山东省聊城一中2020届高三4月线上模拟英语试题

山东省聊城一中2020届高三4月线上模拟英语试题

聊城一中高三加强训练（一） 英语强试题 阅读（共两节，每题 2.5 分；满分 97.5 分） 第一节 Laura Sides was a psychology major at the University of Nottingham in 2004. She first noticed signs of her dad’s developing dementia(痴呆) when she moved to Nottingham. She said, "Dad was a doctor, so he knew exactly what had happened to him, but people try to hide it when they are ill. Then, I came home for my 21st birthday and arranged to meet him, but he never showed up as he’d forgotten. That’s when I knew something serious had happened." So, aged 21, she decided to leave university and look after him herself. She lived close by, popping in every day to make sure he was eating, and that the house was tidy, before heading off to her work. Besides challenging moments, there was a time when looking after her dad was a pure joy. "We’d wake up, I’d ask what he wanted to do that day, and however ridiculous the adventure is, off we’d go." Sadly, in 2009, 5 years later, Laura lost her father. Before he died, Laura went to a hospital appointment with him, where doctors mentioned that his form of Alzheimer’s disease was genetic meaning there was a fifty-fifty chance that she had inherited it. For several years Laura agonised over whether to be tested, finally finding out in August 2017 that she has the APP gene, meaning that, like him, she will develop the condition within a decade. At first, she struggled, feeling as if her life lacked purpose. Then, during a sleepless night in the summer of 2018, she decided at around 2 a.m. to enter the 2019 London Marathon sponsored by the charities Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer’s Research UK. She hoped to start the conversation around early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and to encourage people to talk about it more openly. "I remember when Dad was ill, people wouldn’t know how to react, but I want to be honest and open," she added. "The more information we can get, the less of a taboo(忌讳) we will feel. That said, the support I’ve received so far after going public has been amazing — that’s what is carrying me through." 1. Laura noticed her father’s dementia when . A. her father told her his condition in person B. people nearby informed her of his father’s condition C. her father forgot his own birthday party D. her father forgot to attend her 21-year-old birthday party 2. The underlined word "agonised" in Paragraph 4 probably means . A. excited B. struggled C. shocked D. delighted 3. Laura started the open talk in the hope of . A. getting people to talk about Alzheimer’s disease openly B. earning some money to help treat her Alzheimer’s disease C. making herself stronger to fight against Alzheimer’s disease D. raising funds for charities Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer’s disease Research UK 4. Which words can best describe Laura? A. Caring and positive. B. Careful and honest. C. Patient and cautious. D. Devoted and modest. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。Laura Sides 在读大学期间，父亲患上了阿尔茨海默病，她离开学校照料 父亲直到他去世；后来她得知自己在十年内也会患上同样的病。她挣扎之后便振作了起来， 决定参加马拉松比赛，并且进行阿尔茨海默病方面的对话，鼓励人们更加公开地谈论这种病。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后两句“Then, I came home for my 21st birthday…That’s when I knew something serious had happened”可知，Laura 的父亲忘记参加女儿的 21 岁生日会，在那 时 Laura 意识到父亲已患病。故选 D。 【2 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“there was a fifty-fifty chance that she had inherited it”可知，医生 告知 Laura，她有百分之五十患病的概率，并结合画线词所在句中的“whether to be tested”可 推知，此处表示 Laura 几年来苦苦思索是否去检查一下，与 B 项词义接近。故选 B。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词 open talk 定位到文章的最后一段。根据该段首句“She hoped to start the conversation around early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and to encourage people to talk about it more openly”可知，作者公开谈论阿尔茨海默病是为了鼓励人们公开谈论此病，故答 案是 A。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文内容可知， Laura 在得知父亲患阿尔茨海默病后离开学校照料他直至 他去世，后来得知自己也会得阿尔茨海默病，挣扎后便振作起来，先是决定参加马拉松比赛， 接着围绕这种病进行对话，鼓励人们更加公开地谈论它。由此可推知，作者是一个关心他人 又积极向上的人。故选 A。 【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的 词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基 础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题 2 要求猜测出 agonised 的含义，就是根据上文中的“there was a fifty-fifty chance that she had inherited it”可知，医生 告知 Laura，她有百分之五十患病的概率，并结合画线词所在句中的“whether to be tested”可 推知，此处表示 Laura 几年来苦苦思索是否去检查一下，与 B 项词义接近，从而推测出 agonised 之意。 Life on the street is a constant struggle for homeless people. In times of extreme weather conditions, that struggle becomes even more difficult. Recently, homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn't find shelter for the night. Thankfully, one local woman refused to let that happen. On January 30，2018, 34-year-old Candice Payne, a local managing broker, was lucky enough to have shelter from the dangerous conditions. “It was - 20℃, and I knew they were going to be sleeping on ice and I had to do something,” said Payne. Payne started brainstorming different ways she could possibly help. Finally， she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street. For Payne, her mission was personal. According to Payne, her husband, Carlos Callahan， had lived on the streets at one point in his life. Based on his experiences, Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn't step up to help, no one likely would. However, when Payne explained what she was trying to do，many of the local hotels refused to allow her to pay for the rooms as they didn't want homeless people to stay in their rooms. “No one wanted them, but one hotel, the Amber Inn, was nice enough to allow me to buy the rooms,” said Payne. Payne's selfless act made news across the country. However, she insisted she had never done it for attention. “I am a regular person, ” said Payne, who spent thousands of dollars of her own money to help complete strangers.“It all sounded like a rich person did this, but I’m just a little black girl from the South Side. ” 5. What does the underlined word “ that” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Locals living on the street‘ B. The homeless freezing to death. C. The extreme weather. D. The shelter for the homeless. 6. How did Candice Payne help the homeless people? A. By drawing public attention. B. By giving them money directly. C. By taking them to her own house. D. By buying hotel rooms for them. 7. What may contribute to Payne’s nice act? A. Her husband's past experiences. B. The requests from the homeless. C. Her desire to become famous. D. The coldness of local hotels. 8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. A Black Fighter Changes the World B A Woman’s Curiosity Brings a Reward C. A Regular Woman Makes a Difference D. A Couple's Brave Act Moves the Country 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个普通的芝加哥妇女买下琥珀宾馆的房间让无家可归者过 夜，以免他们被冻死。 【5 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Recently, homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn't find shelter for the night.”可知，最近，芝加哥的无家可归者如果找不到过夜的 地方，就会被冻死，再结合画线词前的“Thankfully, one local woman refused to let”可知，幸 运的是，一位当地妇女拒绝让这种事情发生，由此可知画线词指的就是前面提到的无家可归 者被冻死的情况，故 B 项正确。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“but one hotel, the Amber Inn, was nice enough to allow me to buy the rooms,”可知，Candice Payne 是通过买下琥珀宾馆的房间的方式来帮助那些无家可归 者的，故 D 项正确。 【7 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“According to Payne, her husband, Carlos Callahan， had lived on the streets at one point in his life. Based on his experiences, Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help”可知，Payne 的丈夫曾有过露宿街头的经历，这让 Payne 了解无家可归者极需帮助，所以决定帮助他们，故 A 项正确。 【8 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个普通的芝加哥妇女买下琥珀宾馆的房间让 无家可归者过夜，以免他们被冻死，故 C 项（一位普通妇女的大影响）最适合作文章标题。 Being "young is associated with all the good things in life - beauty, hope, and energy. But youth also has negative associations - impulsiveness, trouble -making, and irresponsibility. This negative side seems to be what society focuses on more, which is why young people have mostly been considered as idle and difficult. But when it comes to Generation Z - those born between 1996 and 2010 - this stereotype doesn't seem to apply anymore. In Japan, for example, Gen Z-ers are less likely to buy on impulse, but take into consideration more a product's true value. They' re looking at the companies, not just the products," Masahiko Uotani, CEO of Japanese cosmetics company Shiseido, told Bloomberg. They're asking, 'Are they really delivering value to the society? Are they promoting diversity and inclusion?" Gen Z-ers are also more grounded than we' ve expected them to be. According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years. And they' re not just saying it - they are willing to make sacrifices for it, including getting a second job and saving money for down payment instead of spending it on a vacation. "Despite their young age, this group is pragmatic and actively planning for their future," D.Steve Boland, head of Consumer Lending at Bank of America, told USA Today. "They have a clear vision how they are willing to help themselves in order to make it happen. Social issues are also at the center of concern of Gen Z-ers, who take themselves as a changing force of the world. In India, for example, young people who have just reached the voting age are eager to vote for a new leader who is capable of solving problems that matter the most to them, including pollution, unemployment and women' s safety. As a Gen-Zer yourself, what is your plan for the future? 9. What do the underlined words this stereotype" in paragraph2 refer to ? A. Being young is good. B. Gen Z-ers are born after 1996. C. The traditional poor impressions on the youth. D. The associations with young people. 10. We can infer from the third paragraph that______________. A. Gen Z-ers in Japan are picky B. The Gen Z-ers are self-centered C. The Gen Z-ers care little about products D. The Gen Z-ers are wise when shopping 11. What's Steve Boland's attitude to the Gen Z-ers ? A. Approving. B. Negative. C. Indifferent. D. Critical. 12. Which of the following words may best describe the Gen Z-era? A. Confident and independent. B. Visionary and responsible. C. Persistent and down-to-earth. D. Active and creative. 【答案】9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章指出年轻一代一般不被看好，但是 Generation Z 不一样，他们在日常生 活中展示了他们明智，务实，远见，和社会责任感。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章中的 young people have mostly been considered as idle and difficult. But when it comes to Generation Z - those born between 1996 and 2010 - this stereotype doesn't seem to apply anymore.（年轻人大多被认为是游手好闲，难以相处的，但是当谈到 Zgeneration 时， 这种不好的印象不再适应他们了），可知，this stereotype 指的就是上句中提到的年轻人懒散， 不容易相处的性格特点。C. The traditional poor impressions on the youth.（传统上对年轻人不好 的映像）符合题意。故选 C 项。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 In Japan, for example, Gen Z-ers are less likely to buy on impulse, but take into consideration more a product's true value.（举例来说，在日本 Gen Z-ers 在购物时没 有那么冲动，而是更多考虑产品的真正价值）可知，Gen Z-ers 在购物时很理智。D. The Gen Z-ers are wise when shopping（Gen Z-ers 在购物时很明智）符合以上说法。故选 D 项。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段的 Despite their young age, this group is pragmatic and actively planning for their future," D.Steve Boland, "They have a clear vision how they are willing to help themselves in order to make it happen.（史蒂夫兰博说：“尽管他们很年轻但是他们是务实的，积 极规划自己的将来，他们有一个清晰的愿景，那就是为了实现目标他们愿意帮助自己”）可知， 史蒂夫兰博对于 Gen Z-ers 的态度是赞赏的。故选 A 项。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段的 They have a clear vision how they are willing to help themselves in order to make it happen.（他们有一个清晰的愿景，那就是为了实现目标他们愿意帮助自己） 和 Social issues are also at the center of concern of Gen Z-ers, who take themselves as a changing force of the world.（社会问题也是 Gen Z-ers 一代关注的中心，他们认为自己是改变世界的力量） 可知，Gen Z-ers 有远见和社会责任感。B. Visionary and responsible.（有远见和责任感）符合 以上说法。故选 B 项。 Self-driving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than human-driven cars. But so far， most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair. Crash statistics for human-driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations， and on all types of roads. However， most of the data on self-driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways， where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead. Automated cars are good at those tasks， but so are humans. It is true that self-driving cars don't get tired，angry，frustrated or drunk. But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver. Nor do they possess the foresight to avoid potential perils. They largely drive from moment to moment， rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road. To a self-driving car， a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited corn field. Indeed， deciding what action to take in an emergency is difficult for humans， but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others. An automated system’s limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate(评估) a situation the same way a human would. And machines can't be programmed in advance to handle every imaginable set of events. Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars. But experience from aviation(航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced， there is often an increase in the rate of disasters. Therefore comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully. To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety， it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison. After all，choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a one-for-one exchange. 13. What makes the comparison between self-driving cars and human-driven cars unfair? A. Self-driving cars never get tired. B. Statistics are collected differently. C. Machines can make decisions faster. D. Self-driving cars know the world better. 14. What does the underlined word “perils” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Dangers. B. Self-driving cars. C. Pedestrians. D. Human-driven cars. 15. In which aspect can self-driving cars beat human-driven cars? A. Driving steadily. B. Climbing steep slopes. C. Evaluating the cost of loss. D. Making complex decisions. 16. Why does the author write this text? A. To support human-driven cars. B To show his doubt about self-driving cars. C. To call for exact evaluation of self-driving cars. D. To stress the importance of reducing car accidents. 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. A 16. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。不同的数据记录方式使得人为驾驶和自动驾驶的比较是不公平的，人类和 自动化车辆之间的比较必须谨慎进行。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 Crash statistics for human-driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations， and on all types of roads. However， most of the data on self-driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways.可知，人为驾驶的车祸统计数据来自 于各种驾驶情况和在各种类型的道路上。然而，大多数关于自动驾驶汽车安全性的数据经常 是在好天气和在高速公路上行驶的情况下记录的，因此统计数据的收集方式不同。故选 B 项。 【14 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据后文 They largely drive from moment to moment，rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road.可知，自动驾驶车辆不会提前考虑可能发生的事件。这说 明所以它们不会避免潜在的危险（danger），故选 A 项。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句 It is true that self-driving cars don't get tired， angry， frustrated or drunk.可知，自动驾驶汽车不会感到疲倦、愤怒、沮丧或喝醉，所以会比人类平稳。故选 A 项。 【16 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Therefore comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully. To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety ， it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison.可知，作者认为人类和自动化车辆之间的比较必须谨慎进行。要评估无人驾驶汽车 在履行承诺改进安全方面表现的如何，确保提供的数据可以提供一个真正的比较是很重要的。 所以作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁对自动驾驶汽车进行准确的评估。故选 C 项。 Empathy (同理心)is one of those strange qualities—something almost everyone wants, but few know how to truly give or receive it. In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them. What Is Empathy?— Many people confuse sympathy and empathy, but they are two distinct values. Empathy is not just the ability to understand someone's feelings; criminals often take advantage of people by appearing to understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust. Empathy is more than that. Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person. It means treating others with kindness, dignity, and understanding. Kids Need To See Adults Show Empathy—While some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts, in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them. It begins with the way parents relate to their children. Parents who show an interest in the things that matter to their kids and respond to emotions in a positive and caring way are teaching the skill of empathy. Meet Emotional Needs—When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive. An empty jug cannot fill a cup. It's a good idea to talk to kids about emotions and how other people experience them. Give their emotions names (for example, jealousy, anger, and love) and teach them that these are normal. Talk to them about how to handle emotions in a positive way and point out situations where other people are experiencing emotions. Teach them about respecting the emotions of others and show them how to act in a situation where a response is required. 17. Why is it that the next generation are taught to have empathy? A. Because people tend to center themselves. B. Because everyone lacks empathy. C. Because empathy is a strange quality. D. Because it's better to give than to receive. 18. Which situation can empathy be used in? A. When a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland. B. When a teacher is comforting a student about his failure in exams. C. When a criminal is cheating a victim. D. When a dancer is dancing to music. 19. What does the underlined sentence "An empty jug cannot fill a cup" mean? A. An empty jug is too small to hold a cup. B. It's a must to talk to kids about emotions. C. Adults should set an example to kids. D. Kids give empathy with their emotional needs met first. 20. What is the main topic of the passage? A. How to train kids to have empathy. B. How to distinguish sympathy and empathy. C. How to help kids finish empathy-related tasks. D. Whether kids can be trained to be more empathetic. 【答案】17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在一个强调自我满足的世界里，我们更有理由教导下一代， 对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。同时说明了同理心的含义，以及如何培养孩子的同理心。 【17 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.（在一个强调自我满足的世界里，它供不应求。因此，我们更有 理由教导下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么）可知，下一代人被教导要有同理心， 因为人们往往以自己为中心。故选 A。 【18 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中 While some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts, in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them.（虽然有些孩子天生就有一颗善良的 心，但在大多数情况下，孩子们需要看到他们周围成年人的同情心）可知，B 选项“当老师安 慰学生考试不及格时”符合同理心使用的情况。故选 B。 【19 题详解】 词义猜测题。结合上文 Meet Emotional Needs—When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive.（满足情感需求——当孩子们的情感需求得到满足时，会发生两件 事。他们学习如何满足他人的情感需求，他们被锚定在他们所接受的东西上，这意味着当需 求出现时，他们有足够的安全感去给予他人，但首先他们需要接受）可知，要想孩子们有同 理心，必须首先满足他们自己的情感需求。故 D 选项符合划线句子的含义。故选 D。 【20 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句 This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.（ 因此，我们更有理由教导下一代，对周围的 人抱有同理心意味着什么）以及文章主要内容为如何教导孩子拥有同理心客栈，故 A 选项“如 何培养孩子的同理心”符合文章主题。故选 A。 A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong? Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight. The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point. Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱）to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength. The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don’t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all. 21. From the studies in the passage we learn that . A. people have unlimited self-control B. high motivation ensures one’s success C. willpower is hardly completely exhausted D. too many temptations often lead to failure 22. The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means . A. make use of B. run out of C. build D. increase 23. The author compares self –control to muscles . A. to prove the long-term effect of willpower B. to show the significance of regular exercise C. to argue that self-control can he easily used up D. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control 24. To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer? A. “I will give up dessert and do exercise.” B. “I will set three goals this new semester.” C. “I will read an English novel every month.” D. “I will keep myself from any temptation.” 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇议论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良 好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。 【21 题详解】 细节推理题。根据第三段 Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.可知， 研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以 从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故 C 选项正确。 【22 题详解】 猜测词义题。由第三段“The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利 用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过 上下文的语境，判断出“tap into”指利用，与 make use of 同义。故 A 选项正确。 【23 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段 While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们 会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个 道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的 好处。故 D 选项正确。 【24 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.可知，作者认为一个 接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自 己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以 C 项“I will read an English novel every month.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故 C 选 项正确。 【点睛】根据事物的定义或者对事物总体的概括，从而判断出哪些具体事物或者具体的实践 应该属于定义的范围或者是概括的范围是我们经常见到的推理判断题的题型。要解决这样的 判断题，首先要讲对事物的定义或者对事物的总体概括要读清楚，然后根据对比 4 个选项， 哪个选项在定义或者概括范围内的。哪个就是正确的答案。 由倒数第二段 Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目 标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终 健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。C 项“I will read an English novel every month.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故小题 4 的正确选项为 C 选项。 We are surrounded by messages trying to get our attention. Advertisers, politicians and other groups all try to get us to agree with them. ___25___ Propaganda is not always a bad thing, but it often hides the truth about a topic. Its very similar to advertising, whose goal is to get people to buy something, while propaganda is to change what people believe. Propaganda Techniques To create propaganda, a common technique is name-calling. A politician might call someone a traitor or liar, which makes the other person look bad. Another is the trend technique. People want to be on the side in the favor. ___26___， Some propaganda is based on fear. It scares people into choosing a certain side or taking action, which might not be bad. Anti—smoking campaigns are one example. They may scare people into thinking that if they smoke, they will get cancer. ___27___ Propaganda is used by many groups, such as businesses, politicians and the government .It is spread through posters, television and radio. The Internet makes it easy to send messages to the whole world. Types of Propaganda Political propaganda has been around as long as there have been politicians ___28___People have used it for many years. War propaganda began during World War I, more than 100 years ago. To see if propaganda is saying the truth, people need to do extra work. For example, ads might always sound like they're true. But before you believe them, try to think about who created and paid for them. Find out why they did it. ___29___ A. Propaganda Targets B. Propaganda Mediums C. Another word for this is propaganda D. So most people will agree with those politicians E. Then, you can decide if they're being honest or not F. However, religious propaganda was actually the first official one G. People might join someone who claims to be popular or winning 【答案】25. C 26. G 27. B 28. F 29. E 【解析】 本文为说明文，主要介绍了宣传的作用，手段，传播媒介以及种类。 【25 题详解】 根据下文 Propaganda is not always a bad thing, but it often hides the truth about a topic.可知，此处 应出现 Propaganda，由此可知生活中的信息欲引起人们的广泛关注；广告商、政客和其它群体 试图让人们同意他们的观点，都离不开宣传造势，C 选项，这种现象还有一个名称叫做宣传， 该句引出了主题，切题，故选 C。 【26 题详解】 根据本段可知，主要的宣传手段有:贴标签、从众宣传以及引发恐惧等，G 选项，人们都想加 入受欢迎或者获胜的人，该句为从众宣传的具体表现，切题，故选 G。 【27 题详解】 第三段主要介绍宣传的传播途径，主要通过海报、电视、广播以及互联网，故选 B。 【28 题详解】 第四段主要介绍宣传的三种主要类别:政治宣传、宗教宣传和战争宣传， F 选项，宗教宣传实 际上就是第一类宣传，很早就被人们使用，切题，故选 F。 【29 题详解】 根据前一句 Find out why they did it.通过了解宣传者的意图和目的，才能知晓宣传的真实性， 故选 E。 Choosing a major is a very important thing in our life. However, it can be extremely challenging. So it’s necessary to learn some simple tips that much easier. ___30___. And how does that choice affect your future career? We can help guide you in choosing a major. Your major is your primary field of study in your undergraduate (大学的）program. It is the subject in which you earn your bachelor’s degree. After completing a list of general education courses, you spend the rest of the time studying one subject of your choice. ___31___. For many students, it's best to try out different classes to figure out a major you’ll like, but you need to have a couple of solid choices. ___32___, you should begin taking courses you are required to complete before graduation, so it will decrease your chances of needing to switch majors later because you already know what to expect. ___33___, you should begin thinking about how your field will lead to a job as soon as possible.Consider clubs, research programs and part-time jobs related to potential career choices for your major. For more career-specific majors like nursing and engineering, the majority of your studies will include skills that can be used in a future job. ___34___. The sooner you begin working in a lab, on research projects or helping as a teaching assistant for a professor, the better you'll be able to figure out your career. A. You have to think of ways to choose a major B. Be sure that you choose a major that suits your interests C. Once you have a better idea of which major you like best D. While your major may or may not lead directly to a career E. Do some research to find out which majors can help you get that job F Roughly one-third to one-half of your courses will be related to your major G. However, you should still consider doing activities outside of the classroom to better prepare you 【答案】30. A 31. F 32. C 33. D 34. G 【解析】 这是一篇选句填空。文章针对如何选取专业，给出了一些实用性的建议。 【30 题详解】 根 据 上 文 的 So it’s necessary to learn some simple tips that will make your decision much easier.(因此，有必要学习一些简单的技巧，让你的决定更容易)和下文的 And how does that choice affect your future career?(这个选择对你未来的职业有什么影响？)可知，A 项：You have to think of ways to choose a major(你必须想办法选择专业)承上启下，故选 A。 【31 题详解】 根据上文的 After completing a list of general education courses, you spend the rest of the time studying one subject of your choice.可知，完成公共课程后，你把剩下的时间花在学习你选择的 一个科目上。此处是关于学习的课程，由此可推断出，F 项 Roughly one-third to one-half of your courses will be related to your major(大约三分之一到一半的课程与你的专业相关)符合本段文 意。故选 F。 【32 题详解】 根据下文的 you should begin taking courses you are required to complete before graduation, so it will decrease your chances of needing to switch majors later because you already know what to expect.可知，你应该开始学习毕业前必须完成的课程，这样会减少你以后换专业的机会，因为 你已经知道该期待什么了。，由此可推断出 C 项：Once you have a better idea of which major you like best(一旦你对你最喜欢的专业有了更好的了解)与下文衔接。故选 C。 【33 题详解】 本段主要讲了你应该开始思考你的领域将如何尽快找到一份工作，考虑与你专业的潜在职业 选择相关兼职工作。由此可知，作为本段的首句（主旨句），应涵盖本段的主要内容，因此 D 项 While your major may or may not lead directly to a career(而你的专业可能直接或间接导致你 的职业生涯)符合本段文意。故选 D。 【34 题详解】 根据上文提到对于一些专业，你的大部分学习将包括在未来工作中可以使用的技能。再结合 下文说：你越早开始在实验室工作，做研究项目，或帮助教授做助教，你就越能更好地规划 自己的职业生涯。由此可知，G 项：However, you should still consider doing activities outside of the classroom to better prepare you(然而，你仍然应该考虑课外活动，以更好地为你做准备)衔 接上下文，故选 G。 One of my earliest memories was watching my mom talking on our old phone. I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasn't actually in the room with her. ___35___I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn't see. ___36___Later, we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room. Then came computers and smart phones. These days I can send an e-mail around the world in a second. My daughter's smart phone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts. She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as "the cloud", where she can take it out at any time. It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before. ___37___Few take time to talk face to face. Instead of looking into eyes of our beloved ones, we stare at our screens. It seems as if the most connected generation is also the loneliest. Don't let technology take our time and ruin our life. Make the time to meet and to communicate with each other. Take a walk on the beach with a friend. Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on. ___38___ Remember that we are here to love each other, help each other and make this world a better place. ___39___But when it can't, turn it off. A. That was a long time ago. B. Connect offline as well as online. C. We should communicate with each other with phones off. D Smart phones have both advantages and disadvantages. E. When your technology can help to do these things, then use it. F. However, what bothers me is that we rarely associate with each other nowadays. G. When she left the room, I slowly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while. 【答案】35. G 36. A 37. F 38. B 39. E 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。在这篇文章中作者描述了通信工具的变化, 指出人们现在很少见面交流, 并 建议人们合理利用科技，创造更美好的生活。 【35 题详解】 根据上文中的" I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasn't actually in the room with her" 可知，可知，“我”对于她能和一个不在房间里的人聊天这件事很着迷。G 项“当她离 开房间的时候，我慢慢地走到电话边盯着电话看了一会儿”承接上文，引出下文。故选 G。 【36 题详解】 根据下文中的“Later，we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room. Then came computers and smart phones”可知，后来，我们有了移动手机，然后电脑和智能电话出现了，因 此推断老式电话的使用已经是很久以前的事情了，故选 A。 【37 题详解】 根据下文中的”Few take time to talk face to face. Instead of looking into eyes of our beloved ones, we 8tare at our screens. It seems as if the most connected generation is also the loneliest'’可知，很少 有人面对面交谈，我们只是盯着屏幕，似乎联系最多的一代也是最孤独的一代，因此 F 项“然 而，让我烦恼的是，如今我们很少彼此联系”引出下文，符合语境。故选 F。 【38 题详解】 根据上文 Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on.可知，要放下手机与朋友 交流，也就是说要经常面对面地交流，就像在线交流一样。故选 B。 【39 题详解】 根据上文中的”Remember that we are here to love each other, help each other and make this World a better place”和下文”But when it can't，tum it off‘‘可知，记住我们要彼此相爱，相互帮助，让 世界成为更美好的地方。当科技可以帮助做这些事情的时候，就使用它，当它不能的时候， 就关掉它。E 项与下文在结构和意义上相对应。故选 E。 【点睛】阅读理解之七选五解题方法 一、 总体方法 先确定出题的位置；读题干，再读需要填入句子的上下句，画出关键词；读文章各段落，确 定段落中心句和文章主题句；通读文章确定上下句和选项之间的逻辑关系。 二、根据出题位置的不同，说说各自不同的解题方法。 1、出题位置设在段首 1）查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。 2）锁定关键词，然后在并列、转折、因果等选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一 句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。 2、出题位置在段落中 比较上下文的关键词来锁定答案 阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，阅读五个空白的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即 关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组），专有 名词、时间数字、代词、连词等；阅读各个选项，尤其是选项的首句，标记关键词；比较并 匹配上述两类关键词，确定答案；将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺。 3、出题位置在段尾 这个时候，空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，大家要重点阅读以锁定关键词。 1） 要注意在选项中查找表示结果的、结论、总结等的关键词，如：therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, in a word 等，另外大家也要知道，选项中也可以发现前文的同义词语。 2）如果与前文是转折或对比关系。大家就要注意在选项中寻找表示转折对比的关联词，同时 注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立对比关系。 3）如果所选答案是引出下一段的内容 在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读 下一段开头几句，看看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 如小题 4，可根据上文 Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on.可知，要放 下手机与朋友交流，也就是说要经常面对面地交流，就像在线交流一样。故选 B。 第二节语法填空(共两篇，每篇共 10 题, 每小题 1.5 分, 满分 30 分) 语法填空 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) isn't ___40___ ( wide ) supported by most Westerners. ___41___, this is starting to change. TCM will be included in the new version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which ___42___(bring) out by the WHO in the near future. This is the ___43___(one) time for TCM to be included in the ICD, serving as the international standard for diseases and health conditions. China has been making efforts ___44___(promote) TCM overseas. Twenty-six TCM centers were set up overseas over the past three years, according to a report ___45___(publish) by Xinhua News Agency. In 2015, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou ___46___(win) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of a drug that can cure malaria(疟疾). She said she was inspired by traditional Chinese medicine. The inclusion of TCM in the ICD is a mainstream acceptance that will have significant influence around the world. TCM has seen some growth in other countries for all these years. It is reported ___47___ a number of famous foreign people use it. For example, during the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics, US ___48___ (swim) Michael Phelps was seen using cupping. Cupping is a traditional Chinese medical practice which has been around ___49___ more than 2,000 years. 【答案】40. widely 41. However 42. will be brought 43. first 44. to promote 45. published 46. won 47. that 48. swimmer 49. for 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。中医并不为大多数西方人所认可。然而，这一切正开始有所改变。中医 将被纳入世界卫生组织出版的国际疾病分类(ICD)，这表明中医获得了主流的认可，将对全球 产生重大影响，有助于中医发展。 【40 题详解】 考查副词。句意：中医并没有得到大多数西方人的广泛支持。空处作状语修饰谓语动词，故 要用所给词的副词形式。wide 的副词形式有两种：wide 和 widely，前者表示“充分张开地”， 后者表示“广泛地”，表示抽象意义。根据语境可知要用 widely。故填 widely。 【41 题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，这一切正开始改变。上下文之间是转折关系，且空后有逗号，注意： 空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填 However。 【42 题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语“in the near future”和上文的 will be 可知，此处也要 用一般将来时；又 bring out 与主语是被动关系，此处表示“被出版”，故要用一般将来时的 被动语态。注意 bring 的过去分词形式。故填 will be brought。 【43 题详解】 考查序数词。句意：这是中医首次作为疾病与健康状况的国际标准被纳入国际疾病分类。此 处表示“第一次”，故用序数词。故填 first。 【44 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国一直努力向海外推广中医。分析句子结构可知，此处要用动词 不定式作目的状语。故填 to promote。 【45 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：据新华社报道，在过去的三年中，中国在海外建立了 26 家中医中心。 空处作后置定语修饰 report，report 与 publish 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语动作已经完 成，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成。故填 published。 【46 题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：2015 年，中国科学家屠呦呦因发现能够治愈疟疾的药物而被授予诺 贝尔生理学或医学奖。由时间状语“In 2015”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 won。 【47 题详解】 考查主语从句的连接词。句意：据报道，很多外国名人都用中医。分析句子结构可知，本句 是“It is reported that ... ”句型，表示“据报道……”，其中 It 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是 真正的主语。故填 that。 【48 题详解】 考查名词。句意：比如，2016 年里约夏季奥运会期间，有人发现美国游泳运动员迈克尔·菲尔 普斯使用火罐。空处表示“游泳运动员”，且空前有限定词，应该用名词 swimmer，根据句意 用单数。故填 swimmer。 【49 题详解】 考查介词。句意：火罐是一种在中国有两千多年历史的传统中医疗法。根据语境可知，此处 应用 for 与时间段连用，该时间状语常与现在完成时连用。故填 for。 语法填空 Paper cutting was recognized as our national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. According to experts, paper cutting conveys the culture shared between China ___50___ foreign countries to wish for family reunions and maintain links with loved ones, alive or dead. In the movie Coco, for instance, the 12-year-old Miguel and his family dance and sing to celebrate a ___51___(tradition) festival in Mexico, when colorful paper cuttings are hung on the street. Chinese people also cut images of small figures ___52___ (commemorate) their family who have passed away. The difference is that most Chinese paper cuttings are red, while those in other countries ___53___(be) often made in many other colors. The fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut ___54___(character), such as princesses, out of paper while ___55___(tell) stories to children. In China, female friends and family members used to chat and make paper cuttings together. “___56___ the patterns and colors may be different, paper cuttings share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people,” says Yang Huizi, ___57___ art teacher at Beijing Union University. Yang ___58___(study) and performed the art for over a decade. Besides routine university courses, she also organizes nonprofit paper cutting activities ___59___ are open to the public in Beijing to promote basic knowledge of paper cutting. 【答案】50. and 51. traditional 52. to commemorate 53. are 54. characters 55. telling 56. Though/While/Although 57. an 58. has studied 59. that/which 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国家非物质文化遗产剪纸及其意义。 【50 题详解】 考查连词。between ...and ...是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”，符合语境，故填 and。 【51 题详解】 考查形容词。修饰名词一般用形容词，所以用形容词 traditional 修饰名词 festival，在句子中作 定语。故填 traditional。 【52 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是不定式作目的状语，故填 to commemorate。 【53 题详解】 考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知， make 和主语 those 构成被动关系，应用被动语态，即 be＋done 的形式，且主语为复数，故填 are。 【54 题详解】 考查名词单复数。character 是可数名词，根据空后的“such as princesses”可知，此处表示复 数概念，故填 characters。 【55 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，while 后接非谓语动词，作状语，该句主语“Hans Christian Andersen”和动词tell之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用tell的现在分词形式telling。 故填 telling。 【56 题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管图案和颜色可能不同，剪纸在人与人之间享有同样的保持情感联系的 功能。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的让步关系，意为“尽管”。故填 Though/While/Although。 【57 题详解】 考查冠词。“art teacher”是可数名词，第一次在语境中出现，是 Yang Huizi 的同位语，故用 不定冠词修饰，且 art 的发音以元音音素开头，故填 an。 【58 题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“for over a decade”可知，本句用现在完成时，且主 语为第三人称单数，故填 has studied。 【59 题详解】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 nonprofit paper cutting activities，在从句中作主语，指物，所以用 that/which 来引导该定语从句。故填 that/which。