不用 as ， C 问题 4 ： What surprised me was not what he said but he said it. （ 04 湖北） A ． the way B ． in the way that C ． in the way D ． the way which A 该句的意思是“使我感到惊奇的不是他说了些什么，而是他表达的方法。”句中“ what he said” 和“ the way he said it” 是并列结构作表语。假如 the way 在从句中作状语，其中的关系词有三种不同的表达方式。 1) the way + that; 2) the way 后省略关系词 ; 3) the way + in which 。根据句意可以排除 B 、 C ；答案 D which 前缺少介词 in ，所以答案为 A 。 2 、关系代词和关系副词的比较 问题 1 ： 1 、 Do you still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited three months ago? （ 05 北京春季） A. where B. when C. that D. what 2 、 There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. （ 04 全国 II ） A. where B . which C. when D. that C A 当先行词是表 时间 的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少 主语或宾语 ，关系词应该用 which 或 that , 缺少 时间状语或地点状语 时，才能用 when 或 where 。 题 1 中的 farm 作 visited 的宾语，故选 C ；题 2 中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地点状语，故选 A 。 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1 、关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的 介词 + which 结构： when = on (in, at, during … ) + which; where = in (at, on … ) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (= on which) he arrived. The office where (= in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (= for which) we did it. 2 、当先行词是表 时间 和表 地点 的 词 时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果 缺少主语或宾语 时，关系词应该用 which 或 that , 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where ，试比较： I ’ ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated . I ’ ll never forget the days which / that we spent together last summer . His father works in a factory where radio parts are made . His father works in a factory which / that makes radio parts. 3 、 when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而 why 只能引导限制性定语从句。 3 、介词加关系代词引导定语从句 问题 1 ： 1 、 The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ___ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05 江苏卷 ) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 2 、 He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went on to Cambridge. （ 05 山东卷） A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 　　　　　　　 C C 题 1 中 the place 在定语从句中作 to be built 的地点状语，此处的 at which 相当于 where ; 后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题 2 表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选 C 。 介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中 的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题： 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人， which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如： Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to? The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke. 2. 要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。 巩固练习： American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently. （ 04 上海） A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 2. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （ 04 全国 I ） A for which B at which C in which D on which 3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine. （ 04 全国 IV ） A on which B in which C of which D from which 4. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. （ 04 广西） A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which A D C C 4. 非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别　 问题 1 ： 　 There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high. （ 04 湖北） A ． the larger B ． the larger of them C ． the larger one that D ． the larger of which 要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看两个 句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折 号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没有这些连接符号，那就 是非限制性定语从句，此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或 关系副词了。 D 巩固练习： The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad. （ 04 辽宁） A ． of which B ． which of C ． of them D ． of that 2. I have many friends, some are businessmen. （ 05 全国卷 1 ） A ． of them B ． from which C ． who of D ． of whom A D 题 2 也可以改为： some of whom are businessmen. 如果在之 前加上连词 and ，就只能用 some of them ，而且不能倒装。 5 、注意 the same … as / such … as 的使用问题 当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as ， 也可以用 that 。 在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as ， 表示同一事物多用 that 。 如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday . 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday . 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。 在 抽象概念 上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have . 这里要注意的是： (1) 使用 as 时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用 that 时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men . Women received the same pay that men received . (2) 在 “ the same … that ” 结构中， that 只是用来加强语气，强调 “ 相同 ” 。 that 可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的 same 也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday . = This is the same instrument I used yesterday . = This is the instrument I used yesterday . 但在 “ the same … as ” 结构中， same 和 as 都不能省略。 (3) 当 “ the same … that ” 结构中的 that 作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与 as 互换。如： He lives in the same building that I live . = He lives in the same building as / that I live in . Shall we meet at the same place that we last met ? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at ? (4) 当先行词前有 such, so, as 时，关系词应当用 as 。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn ’ t understand . He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand. At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can . It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read . Let ’ s discuss such things as we can talk of freely . 另需注意： This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand . （定语从句） This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it . （结果状语从句） Good-bye!