北京市石景山区2020届高三英语统一测试试题（解析版）

北京市石景山区2020届高三英语统一测试试题（解析版）

2020 年石景山区高三统一测试 英语试题 本试卷共 10 页，120 分。考试时长 100 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在 试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I gave a dress to my granddaughter Anne for her birthday. With a pause at the dress, she smiled lovingly at me and ___1___ (tell) me it was beautiful. I was happy that she liked it. One day, passing Anne’s bedroom, I heard her talking___2___the phone. “My grandma gave me this very pink dress,” she said. “I really appreciate it, but who wears pink these days?” I stood there in awkward silence. Then I walked away, ___3___ (pretend) not to have heard anything. 【答案】1. told 2. on 3. pretending 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者送给她孙女一件粉色裙子后，她孙女假装喜欢。但却又在电话上 抱怨说现在还有谁会穿粉色裙子。 【1 题详解】 考查时态。句意：看到那件衣服她停顿了一下，亲切地对我笑了笑，说那衣服很漂亮。并列 连词 and 到 me 这个句中除了 tell 外，无其余动词。故这空格要填时态。又因为 tell 和逻辑主 语之间表示主动，且整篇整体时态为一般过去时。故填 told。 【2 题详解】 考查介词。句意：一天，我经过安妮的卧室，听见她在打电话。 on the phone 为“在打电话”。 是固定短语。故填 on。 【3 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我走开了，假装没有听到什么。分析句子，pretend 所处的分句 无主语，故填非谓语。又因 pretend 和逻辑主语 I 之间表示主动。故填 pretending。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The World Health Organization has said the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) does not spread as ___4___ (effective) as flu. As the WHO gathers more data, the organization understands more about the novel coronavirus, ___5___ causes more severe disease than seasonal flu. At the moment, there is no specific treatment for the new virus. Globally, about 3.4 percent of people with reported COVID-19 cases have died. In comparison, seasonal flu generally kills far ___6___ (few) than 1 percent of those infected (感染). 【答案】4. effectively 5. which 6. fewer 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述 WHO 对新冠肺炎的认识以及新冠肺炎和普通流感的不同。 【4 题详解】 考查副词。句意：世界卫生组织表示，新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的传播不像流感那样有效。 分析句子，effective（有效的）是形容词。不能修饰动词 spread 。要用副词修饰动词 spread。 故填 effectively。 【5 题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：随着世卫组织收集的数据越来越多，该组织对新型冠状病毒 的了解也越来越多，这种病毒比季节性流感更能引发严重的疾病。分析句子，划线部分充当 了主语，故此处填引导词。划线前面有“逗号”说明后面的从句为非限制性定语从句。在非 限中，先行词（the novel coronavirus）指物。故填 which。 【6 题详解】 考查比较级。句意：相比之下，季节性流感通常导致不到 1%的感染者死亡。分析句子，划线 后面的 than 是形容词或副词比较级的提示词。故填 fewer。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As we live in social groups, there ___7___ (be) many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser, and more ___8___ (satisfy) humans. It should be pointed that ___9___ (enjoy) the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. So friends should be carefully chosen ____10____ relationships should be well developed. 【答案】7. are 8. satisfied 9. enjoying 10. and 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章告诉了我们亲密友情的特征，以及亲密友情的作用。 【7 题详解】 考查主谓一致。句意：由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。分析句 子，there be 译为“某处有某物”。be 动词的确定根据“就近原则”。此处 be 后面的名词 “benefits”用了名词的复数。故 be 也用复数。又因文章时态是一般现在时。故填 are。 【8 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通过友谊，我们可以成为更快乐，更聪明，更满足的人。分析句子，此 处需将 satisfy 改为形容词修饰后面的名词 humans。故填 satisfied。 【9 题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：需要指出的是，享受一群人的陪伴并不等同于和朋友在一起。分析句子， 从句部分无主语，故该处需填非谓语动词。又因此处需做主语。非谓语动词中的动名词可做 主语，且表示主动。故填 enjoying。 【10 题详解】 考查连词。句意：所以应该慎重选择朋友，应该培养良好的朋友关系。分析句子，此处需填 入连词，连接划线前后的句子。分析句意，此处应填“并且”之意的连词。故填 and。 第二节 完形填空 (共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Deep Roots When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any___11___ I’d ever known. Every time I saw him, he wore ___12___ and a straw hat. I remember him as someone who was a lot ___13___ than most of the adults in our community. When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t ___14___ lives, he was planting trees. His house sat on ten acres, and his life’s goal was to make it a ___15___. The good doctor had some ___16___ theories concerning plant care and growth. He ___17___watered his new trees, which flew in the face of conventional ___18___. Once I asked why. He said that watering plants spoiled (宠坏) them so that each ___19___ would grow weaker and weaker. So you have to make things ___20___ for them and weed out the weaker trees early on. He talked about how watering trees made for ___21___ roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in ___22___ of water. I took him to mean that deep roots were to be treasured. He planted an oak and, instead of watering it every morning, he ___23___ it with a rolled-up newspaper. Smack! Slap! Pow! I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree’s ___24___. Dr. Gibbs passed away a couple of years after I left home. Every now and again, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I’d ___25___ him plant some twenty-five years ago. They’re extremely tall, big and strong since they have deep roots now. However, the trees in my garden swung in a cold wind although I had ___26___ them for several years. It seems that ___27___ benefit these trees in ways comfort and ease never could. I stood there deep in thought. Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. I stand over them and watch their little bodies, the ___28___ and falling of life within. I often pray for them. Mostly I pray that their lives will be ___29___. But I think that it’s time to ___30___ my prayer because now I know my children are going to encounter hardship. 11. A. gardener B. farmer C. doctor D. professor 12. A. uniform B. overcoat C. suit D. dress 13. A. nicer B. tender C. richer D. stronger 14. A. encouraging B. discovering C. saving D. protecting 15. A. landmark B. castle C. yard D. forest 16. A. interesting B. embarrassing C. puzzling D. expecting 17. A. usually B. never C. sometimes D. always 18. A. labour B. dignity C. habit D. wisdom 19. A. generation B. structure C. resource D. pressure 20. A. sensitive B. particular C. rough D. positive 21. A. shallow B. intensive C. muddy D. flexible 22. A. search B. charge C. case D. control 23. A. cover B. beat C. push D. clean 24. A. permission B. admiration C. expectation D. attention 25. A. heard B. helped C. made D. watched 26. A. planted B. watered C. burdened D. firmed 27. A. surroundings B. sufferings C. suggestions D. opportunities 28. A. marking B. sharing C. sailing D. rising 29. A. brave B. successful C. easy D. confident 30. A. observe B. reveal C. change D. mind 【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者的邻居种树的经理高阿奴我们对于成长来说有时候困 难时必须的。 【11 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他跟我所知道的任何医生都不一样。A. gardener 园丁；B. farmer 农民；C. doctor医生；D. professor专家。结合下文第三段开头句“The good doctor”，可知Dr. Gibbs 是一位医生。故 C 选项切题。 【12 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次我见到他的时候，他都穿着大衣带着草帽。A. uniform 制服； B. overcoat 大衣；C. suit 套装；D. dress 连衣裙。下文中提到“a straw hat”译为草帽，可知 Dr. Gibbs 穿着比较随意。故 B 项切题。 【13 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我记得他是因为他比我们小区里的其他成年人要更友善。A. nicer 更友善；B. tender 温柔的；C. richer 更富有；D. stronger 更强壮。结合下文第三段开头句“The good doctor”中使用 good 对其性格进行修饰，及后文中对作者提出的问题有耐心的解答，推 测出作者认为 Dr. Gibbs 是比较友善的。故 A 选项切题。 【14 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当 Dr. Gibbs 不再挽救生命时，他种起了树。A. encouraging 鼓励； B. discovering 发现；C. saving 挽救；D. protecting 保护。结合语境可知 Dr. Gibbs 的职业是个 医生，医生的职责为挽救生命。故 C 选项切题。 【15 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的房子占地有十英尺，他的人生目标是将它变成一片森林。A. landmark 地标；B. castle 城堡； C. yard 庭院；D. forest 森林。结合前文可知，Dr. Gibbs 不再 治病救人而是种树，推出他想把它的院子变成森林。故 D 选项切题。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于种植养护和生长方面，这个友善的医生有一些有趣的想法。 A. interesting 有趣的；B. embarrassing 难堪；C. puzzling 困惑；D. expecting 期盼。根据下文第 三段中提到“He ___7___watered his new trees”和“He said that watering plants spoiled (宠坏) them”（Dr. Gibbs 从不给他新种的树浇水，他认为浇水会宠坏这些树），推出他的这些想法非 常的有趣。故 A 选项切题。 【17 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他从不给他的新树浇水，这与常理相违背。A. usually 经常；B. never 从不；C. sometimes 有时；D. always 总是。根据下句“He said that watering plants spoiled (宠坏) them so that each ___9___ would grow weaker and weaker.”可知他认为浇水会宠坏这些树，所以 他不给新树浇水。故 B 选项切题。 【18 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从不给他的新树浇水，这与常理相违背。A. labour 劳力；B. dignity 庄重；C. habit 习惯；D. wisdom 智慧。本句中 conventional wisdom 译为传统观点，结合题意， 故 D 选项切题。 【19 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为浇水会宠坏这些新树，如果浇水，每一颗成活的树的后代 会变得越来越娇弱。A. generation 一代、一辈；B. structure 结构；C. resource 资源；D. pressure 压力。根据语境可知，此处的 generation 表示不断长出的新树。故 A 选项切题。 【20 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此你必须让它们在艰难的环境中生存，然后淘汰那些较为弱 小的。A. sensitive 体贴的； B. particular 尤其的，特别的；C. rough 困苦的，艰难的； D. positive 积极的。结合上下文语境，Dr. Gibbs 从不给他新种的树浇水，可知他让他的那些树在比较艰 难的环境中生长。故 C 选项切题。 【21 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他谈到浇水的树的根生长较浅，不浇水的树必须深深扎根以寻 求水源。A. shallow 浅的；B. intensive 密集的；C. muddy 多泥的；D. flexible 灵活的。该句前 后形成对比，后半句谈到了不浇水的树根深，可知前面谈到浇水的树根浅。故 A 选项切题。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词性辨析。句意：他谈到浇水的树的根生长较浅，不浇水的树的根，因为寻求水源 长得深。A. search 寻找、搜寻；B. charge 收费、指控；C. case 事例；D. control 控制。本句中 in search of 构成固定搭配短语译为“寻找，寻求”。故 A 选项切题。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他种了一棵橡树，每天早上他不浇水，而是用卷成筒的报纸来敲 打他。A. cover 覆盖；B. beat 敲打；C. push 推；D. clean 打扫。结合下文中出现“Smack! Slap! Pow!”三个动词可知，Dr. Gibbs 是在击打树。故 B 选项切题。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我问他为什么这么做，他说这是为了引起树的注意。A. permission 准许、许可；B. admiration 钦佩、赞赏；C. expectation 预期、预料；D. attention 关注。该句中 get one’s attention 为固定搭配译为“吸引某人的注意”。故 D 选项切题。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：时不时我走过他的房子，看那些树，这些树是 25 年前我看着他种 植的。A. heard 听说；B. helped 帮助；C. made 制造；D. watched 观看。结合上下文语境，可 知作为他的邻居我是看着 Dr. Gibbs 亲手种植这些树。故 D 选项切题。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管几年来我一直给树浇水，但是在我院子里的这些树却 弱不禁风。A. planted 种植；B. watered 浇水；C. burdened 负担；D. firmed 强壮。结合上文提 到“They’re extremely tall, big and strong since they have deep roots now.”（Dr. Gibbs 种植的树 长得强壮并且树根深）和“However”（然而，表转折）后内容表述，可知我种植树的方法和 Dr. Gibbs 不同，我是给树浇水的，导致树是弱不禁风。故 B 选项切题。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎磨难在很多方面对这些树是益处的，舒适和安逸是不会。A. surroundings 环境；B. sufferings 痛苦、磨难；C. suggestions 建议；D. opportunities 机会。结合 本句，前后句意形成对比，可知与 comfort and ease 反义单词为 sufferings，故 B 选项切题。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我俯视着他们幼小的身体，体内的气息一起一落。A. marking 做记 号；B. sharing 分享；C. sailing 航行；D. rising 上升。该句表达作者的两个孩子睡觉时的状态， 即呼吸一起一落。故 D 选项切题。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大部分的时候，我都祈祷他们的生活将是轻松的。A. brave 勇气； B. successful 成功；C. easy 轻松、容易；D. confident 自信的。结合下文“But I think that it’s time to ___20___ my prayer because now I know my children are going to encounter hardship.”（但是 我认为是时候改变我的祈祷，因为我知道现在该是我的孩子去遭遇艰难的时刻），可推出，我 之前一直在祈祷我孩子们生活的顺利。故 C 选项切题。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我认为是时候改变我的祈祷，因为我知道现在该是我的孩子 去遭遇艰难的时刻。A. observe 观察；B. reveal 揭示、显示；C. change 改变；D. mind 介意。 结合上下文语境可知我现在不在祈祷孩子们一帆风顺，而是让他们去面对生活中的困难，所 以我的想法发生了改变。故 C 选项切题。 【点睛】完形填空主要是考查学生对英语的综合运用能力。其解题技巧之一，就是要结合上 下文语境推出最佳答案。在做题过程中要注意“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。如第 1 小题 中对 Dr. Gibbs 职业的猜测，从第三段的第一句“The good doctor”可知他是一个医生，故选 C 项。第 3 小题中对 Dr. Gibbs 性格的推测，结合上下文语境可知他是一个很友善的大人，故选 A 项。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Stories Behind Famous Company Names Inventor Caleb Bradham had originally wanted to be a doctor but started working in a pharmacy when he returned home to North Carolina. In 1893, he made up what he first called “Brad’s Drink,” a mix of water, sugar, caramel, lemon oil, nutmeg, and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi. This luxury car maker combined elements from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701. Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick. Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity. The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was looking to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches. He settled on Rolex in 1908. 31. Which company name has a close relationship with literature? A. Pepsi B. Cadillac C. Starbucks D. Rolex 32. Which of the following statements is True? A. Caleb Bradham aimed to cure dyspepsia with Pepsi. B. Hans Wilsdorf intended Rolex to be universally accepted. C. Cadillac was named after the founding father of the company. D. Starbucks was used due to the co-founder’s love for his hometown. 33. From the passage, we can learn that . A. a famous company name is easy to spell B. a special story can make a company famous C. a company name usually has a special meaning in it D. a company name is related to the founder’s profession 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. C 【解析】 这是说明文。文章主要介绍了 4 所著名公司名字背后的故事。 【31 题详解】 细节理解题。由 Starbucks 介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”可知，那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维 尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副 Starbuck。由此可见 Starbuck 的名字和文学作品有关。结 合选项可知，选项 C 正确。 【32 题详解】 细节理解题。由 Rolex 介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”可知，他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言 表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，Hans Wilsdorf 想要的名字应该是让人容 易说，不同语言也可以表示它 ，这样人们才能广泛地接受。结合选项可知，选项 B 正确。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。由全文内容可知，Pepsi 介绍中的最后一句“He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.”，表示的是 他声称这款饮料能帮助消化或者消化不良，从这个术语 Bradham 改编了这个名字 Pepsi。 Cadillac 介绍中的最后一句“The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.”表示的是这个公司是以法国探险 家 Antonie Laumet De La Mothe Cadillac 命名的，这位探险家在 1701 年发现了底特律市。 Starbucks 介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”表示的是那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作 《白鲸记》中的第一个大副 Starbuck。Rolex 介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”表示的是他想要一个容易 说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，四家公司的名字都有 它的故事和意义，所以公司的名字通常有一个特殊的意义。结合选项可知，选项 C 正确。 B When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships. Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Cold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 8-month-old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand—a library is more than books; it’s a community. Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first email address in 1997. At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled (咯咯笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library, offered me my first teaching job. I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually (虚拟地) visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them. 34. Why does the author consider herself lucky today? A. She can walk with her mother hand in hand. B. She has access to a reliable car now. C. She can giggle loudly at the library. D. She lives close to libraries. 35. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to . A. socializing in a library B. reading books in a library C. visiting a library with family members D. building parent-child friendship in a library 36. What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries? A. Sympathetic. B. Favorable. C. Sceptical. D. Disapproving. 37. The author writes the passage mainly to . A. recall the days of childhood in the libraries B. discuss the differences of the libraries C. explain the changes of the libraries D. express her love for libraries 【答案】34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。作者通过陈诉自己的经历，表达出对图书馆的热爱。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第 2 段 Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Cold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library 可知，作者住的地方离两 家图书馆都很近。故选 D 项。 【35 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据 that 前面的内容可知，作者和他儿子每周都会去几趟图书馆，在那里和朋 友见面以及交朋友。在 that 后的文章中，作者觉得图书馆不仅仅是书的地方而且还是个社区。 综合分析，that 指代在图书馆社交。故选 A 项。 【36 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对学生们通过手机查看图书馆里头的书籍表示惊讶。 且最后表示，尽管他们不能总是轻松地访问当地的图书馆，但图书馆总是与他们同在。综合 分析，作者对学生访问图书馆的方式持支持态度。故选 B 项。 【37 题详解】 推理判断题。分析全文，文章一开始回忆了作者小时候常和她的母亲经常去图书馆以及读大 学期间在图书馆的一些体验。同时，作者认为她很幸运因为图书馆离家很近。且在作者看来， 图书馆不仅仅是书。这是一个社区。通篇都在表达作者对图书馆的爱。故选 D 项。 C In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass tomb. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline—ancient cats that had been mummified and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep.” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer (肥料). One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England. Those were the days of generously funded (资助的) explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get treasure. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized. In the century since then, archaeology (考古学) has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that. “They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After looking beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection—a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.” 38. The underlined word “peddled” in Paragraph 1 probably means . A. examined B. displayed C. replaced D. shared 39. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Treasure hunting explorations. B. Egyptian Royal tombs in desert. C. Mummified animals in museums. D. Big archaeological discoveries. 40. From the last paragraph, we can learn that Salima Ikram . A. wishes to keep the continuity of pets over history B. wants to identify the King’s personal belongings and classify them C. believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past D. doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains 41. The passage probably encourages the readers to . A. make full use of the remains the ancestors left behind B. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of the ancestors C. pay more attention to the historical and cultural value of ancient remains D. understand there are more the historical remains waiting for explorations 【答案】38. B 39. A 40. C 41. C 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。考古学家们认为考古学已不再是一种寻宝活动，而更像是一门科学。通 过研究古代人的遗迹，可以了解他们的日常生活。考古是连接现代人和很久以前的人的之间 的桥梁。 【38 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词后的部分“…to tourists for change” 可知，村里的孩子们把最好的猫 的木乃伊给游客以换取零钱；因此可以推测，“peddle”意思为“兜售”，即向他人展示从而售 出。故选 B 项。 【39 题详解】 主 旨 大 意 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 首 句 “Those were the days of generously funded ( 资 助 的 ) explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the museums of Europe and America.” 那一段时间，人们花大 价钱寻宝。人们跨越沙漠探险，为了寻找皇家皇陵，寻找华丽的黄金面具来装饰欧洲和美洲 的博物馆。因此可以推断，第二段主要讲述古代人们寻宝探险。故选 A 项。 【40 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 she created a gallery for the collection—a bridge between people today and those of long ago. 以及最后一句 And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.可知埃及古物学家 Salima Ikram 把她的收 藏品创建了一个画廊，她认为这个画廊是一座连接今天的人和很久以前的人的之间桥梁。这 些收藏品让人们感觉古代人的生活离我们很近。因此可以推断，她认为研究这些遗迹有助于 把现代社会和过去联系在一起。故选 C 项。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中 archaeology (考古学) has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science.”和第四段中 They’re really displays of daily life 以及下文内容可知，考古学家们认为考 古更多的是一门科学；木乃伊是古埃及人日常生活的展示。研究这些遗骸是了解他们的途径， 有助于在现代社会与过去之间建立一座桥梁。因此这篇文章可能鼓励读者要重视古代遗迹的 历史文化价值。故选 C 项。 D What do we mean by responsibility? To put it simply, it is a duty to consider the consequences of our actions. In other words, we have a duty to control our behaviour. When we are children, we have few responsibilities. Our parents look after us and we generally don’t have to worry about food or shelter. As we grow up, we gradually need to be responsible for more and more things. We learn how to run our own baths, make our own decisions, and realize that we have moral duties. As adults, we are responsible for all aspects of our lives. If there are any problems, we have to handle them ourselves. We also have responsibilities that go beyond ourselves. Parents have the responsibility to look after their children, ensuring that they have a stable upbringing. Beyond the family, people have a responsibility towards the community as a whole. It is in fact up to us as a society to make this world a safe and pleasant place for everyone. When we fail in our responsibilities, the consequences are most serious. Teenagers who abandon their studies might ruin their own lives. It is even more horrible to hear about parents who, by not caring for their own children properly, are putting them in danger. Likewise, by not following the traffic rules, careless drivers kill more than a million people around the world every year. Certain professions in our society, such as police officers, exist to protect the public, and the people who do these jobs often risk their own lives in order to do their duty. However, their efforts depend on the support of ordinary people. If we ignore our own responsibilities, society will become dangerous. On a global level, our entire human civilization may be heading towards disaster unless we work together to save our environment. Furthermore, whether we are shouldering heavy responsibilities, like doctors or lots, or simply taking responsibility for our own learning as students, we will always be judged on how well we perform our duties. For this reason, the hardest part of acting responsibly is admitting that we failed or that we made a mistake. Let’s say you visit your friend’s house and accidentally damage an expensive teapot while your friend is in another room. The honest thing to do is of course to admit your fault and apologize. Because this requires courage, some people take another route: they pretend that nothing happened. Perhaps a broken teapot might not be such a big deal, but in any given situation, we can choose to act responsibly, and it is somewhat through this choice that we decide what our lives are going to be like. To summarize, responsibilities are an essential part of life since our actions have consequences. Responsibilities aren’t fun, but we can make the burden lighter by sharing them. If everyone considered how their actions would affect themselves and other people, the world would be a better place. 42. The passage tells us that . A. children have no responsibilities B. adults often risk their own lives in order to do their duty C. our responsible actions would make the world a better place D. responsibilities aren’t fun unless we can make the burden lighter by sharing them 43. According to the author, the hardest part of taking responsibility is . A. to control our behaviour B. to handle problems ourselves C. to affect ourselves and other people D. to admit our fault and apologize 44. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Consequence of Responsibility B. Significance of Responsibility C. Essential Part of Responsibility D. Development of Responsibility 45. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage? I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion A. B. C. D. 【答案】42. C 43. D 44. B 45. A 【解析】 本文为一篇议论文。文章介绍了什么是责任，我们要承担责任，世界才会变得更加美好。 【42 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段 If everyone considered how their actions would affect themselves and other people, the world would be a better place. 如果每个人都考虑到自己的行为会对自己和他 人产生怎样的影响，那么世界将会变得更加美好。及结合全文可知，这篇文章告诉我们，我 们负责任的行为将使世界变得更美好。故选 C 项。 【43 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段 For this reason, the hardest part of acting responsibly is admitting that we failed or that we made a mistake. 因此，承担责任最困难的部分是承认我们失败或犯了错误。因 此作者认为，承担责任最困难的部分是承认自己的错误和道歉。故选 D 项。 【44 题详解】 主旨大意题。结合全文，文章介绍了什么是责任，我们要怎样承担责任。B 项 Significance of Responsibility“责任的重要性”符合文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选 B 项。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。分析全文，文章第一段简要介绍了责任是什么，是简要分析。第二段介绍了我 们从不需要承担什么责任到开始承担各种各样的责任，是第一个要点。第三段介绍了承担责 任使得家庭，社会更美好，是第二个要点。第四段从相反的角度介绍了不负责任的后果，是 第二个要点的第二个次要点。第五段介绍了负责任最困难的行为，是第三个要点。最后一段 总结全文，承担责任必不可少，只有承担责任世界才会更加美好，是总结。分析选项可知，A 项正确。故选 A 项。 第二节（共５小题；每小题２分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How Smartphone Adds to Your Weight Using a smartphone at mealtimes can lead to an expanding waistline. Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. ____46____ The groundbreaking study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract (分心) dinners from how much food and what they are actually eating. “It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone. The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food — ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate — until they were satisfied. ____47____ On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile. Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. ____48____ “Smartphone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake,” said Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimoa, a lead author of the study — carried out at the Federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands. He added: “Tablets and smartphones have become the main ‘distracters’ during meals, even early in childhood. ____49____A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food accepted.”____50____ A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal. A. They also eat more fatty food. B. They also ate more when reading a magazine. C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain. D The study is published in Physiology And Behavior. E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes. F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day. G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine. 【答案】46. A 47. G 48. B 49. E 50. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍用餐期间使用手机会使人们分心，让大脑无法正确判断摄取的 食物量，从而导致人们摄入更多的卡路里，增加体重。 【46 题详解】 由 上 一 句 “Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating.”可知，研究者已经发现男人和女人吃饭的时候看着手机， 会摄入 15%更多的卡路里。选项 A“They also eat more fatty food.”表示的是他们也吃更多的 油腻食物，they 指代的是上一句“men and women”，eat 和上一句的“consumed”相呼应， more fatty food 和上一句的“15% more calories”相呼应，选项 A 符合语境。故选 A。 【47 题详解】 由后一句“On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile.”可知，平均下来，没有使用手机分心的志愿者摄入 535 卡路里，单 数当使用手机的时候，摄入 591 卡路里。选项 G“They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.”表示的是他们被按照没有分散物，使用手机或者读 杂志进行记录食物摄入情况，“no distractions”和后一句的“without the distraction of a smartphone”相呼应，“using a smartphone”和后一句的“when using a mobile”相呼应，选项 G 符合语境。故选 G。 【48 题详解】 由前一句“When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods.”可知，当专有他们的手机时候，这些志愿者也会摄入 10%更多的油腻食物。选项 B“They also ate more when reading a magazine.”表示的是当读杂志的时候，他们也会吃的更 多。They 指代的前一句“the volunteers”，also ate more 和前一句的“also consumed 10 percent more”相呼应，when reading a magazine 和前一句的“When in possession of their mobiles”结 构相呼应，选项 B 符合语境。故选 B。 【49 题详解】 由后一句“A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food accepted. ” 可知，一个干扰物会阻止大脑正确地理解所摄取的食物数量。表示的是干扰物为什么会让人 摄取更多食物。选项 E“It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.”表 示的是：关注这个干扰物可能是如何地影响食物摄取是非常重要的，由此可见，后一句是对 选项 E 的解释说明。故选 E。 【50 题详解】 由后一句“A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.”可知，一个更详细的分析可以 在该杂志看到。选项 D“The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.”表示的是这个研究 在《生理学与行为》杂志上发表。后一句中的“the journal”指代的是选项 D 中的“Physiology And Behavior”。后一句的“can be found”和选项 D 中的“is published”相呼应，后一句的“A more detailed analysis”是对选项 D 中的“The study”具体说明，选项 D 符合语境。故选 D。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节（15 分） 51.假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的美国朋友 Jim 写了一封信，告诉你他开发了一个 App， 这个软件可以用来共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法。请你给 Jim 回信，内容包括： 1. 你的态度; 2. 理由。 注意：1．词数不少于 50； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I am very glad to know that you have come up with the novel idea. Personally speaking, I am willing to share my clothes on your app as it feels like I am emotionally connecting someone in my clothes. In turn, I also can try others’ new clothes. We can wear different types of clothes without actually spending any money. Anyway, sharing clothes is a creative way to make full use of them and benefits others as well as myself. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封回信：假如你是红星中学高三学生李华， 你的美国朋友 Jim 写了一封信，告诉你他开发了一个 App，这个软件可以用来共享衣服，想要 征集大家的看法。请你给 Jim 回信，内容包括：1. 你的态度；2. 理由。时态应为一般现在时。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； share（共享），novel（新奇的），emotionally （感情上），connect（联系）， spend（花费），benefit（使受益）及 creative（创造性的）等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持卷面的整洁美观。 【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式， 高级词汇有 come up with（想出），personally speaking（就我个人而言），be willing to do(愿意 做……)，make full use of（充分利用），as well as（也、和）以及 in turn（反过来），而且还使 用了状语从句“Personally speaking, I am willing to share my clothes on your app as it feels like I am emotionally connecting someone in my clothes.”，宾语从句“I am very glad to know that you have come up with the novel idea.”，非谓语动词“We can wear different types of clothes without actually spending any money.”及“Anyway, sharing clothes is a creative way to make full use of them and benefits others as well as myself.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。 第二节 （20 分） 52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述 你与同学参与“红十字急救培训”活动的全过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：救护员证 first aider certificate ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 【答案】Last week, I took part in the Red Cross first aid training. At the beginning, we assembled in the school hall to listen to the importance and basic steps of first aid. After realizing how important first aid is, we couldn’t wait to learn more. After a short grouping, we were led to a classroom where a trainer demonstrated the detailed procedure. We watched closely as he showed every move. Then came the test for first aid. Although I was nervous, I managed to carry out all the moves taught. To my excitement, I was issued a first aider certificate. I held the certificate with pride and thought that I could help more people in need with the knowledge of first aid. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于图画作文。要求学生写一篇英文周记，记述你与同学参与“红十字急救培 训”活动的全过程。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：记叙文。 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。 结构：总分法。 要求： 1.记述你与同学参与“红十字急救培训”活动的全过程 2.词数不少于 60。 第二步：列提纲（重点短语） took part in；how important first aid is；demonstrated the detailed procedure；managed to carry out all the moves taught. 第三步：连词成句 1.Last week, I took part in the Red Cross first aid training. 2.After realizing how important first aid is, we couldn’t wait to learn more. 3.After a short grouping, we were led to a classroom where a trainer demonstrated the detailed procedure. 4.Although I was nervous, I managed to carry out all the moves taught. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇 1.表示文章结构顺序：活动的时间；活动的内容；活动的地点；活动的意义 2. 表示并列补充关系：At the beginning；After；Then； 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如全部倒装：Then came the test for first aid.；非谓语动词：After realizing how important first aid is, we couldn’t wait to learn more；宾语 从句：I held the certificate with pride and thought that I could help more people in need with the knowledge of first aid 等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。