【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之二学案（14页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之二学案（14页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之二 ‎【1】‎ Cavalier King Charles Spaniel This dog is very __1__ (access) and likes getting close to everyone it meets. This kind of dog is so cute that even though it might have never seen you __2__， if it sees you sitting down and looking lovely, it will jump onto your lap and show you __3__ (kind). These dogs are not the right choice if you are looking for a watchdog, but if you want an honest companion, you need look no __4__ (far). If you accept them as a part of your family, they will provide you with love and affection.‎ But besides being loving, they are also very playful and like chasing other small animals, so __5__ (keep) them on a chain when going for a walk would be a smart thing to do. If their personality doesn't make your heart __6__ (melt), their beautiful eyes __7__， and when you see the warmth in them you will feel the urge to pet them — and that is exactly __8__ they want. This dog is a longterm commitment, and your life could __9__ (enrich) by its company if you are ready __10__ that.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了骑士查理王犬的个性及特征。‎ ‎1．accessible　系动词后接形容词作表语，accessible意为“易接近的”。‎ ‎2．before　根据语境可知，此处指的是“即使它之前从未见过你”，故要用before, before与完成时连用。‎ ‎3．kindness　show后接双宾语，且you为间接宾语，故用名词kindness作直接宾语。‎ ‎4．further/farther　由语境可知，此处指“你不需要再找了”，应用副词比较级。‎ ‎5．keeping　分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词作主语，故填keeping。‎ ‎6．melt　此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，heart与melt之间是主动关系，故用省略to的不定式作宾补。注意：melt表示“态度软下来，变得温和有同情心”时，是不及物动词。‎ ‎7．will　if引导的条件状语从句用了一般现在时表将来，故主句用一般将来时。注意：will后的make your heart melt承前省略。‎ ‎8．what　分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填what。‎ ‎9．be enriched　句子的主语your life与enrich之间为被动关系，再根据could可知，该空填be enriched。‎ ‎10．for　此处是be ready for“为……做好准备”的搭配，故填介词for。‎ ‎【2】‎ As is known to us, the year 2016 has one extra day in it — February 29th. This is because it's __1__ we call “a leap year”. Every four years, the year has 366 days in __2__ instead of 365.‎ It is called a leap year because hundreds of years ago in England, the extra day wasn't __3__ (legal) recognized. There is a wellknown tradition in the UK __4__ (associate) with February 29th, introduced many centuries ago. Women are allowed to break with tradition and propose (求婚) to their boyfriends on this day. This all started back in the __5__ (five) century, when a famous Irish saint made a __6__ (complain) that women had to wait too long for men to propose. According to the legend, Saint Patrick said any female dreaming of a proposal could ask her boyfriend to marry her on this additional day in February. This socalled tradition __7__ (write) in law in the thirteenth century. Scotland passed a law allowing women to propose to men in a leap year. It was said that if the men refused, they had to pay a fine!‎ Now in 2016, there are calls __8__ February 29th to become a public holiday. Some people believe that it should be an __9__ (office) day off, because no one gets __10__ (many) payments for working an extra day in a leap year. For the moment though, the British still have to go to work on this day.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了与闰年二月二十九日相关的事宜。‎ ‎1．what　句意：这是因为今年是我们称为的“闰年”。表语从句中call缺少宾语，故填what。‎ ‎2．it　本处代指the year，作介词in的宾语，故用人称代词的宾格形式it。‎ ‎3．legally　修饰动词应用副词legally。‎ ‎4．associated　在英国有个有名的传统和二月二十九日有关。be associated with ...“与……有联系，与……有关”。本处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎5．fifth　in the fifth century“在五世纪”；定冠词the后加序数词。‎ ‎6．complaint　不定冠词a后加名词。‎ ‎7．was written　这项所谓的传统在13世纪被写入法律。tradition与write之间为动宾关系，且tradition为单数，此处描述的是过去的情况，故填was written。‎ ‎8．for　(大家)呼吁2月29日成为公众假日。call在此为名词，call for ...表示“对于……的呼吁”。‎ ‎9．official　“官方的节假日”，应用形容词作定语修饰名词。‎ ‎10．more　因为没有人会因为多干这一天获得更多的报酬。根据语境可知，本处应用比较级。‎ ‎【3】‎ On learning As we all know, learning is a process of gaining knowledge. Learning is one's own business, __1__ cannot rely on others. It is one's lifelong task, which cannot __2__ (finish) in one move.‎ A successful learner is an __3__ (independence) one, who has __4__ a determined will and amazing patience. He will try to discover his own way of learning. Instead of waiting for the help of his teachers and friends, he will make efforts __5__ (create) favorable conditions on his own strong spirit. It will certainly be __6__ great help, if there is a good environment, enough books and __7__ (equip), as well as instructions from his teachers and friends.‎ Even if one has got all these favorable conditions, one cannot be sure to succeed in learning. So the most important factor in learning __8__ (lie) in one's own effort.‎ To learn is rather __9__ hardworking and persevering business. Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such hardships. Persistent efforts can make up for a lack of talent and __10__ (able) one to get a great deal of progress in learning.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了如何做一个成功的学习者。‎ ‎1．which　本处为非限制性定语从句。关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物，应用which。‎ ‎2．be finished　句意：它是终生的任务，不能一次被完成。由finish和task之间是逻辑上的动宾关系可知，应用被动语态；结合cannot可知，应填be finished。‎ ‎3．independent　本处应用形容词作定语，故填independent。‎ ‎4．both　句意：成功的学习者既有坚定的意志，又有惊人的耐心。both ... and ...“既……又……”。‎ ‎5．to create　make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，是固定短语。‎ ‎6．of　根据固定结构“be of help＝be helpful”可知，此处填介词of。‎ ‎7．equipment　本处and连接两个并列的名词。故填equip的名词形式equipment。‎ ‎8．‎ lies　根据上下文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；结合主语factor可知，应用第三人称单数形式lies。‎ ‎9．a　句意：学习是一件需要勤奋和坚持不懈的事情。business当“事情”讲时，通常用单数，此处表泛指，故应用不定冠词；hard working的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。‎ ‎10．enable　句意：坚持不懈的努力能够弥补天赋的缺乏，使人能够在学习方面取得很大的进步。本处and连接两个动作make up和enable。‎ ‎【4】‎ I had an __1__ (interest) experience playing pingpong last year. I was playing against a fine opponent. When the score was 20 to 20, I placed my bat on the table, __2__ (thank) my opponent and began to walk away. She called me back and said we had to continue __3__ one of us won.‎ ‎“Look，” I said, “if we continue, either you or I will win. If you win __4__ (easy), I will begin to doubt my skill. If I win, you will be unhappy. Isn't it __5__ (good) to know that we both played well, that we enjoyed the competition, and that we played to an equal score？” This was a surprising ending for my opponent and for the persons __6__ (watch) this contest. It made sense to me to leave with a tie game, an impasse (僵局): no winner, no loser!‎ Our present technology makes __7__ possible for nations to destroy other nations. In such a nuclear time there can be no winners, only losers. Under these __8__ (condition), the only choice __9__ (avoid) global destruction is a global impasse. We cannot destroy this beautiful planet by holding on to __10__ old understanding of victory. The only victory is in achieving a satisfying impasse. No one wins, but no one loses, either.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了作者的一次乒乓球比赛的经历。当对方要求一定要分出胜负时，作者却觉得平局对双方都好。‎ ‎1．interesting　此处需要用形容词修饰名词experience。interesting“有趣的”。‎ ‎2．thanked　句中三个动词place, thank和begin为并列谓语，都是发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．until/till　根据句意可知，她叫我回来说我们应该一直打到有人赢为止。‎ ‎4．easily　修饰动词win，需用副词。‎ ‎5．better　此处是将平局和有胜负作比较，应该用比较级。‎ ‎6．watching　persons和watch之间为主谓关系，故用动词ing形式。watching this contest作定语，修饰the persons。‎ ‎7．it　it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to destroy other nations。‎ ‎8．conditions　由these可知此处需要用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎9．to avoid　choice, determination, decision, effort, right等名词后的定语常用动词不定式。‎ ‎10．an　an understanding of sth.意为“对某物的了解”，且old的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎【5】‎ What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces __1__ people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can __2__ (free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, it's all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by __3__ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six __4__ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.‎ Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts __5__ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen __6__ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. __7__ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make __8__ easier for residents to skate around. The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and __9__ (grownup). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building __10__ (call) the Black Diamond.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一——哥本哈根。‎ ‎1．where　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为open ‎ spaces，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。‎ ‎2．freely　修饰动词短语“socialize and express their ideas”，应用副词freely。‎ ‎3．the　根据语境可知，此处表特指。‎ ‎4．healthiest　此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，应用形容词最高级。‎ ‎5．for　步行占交通总量的80%。account for“占(一定数量或比例)”，是固定短语。‎ ‎6．are carried　work trips与carry out之间存在动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；根据文章的整体时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空处应填are carried。‎ ‎7．When/As　当开始上冻的时候，一些城市广场就变成了巨大的溜冰场。When/As“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎8．it　本处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to skate around。‎ ‎9．grownups 　本处and连接两个并列的名词kids和grownups。‎ ‎10．called　call与被修饰的名词building之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎【6】‎ There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is __1__ there are seven times more trees than we __2__ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a __3__ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. That's a three __4__ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable __5__ (change) anything.‎ What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet __6__ half. A good example of this is __7__ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are __8__ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “__9__ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort __10__ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了地球上树木的现有量。‎ ‎1．that　分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，故用that。‎ ‎2．thought　这里说的是“比我们原本以为的……”，故要用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．calculation　根据空前的“a”可知此处要用名词形式。‎ ‎4．followed　follow与three之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎5．to change　be (un)able to do sth.意为“(不)能做某事”，是常用表达。‎ ‎6．in　in half意为“减半”。‎ ‎7．the　根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指fact。‎ ‎8．‎ responsible　根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be responsible for“对……负责”是固定搭配，故填responsible。‎ ‎9．extremely　根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词higher，应用副词形式。‎ ‎10．is needed/will be needed　这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语effort与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。“how much more effort”的谓语应用单数，故应填is needed。此处也可理解为表示将来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。‎ ‎【7】‎ Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China, __1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou __2__ (be) the woman who uses the plant's special power to save millions of lives. The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.‎ On October 5, Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan. Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__ (receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.‎ Tu was modest about receiving the award: “It's a success for the whole research team.” She also thinks __4__ is scientists' duty to fight for the health of all humans.‎ When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn't have advanced equipment back then. Tu used to test ‎ __6__ (medicine) by eating them herself. Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2,000 traditional recipes.‎ Once Tu __8__ (return) home after traveling for six months. Her little daughter didn't recognize her and hid from the “strange woman”. To do research, Tu also had to move around a lot.‎ Finally, Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素)in sweet wormwood in 1971. She spent the next decades __9__ (try) to improve the medicine. According to World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world, and about half a million die each year. Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.‎ Tu never complains about how hard she works. “I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients，” she said.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素，从而挽救了数百万人的生命。‎ ‎1．but　空前语境为：青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物；空后语境为：它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。根据空处前后语境可以判断，两句为转折关系，故用转折连词but。‎ ‎2．is　根据该句中的“who uses the plant's special power”可知，该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为Tu Youyou，故填is。‎ ‎3．to receive　根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断，该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。‎ ‎4．it　分析该句结构可知，动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans 作真正的主语，it 作形式主语。‎ ‎5．that/which　分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为medicine，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎6．medicines　根据该句中的them可以判断，空处应用复数形式。‎ ‎7．by/on/at/in　by hand意为“用手”；on hand, at hand, in hand意为“在手头”。根据语境可知这四个介词都对。‎ ‎8．returned　根据下句的“Her little daughter didn't recognize her”可知，这里陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．trying　spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填trying。‎ ‎10．from　suffer from 为固定搭配，意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。‎ ‎【8】‎ For more than six million American children, coming home after school means __1__(come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside. __2__ all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They __3__ (call) latchkey children — they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.‎ A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks ‎ with keys __4__(attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, __5__ he slowly learned were house keys.‎ He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having __6__ their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own __7__(safe)．‎ The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed __8__ in a closet. The second is TV. They'll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents don't realize __9__(it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact __10__ they leave their children alone.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了美国“挂钥匙儿童”这一社会问题。‎ ‎1．coming　mean to do sth.“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.“意味着”。根据语境可知，此处表示放学回家意味着回到一个空房子，故填coming。‎ ‎2．But　根据语境可知，一些孩子看电视，一些在外面闲逛。空后又说“have something in common”，故填转折连词But。‎ ‎3．are called　主语They与call之间构成动宾关系，且根据“they are”可知，该句为一般现在时态，应填are called。‎ ‎4．attached　此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，attach与keys之间是动宾关系，故填attached。‎ ‎5．which　分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先行词为keys，指物，故填which。‎ ‎6．on　have influence on sb.“对某人有影响”，故填on。‎ ‎7．safety　根据句意可知，此处指很多孩子做噩梦并担心自己的安全，应用名词形式，故填safety。‎ ‎8．or　根据句意可知，此处指有可能藏在卫生间、床底下或壁橱里。表示选择，故填or。‎ ‎9．its　根据句意可知，此处表示电视对孩子的影响，故填its。‎ ‎10．that　根据句意可知，此处指大多数父母很迟缓地承认他们不管孩子这个事实；分析句子结构可知，这是同位语从句且不缺成分，故填that。‎ ‎【9】‎ At my workplace there aren't enough __1__(opportunity) to be different. We give care to others but sometimes we forget to care for __2__(we) and each other.‎ So, I print __3__(inspire) messages, happy pictures, etc, and post them on a blank space __4__ I've found in one of our rooms. I believe they add to our “emotional education”．‎ One person asked me, “Why do you try to help these people? They are not very nice？” My answer __5__(be), “If it affects one person then it's a good thing.” It doesn't matter whether it has an impact __6__ anyone else. What matters is that I'm the __7__(good) person I can be.‎ I know those __8__(print) stories and articles are read because they ‎ keep getting moved about. So, __9__(eventual), like sandpaper against a rough surface, __10__ surface will become smooth and the messages will get through. How long it takes really doesn't matter.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们关爱别人的同时，也不要忘记关爱自己。‎ ‎1．opportunities　根据空前的“there aren't”可知，there be句型中的主语应用复数形式。‎ ‎2．ourselves　但有时我们忘记了关心自己和互相关心。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，且主语和宾语表达相同的意思，故此处使用反身代词。‎ ‎3．inspiring　根据语境可知，所填词为定语，修饰messages，故用形容词inspiring“令人鼓舞的”。‎ ‎4．that/which　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a blank space，且在从句中作宾语，故用that/which。‎ ‎5．was　根据上文中的“One person asked me”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。‎ ‎6．on　此处是固定搭配have an impact on ...“对……有影响”。‎ ‎7．best　根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用最高级，故填best。‎ ‎8．printed　分析句子结构可知，空处在此作前置定语修饰stories and articles，且print与stories and articles之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故此处使用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎9‎ ‎．eventually　根据语境可知，此处应使用副词eventually作状语修饰整个句子。‎ ‎10．the　此处surface为特指，空处填the。‎ ‎【10】‎ Eileen Taylor had something sweet on her mind in the drivethrough line at Heav'nly Donuts. Just the day before, a stranger ahead of her in line had __1__(generous) paid for her coffee. “The good deed made such __2__ big difference in my day，” says Eileen. She had recently lost her job as a physician's __3__ (assist), and money was tight. But Eileen __4__(inspire) to pay the $12 bill of the family in the car behind hers. __5__she didn't know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction. In two and a half hours, fiftyfive drivers paid for the order of the person behind __6__(they). The doughnut shop's employees __7__ (see) this before. This Heav'nly Donuts, in fact, is known as a special place, the customers of __8__ are considered as “the best in the world”. But, even so, the workers were __9__ (amaze) that the shop had more than doubled its previous record by the end of the day.‎ Now __10__ (work) as a chemist, Eileen visits Heav'nly Donuts every Saturday morning, picking up a coffee and paying for the order of the customer behind her.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Eileen在经济困窘之际，陌生顾客帮她付单的行为产生了连锁反应，很多人效仿这一行为。‎ ‎1．generously　空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．a　make a difference意为“起作用”，是固定短语。‎ ‎3．assistant　此处指“作为一个医生的助手”，故用名词assistant。‎ ‎4．was inspired　本处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；Eileen与inspire之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；结合主语Eileen可知，填was inspired。‎ ‎5．What　句意：她不知道的是她的善行引起了连锁反应。主语从句中know缺少宾语，故用what引导主语从句。‎ ‎6．them　空处作介词behind的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式them。‎ ‎7．had seen　根据语境并结合时间状语before可知，此处指的是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎8．which　先行词place在后面的非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。‎ ‎9．amazed　主语为workers，指人，应用amazed。‎ ‎10．working　分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，因为work与句子主语Eileen之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。‎