【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题介词考点解读（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题介词考点解读（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 介词考点解读 高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。‎ ‎(一)语法填空常考点 ‎1．固定搭配中的介词 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.‎ ‎③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.‎ 介词＋名词 at＋名词 at sea, at work, at lunch, at risk, at table, at rest, at the same time ‎④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ ‎⑤(2015·广东高考)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.‎ ‎⑥(2015·湖北高考改编)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.‎ ‎⑦(2014·辽宁高考)OK. Don’t laugh at me. I may look funny.‎ ‎⑧(2015·陕西高考改编)The little pupil took his grandma by_the arm and walked her across the street.‎ ‎⑨(2015·重庆高考改编)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average.‎ (2016·济南一模)It’s obvious that the new manager is rich in experience.‎ ‎⑪(2016·福建四地六校联考)My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very particular about the food he eats.‎ in＋名词 in advance, in case, in charge, in common, in demand, in fact, in order, in progress, in return, in turn, in vain on＋名词 on purpose, on leave, on holiday, on strike, on sale, on guard, on foot, on time, on the contrary, on behalf ‎ of, on average under＋名词 under observation, under construction, under consideration, under repair out of＋名词 out of breath, out of balance, out of date, out of control, out of touch 形容词＋介词 形容词＋of be afraid of, be ashamed of, be aware of, be tired of, be sure of, be fond of, be proud of, be worthy of 形容词＋with be content with, be familiar with, be pleased with, be popular with, be strict with, be satisfied with ‎ 形容词＋in be rich in, be interested in, be successful in, be absorbed in 形容词＋‎ be polite to, be kind ‎ to to, be cruel to, be similar to, be familiar to 形容词＋for be famous for, be fit for, be eager for, be responsible for 形容词＋about be curious about, be particular about, be enthusiastic about, be anxious about 动词＋介词 动词＋about bring about, care about, come about, complain about, know about, think about, worry about ‎ 动词＋at arrive at, call at , glance at, glare at, knock at, laugh at, point at, shoot at, stare at ‎ 动词＋for account for, apply for, answer for, arrange for, call for, long for, go for, hope ‎ for, compete for, seek for, prepare for, wish for ‎2.常用介词 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.‎ ‎②(2014·陕西高考改编)The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.‎ with的主要含义：‎ ‎(1)(表示状态)具有，带有 ‎(2)(表示伴随)随着 ‎(3)(表示原因)由于，因为 ‎(4)(表示关系)和……起 ‎(5)(表示用途)用……‎ ‎③(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.‎ for的主要含义：‎ ‎(1)为了　(2)代表　(3)因为，由于　(4)赞成，支持 ‎(5)就……而言　(6)达(表示延续的时间)‎ ‎④(2014·北京高考改编)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.‎ in的主要含义：‎ ‎(1)在(某段时间)之后 ‎(2)穿着(表示状态或状况)‎ ‎(3)处于……中 ‎(4)(表示使用的语言、材料等)用……‎ ‎(5)在……方面 ‎(6)(表示方向)以……方向 ‎⑤(2016·济宁二模)The young mother whispered something to her children.‎ ‎⑥(2016·承德高三模拟)Wait until the lights change to green before crossing the road.‎ ‎⑦(2016·潍坊高三二模)Her devotion to science was praised and admired by the people all over the country. ‎ to的主要含义和用法：‎ ‎(1)(表示方向)朝……，向……‎ ‎(2)(表示程度)到……，达到……‎ ‎(3)在某些名词后常跟介词to，如：key, answer, visit, apology, solution, attitude, devotion, entrance等 ‎⑧To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.‎ beyond的主要含义：‎ ‎(1)(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处 ‎(2)(表示程度)超出，非……所能及 ‎⑨Hearing about his idea, some were in favour of his suggestion, but some others were strongly against it.‎ against的主要含义：‎ ‎(1)(表示态度)反对 ‎(2)(表示对比)以……为背景 ‎(3)(表示方位)倚靠着……‎ ‎(二)短文改错常考点 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 我来改正 常设错点(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says ‎ ‎①dreams 习惯搭配中介词的错 that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college.‎ ‎③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.‎ ‎④(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.‎ 后加of ‎②to→for ‎③on→with ‎④by→of 用 在习惯搭配中介词的使用是相对固定的，不能随意改动。‎ ‎⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.‎ ‎⑥(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Therefore, we have more time with afterschool activities.‎ ‎⑤on→in ‎⑥with→for 介词与名词、动词、形容词搭配不当 ‎⑦(2015·陕西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week.‎ ‎⑧(2015·四川高考)Please help with me and give me some advice.‎ ‎⑦去掉in ‎⑧去掉with 介词的多余 ‎①及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需加介词；‎ ‎②last, next后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。‎ ‎⑨(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)We can lie on 介词的缺失 ‎ the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.‎ ‎⑩(2014·四川高考)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. ‎ ‎⑨listening后加to ‎⑩wait后加for 不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。‎ ‎[介词专练]‎ ‎1．I am in favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.‎ ‎2．Our office wasn’t far from Chinatown, where I found some very good Chinese restaurants. ‎ ‎3．White fat stores extra energy, which results in weight gain.‎ ‎4．I had to give this speech from my memory and in front of such a big audience! ‎ ‎5．—How much did he charge you for the service?‎ ‎—Luckily, it’s nothing.‎ ‎6．It saves a lot of time in the kitchen to have things you use within easy reach.‎ ‎7．The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.‎ ‎8．He is no fool at all, and in fact, he is the smartest boy I have ever seen.‎ ‎9．—I am sorry I didn’t finish the task.‎ ‎—Never mind. After all, you have tried your best.‎ ‎10．It’s time for you to change your attitude towards/to women now, Tom. They hold up half the sky, you know.‎ ‎11．The villagers collected money to set up a monument in memory of those who died in the great earthquake.‎ ‎12．Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are for everyone’s enjoyment.‎ ‎13．The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will in time.‎ ‎14．Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.‎ ‎15．He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects.‎ ‎16．—What makes you decide to buy a new house in the town?‎ ‎—This town is free from pollution.‎ ‎17．A great person is always putting others’ interests above his own.‎ ‎18．The girl in a red dress is my sister, and the red dress looks beautiful on her.‎ ‎19．He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many foreign languages.‎ ‎20．The purpose of the article is to draw public attention to the problem.‎ ‎21．The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.‎ ‎22．—Why not talk with your parents about your willingness ‎ to attend Peking University Summer Camp?‎ ‎—I tried in vain to get them to listen to me.‎ ‎23．If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time, would you like to do that? ‎ ‎24．The computer game is designed for game lovers, young ones in particular.‎ ‎25．As the only child, Jack was in possession of all the belongings after his parents died.‎ ‎26．We offered her our congratulations on her passing the driving test.‎ ‎27．We thought Mary would pass and John would fail, but it was contrary to the expectation.‎ ‎28．He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.‎ ‎29．Although against my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.‎ ‎30．On the morning of my mother’s birthday, I usually help my mother do some housework.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Your story is wonderful; I’ve never heard a good one before.good→better ‎2．I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.little→less ‎3．To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.bad→worse ‎4．Well, I like much more than one, such as painting and ‎ model making, but my favorite is dancing.去掉much ‎5．In some places you may borrow as more books as you need, but in others you are limited to a certain number of books.more→many ‎6．Global warming is having a great effect at hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.at→on ‎7．Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead many diseases.lead后加to ‎8．The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800’s.去掉of ‎9．Suddenly it occurred to me that he might have left it in the taxi. So I immediately got touch with the taxi company.got后加in ‎10．I’m afraid physics is completely against me and I have to ask you for help.against→beyond ‎11．These are the happiest girls I’ve ever seen and I’m the happiest in all！in→of ‎12．I’m very interested in the job and I’d like to apply to the position.第二个to→for ‎13．I’d like to bring you a cold drink in return with your help.with→for ‎14．Tired as they are, the rescuers are still in search for the missing people in the flash floods.for→of_或search前加their ‎15．The police are busy looking after the cause of the traffic accident.after→into