2020-2021学年高三英语语法一轮复习：情态动词

2020-2021学年高三英语语法一轮复习：情态动词

2020-2021学年高三英语语法一轮复习：情态动词 一、请在横线上填出相关的内容
 1. 名词性从句的引导词，连接代词 ________________________ ; 连接副词 ___________________________________, 无含义连接词 ________________。 2. 名词性从句的做题方法 __________________________________________。 二、单项选择 1. One mark of a successful man is ________ he can quickly focus on what’s important. A. why B. whether C. what D. that 2. Facebook is a place where you can share ________ is going on in your life with friends. A. how B. whether C. who D. what
 3. Mother often tells us never to put off ________ we can do today till tomorrow. A. where B. when C. what D. which
 4. ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which 5. Everyone makes mistakes, but the real test is ________ you react to that. A. how B. what C. that D. why
 6 ________ he worked out the problem in such a short time puzzled all of us. A. What B. Where C. When D. How
 7. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether
 三、 翻译句子 1. 我们开了一个班会讨论将要在艺术节表演什么。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 那天发生的事情将会永远印刻在我的脑海里。etch(铭刻) _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 最重要的事情是我们应该如何让农民工感觉我们就是他们的家人。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 妈妈跟爸爸说了好多关于我如何在她生病期间照顾她的事情。 _____________________________________________________________________ 第十一讲 情态动词 【总体把握】 基本义 + do + have done 难点 must / 必须做 表示偏要； 反义 needn't 不 必 shall should 将来意愿（第一人称）； 义务，命令（二三人称） 本应做而没做 shall 命令，威 胁；义务。 should 竟然 can could 可以，能够做 本能做而没做 may might 表示允许，委婉 可能已经 will would 意愿，会 本来会做 过去常常 表推测 + do + have done 易错点 must must 一定做 一定已做过 表强烈不可能 时，用 can’t 代 替 mustn't shall should 应该做 （按说）应该已做过 can could 可能做 可能做过 may might 也许做 也许做过 情态动词基本概念 1. 情态动词定义 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他 动词原形构成谓语。 例： We can be there on time tomorrow. May I have your name? Shall we begin now? You must obey the school rules. 2. 情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语 之前。 I can see you. Come here. How dare you treat us like that！ 3. 情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化。 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 He could be here soon. We can't carry the heavy box. I'm sorry I can't help you. 情态动词基本含义 1) must 必须 I must finish my work today. Something must be done to stop it. 【难点】反义 needn't 表示 ________ — Must I do this? — No, you needn't. 【答案】反义 needn't 表示不必 【难点】must 表示 ________ Why must it rain on Sunday? 【答案】must 表示偏要 2) shall 与 should （责任，义务，规定）应该 should 应该 shall 表将来时，should 是 shall 的过去式。 shall 请求许可，用于第一／第三人称疑问句中，表示请求许可。 You should do homework first. 【难点】should 表示 ________ It seems such a pity that a distinguished and honored name should be commercialized in such a manner. 【答案】should 表示竟然 Shall he come in or wait outside? Shall we begin right now? I shall be thirty next year. 【难点】shall 主语为第二或第三人称时，shall 表示________ 【答案】shall 表示命令，威胁。 You shall fail if you don't work harder. She shall be punished if he disobeys. 3) can 与 could 能够／可以 Nowadays, children can do what they like. It’s unfair. He can stay while I have to leave. 4）may 与 might 允许 You may leave whenever you please. He said that I might borrow his car. Might I borrow some money now. 5）will 与 would 意愿 will／would 决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。 will, would 用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 I'll do my best to catch up with them. I'll never do it again, that's the last time. He said he would help me. It's hot. Will you open the windows? Would you like some coffee？ 【难点】would 表示 ________ He would sit silent for hours. 【答案】would 表示过去常常。 【精讲精练】 1. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 【答案】C。根据句意：医生说锻炼对健康很重要，但是得下决心定期锻炼。这里 must 需要表示“肯定，必 须”。 2. According to the air traffic rules, you _____ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should 【答案】D。should 此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务，句意为：“根据飞行交规，你应该在登机前 关掉手机”。 3. — Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should 【答案】C。can 能,可以；might 可能；should 应该，不符合题意；will 用于情态动词表示将,意愿，不符合 题意。句意：－我能借你的字典吗? －可以，当然可以 4. — You must be looking forward to your trip back to Sydney. — Yes. I______ wait any longer. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】A。can’t 不能；mustn’t 表示禁止；needn’t 不必；shouldn’t 不应该。句意表达的是迫不及待“can’t wait any longer” 5. John promised his doctor he ______ not smoke. And he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would 【答案】D。句意：约翰答应医生说他再也不抽烟里，此后他就再没有抽过烟。 would 情态动词表示意愿，would 为 will 的过去式，句中表示的即是过去时间的意愿。Might 表示可能性 比较小，could 表示能力，能够，should 表示应当，应该。 6. — can’t you stay a little longer? — It’s getting dark. I really ______ go now. My daughter is home alone. A. May B. can C. must D. dare 【答案】C。must 在此表示“必须，一定”。句意为：“你不能再多呆一会儿吗？” “天越来越黑了，我真的必 须要走了，我女儿还一个人在家” 情态动词推测含义 1. 情态动词＋do 对现在／将来的推测 （注：以下推测义的肯定度逐渐降低） 1）must 一定 After such a long walk, you must be tired. This pen can't be mine，because it is too short. 【难点】表强烈不可能时，用 ________ 代替 mustn't This pen ________ be mine，because it is too short. 【答案】表强烈不可能时，用 can't 代替 mustn't 2）should 应该 He should arrive soon The train should have already left. 3）can 与 could 可能 可用 can (表现在) 或 could (表过去)；could 较委婉，语气更弱。 Don`t eat it. It could be poisonous. The plane could be delayed by fog. 4) may 与 might 也许 He may / might not be at home. I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain. She might not come this afternoon. 【精讲精练】 1. Liza ______ well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may 【答案】D。句意：Liza 不喜欢去旅行，她讨厌旅行。从后句她讨厌旅行，由一个他人角度，推测 Liza 是 否真的想去旅行，可能性应该用最弱的 may. Will not 不会；can not 不可；must not 禁止，不允许，may not 也许不… 2. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 【答案】B。can 除了有“能”的意思之外 还可以表示推测，可能性。句意：在我的家乡,3 月通常天气温暖, 但是有时也可能真的很冷 3. You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 【答案】B。本题考查的是对现在情况的否定推测.表示对现在的肯定推测,常用 must be 来表示,表示对现在 的否定推测,常用 can’t be 来表示.句意：你不可能饿了…你两小时前才吃午饭呢! A 项表示“(过去)将来不”,C 项 mustn’t 表示禁止“不准”,D 项 needn’t 表示“不必,不需要” 4. — The traffic is heavy now, so Mike ______ come late. — Let’s wait ten more minutes. A. can B. need C. may D. shall 【答案】C。can 可能会；need 需要；may 也许；shall 将要。句意：— 现在交通拥挤，所以迈克有可能来 晚。— 让我们再等他十分钟。考查情态动词的用法。 can 表示推测时，多用于肯定句和疑问句。当用于肯定句时，指“有时可能会”，是理论上的可能，其时间意 义宽泛不具体。例如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. may / might 表示推测时，用于肯定句， 表示无把握的推测，意为“可能，或许”。 (might 比 may 更加不肯定，更无把握)。 5. — I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? — Don’t worry. He_____ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 【答案】D。考察情态动词，题干中的 he wasn’t certain 说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定， might not。must not 表示“禁止”need not 不必， would not 不会， might not 可能不，从句中的 he wasn’t certain“他不确定”说明只是可能不来。 6. — Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Emily? — It ______ be Emily. She has gone to Canada. A. must B. can’t C. needn’t D. may 【答案】B。句意：有人正在敲门。是安吗？联系下文，现在她正在剧院演出。 可知前文指的是不可能是她。can’t 不可能 2. 情态动词＋have done 对过去的推测 1）must have done 一定做过某事 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2）can't have done “不可能做过某事” Mr. Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 3）should have done 表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没有做”； shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该做某事，但事实上却做了” You should have got up earlier. You shouldn’t have told him about it. 4）could have done 本来能够做某事而没有做 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 5）may have done 可能已经”或“也许已经” — What has happened to George? — I don't know. He may have got lost. 6）might have done 对过去事情的推测，might 可能性更小 He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 7）would have done 本来会做 I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 【精讲精练】 1. Judging from his worried face, he knew that he _______ have had some trouble. A. would B. will C. need D. must 【答案】D. “从他焦虑的脸色来看” 表明迹象明显，“一定是有麻烦了” must 表示肯定的推测，题中给出的 语境是过去的时间和动作，所以用 must have had some trouble “他一定有麻烦了“ 2. Ella _______ at the car crash screen in New York last Sunday; she was travelling with me in Hawaii then. A. shouldn’t have appeared B. couldn’t have done C. wouldn’t have appeared D. might not have appeared 【答案】B。 “不可能做过” 表示对过去否定的推测，根据 she was travelling with me in Hawaii then，可知当 时他正在旅行，不可能出现在纽约的车祸现场。句意：艾拉上周日不可能出现在车祸现场，当时正跟我在 夏威夷旅行 3. — When I first got to Harvard, my awkward English brought me great trouble. — Oh, dear, it______ a struggle for you to keep up with other students. A. might be B. can be C. could have been D. must have been 【答案】D。 语境时态看出，需要对过去事实的猜测，而 could have done 表示本能做而未做的。句意： — 当我第一次到哈佛，我蹩脚的英语给我带来很多麻烦。 — 哦，那你要跟上其他同学一定很难。 4. — I have won the English Speech Contest and can have a trip to Beijing for free. — Congratulations! You______ worked very hard preparing for the contest. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have 【答案】C。根据上下文判断，设空处是对过去事情的推测，所以不选 A,B; should have done 表示本应做而 但没做，must have done 表示过去一定做了什么。句意：— 我在英语演讲比赛中获胜了，可以免费去北京 旅游。— 祝贺你！你一定很努力地准备了这场比赛。 5. The missing children haven’t been found yet. Something terrible ________ to them. A. may happen B. might have happened C. must happen D. should have happened 【答案】B。分析句意：失踪的孩子们还没被发现。他们可能遇到了不测。这里首先是过去的推测， 不选 A,C should have done 过去应该做某事而没做，不符合语境。might have done 表示可能做过某事，确定程度 较低，符合语境需求。 6. — I heard the phone ringing in the office next door. — You______ it. They haven’t got a phone yet. A. couldn’t hear B. couldn’t have heard C. didn’t hear D. wouldn’t have heard 【答案】B。 根据后句可知空处是否定对方的话，需要对过去的否定推测， couldn’t have done 表示 不可 能做过某事。句意：我听到隔壁办公室电话一直在响。你不可能听到的，他们还没有电话。 出门测 成绩_______ 一、选择题 1. — The screen of your phone is big. — I like big screens. I _____ type fast on it. A. must B. should C. can D. Might 2. — Make a turn at the corner. — ______ I make a right or a left? I’m terrible at directions. A. Must B. Could C. Should D. May 3. _______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long. A. Can B. Must C. Dare D. Should 4. — Are there still any English dictionaries in the school library? — I hear there _____ be a few copies left. A. may B. must C. can D. should 5. People around us ______ affect our thoughts and behaviors. A. must B. can C. should D. would 6. Fresh milk _____ in the fridge, or it will go bad. A. may keep B. may be kept C. must keep D. must be kept 7. Judging from his accent, he_______ be from Australia. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't 8. — The fire in the supermarket last night was terrible! — They______ have taken some measures to prevent it occurring. A. must B. will C. would D. should 9. — Daddy, how much do you earn an hour? — If you ______ know, $20 an hour. A. may B. must C. can D. should 10. You _____ have got better grades in the last examination, but you were so careless. A. must B. need C. could D. can 二、填空 表推测 中文意思 must should can may 一、单项选择 1. Cars play an important role in the modern life, but they ______ also cause many problems like air pollution. A. should B. can C. must D. will 2. According to the air traffic rules, you ______ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should 3. It ______ sound like a perfect destination, but it is really adventurous to go there. A. should B. must C. shall D. may 课后作业 4. — It’s so late. My son ______ be back! — Don’t worry. I dare say he ______ have some extra work to do. A. can; must B. will; might C. must; may D. should; must 5. Can you imagine that a diligent and bright boy ______ fail to pass the exam？ A. might B. should C. need D. would 6. You might as well tell the manager that male customers ________ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need 7. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party? — I’m not sure. I ______ go the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 8. In fact, you ______ have shown me to the station. I’m not a new comer. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 9. Oh, I’m feeling bad in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 10. — I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter. — It ______ be true because there was little snow there. A. may not B. won’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 11. — Is John coming by bus? — He should, but he ______ not. He likes riding his bike. A. must B. can C. need D. may 12. There is no light on; they ______ be at home. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 13. — The room is so dirty. ______we clean it? — OK. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Can 14. You ______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 15. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York. — Oh, did you? You ______ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 16. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you ______ hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; should 17. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 18. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not 19. Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 20. The big fire last night ______ the whole building. But the heavy rain helped it. A. might be burning down B. could have burned down C. should have been burning D. must have been burning 二、用情态动词及动词正确形式填空 1. — Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? — No, it ________ be him. I am sure he doesn’t wear glasses. 2. ––Tom graduated from college at a very young age. ––Oh, he ________ have been a very smart boy then. 3. — Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? — Sorry, I am not sure. But it________ be. 4. He ________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. 5. — Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. — Thanks. You ________（do）it. I could manage it myself. 6. He paid for a seat, however, he________ have entered free. 7. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? — Something ________ (happen) to him. 8. Helen ________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. 9. — May I smoke here? — If you________, choose a seat in the smoking section. 10. — What does the sign over there read? — “No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.” 参考答案 入门测 一、填空 1. what which who whom whose； how where when why whether if, that; 2. 判断是哪种从句；理解句意；分析从句成份，缺少主语、宾语、定语选择连接代词；句意成份完整选择 that; 缺少“是否”含义选择 ifwhether; 其他情况选择关系副词。 二、单项选择 1-7 DDC BADC 三、翻译句子 1. We hold a class meeting to discuss about what we would perform in the festival. 2. What happened on that day would be forever etched (铭刻) in my memories. 
 3. The most important thing is how we should make the migrant workers fell that we were their family. 4. My mother told my father a lot about how I looked after her when she was ill. 出门测 一、单项选择 1-5 CCAAB 6-10 DCDBC 二、填空 一定做，应该做，可能做，也许做 课后作业 一、单项选择 1-5 BDDCB 6-10 CDCDC 11-15 DABCA 16-20 BCAAB 二、用情态动词及动词正确形式填空 1. can’t 2. must 3. might/ may 4. must 5. needn’t have done/ didn’t have to do 6. could 7. must have happened 8. may/might 9. must 10. shall