山东省2020届高三下学期开学检测英语试题

山东省2020届高三下学期开学检测英语试题

高三开学收心检测 英语试题 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。‎ ‎2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本 试卷上无效。‎ ‎3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ A Some of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a variety of fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout history are even more than men’s contributions. Our list of the most famous female scientists below are organized in order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made.‎ Marie Curie (1867-1934)‎ Famous For: Work on radioactivity Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and her work helped with the creation of X-rays.‎ Jane Goodall (1934)‎ Famous For: Primate (灵长类) studies Jane Goodall is known world-wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates. She is considered as the top expert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her 45-year study on the social lives of these animals in Tanzania.‎ Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)‎ Famous For: Nerve growth studies Rita Levi-Montalcini was a neurologist (神经病学家) who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or ‎ Medicine in 1986 for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She was the first Nobel Prize winner to live past her 100th birthday.‎ Lise Meitner (1878-1968)‎ Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics Lise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission (裂变). One of her colleagues, Otto Hahn, was given the Noble Prize for this work. That Meitner didn’t get the award is considered to be a huge error by the Nobel committee.‎ ‎1. Who is still contributing to the world?‎ A. Marie Curie. B. Jane Goodall.‎ C. Rita Levi-Montalcini. D. Lise Meitner.‎ ‎2. What did Rita Levi-Montalcini reseach on?‎ A. Nerve growth. B. The wildlife.‎ C. Nuclear explosion. D. Radioactivity.‎ ‎3. What do we know about Lise Meitner?‎ A. She was awarded the Nobel Prize.‎ B. She made a big mistake in her work.‎ C. She did lots of studies about nerve growth.‎ D. She made great contributions to nuclear physics.‎ ‎【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文主要列举了4位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。观察每个人物的后面跟的时间可知，Jane Goodall出生于1934，而后面没有给去世时间，说明还在世，还在为世界做贡献。故选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)部分中Famous For: Nerve growth studies可知因为神经发育研究而出名。由此可知，Rita Levi-Montalcini研究的是神经发育。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Lise Meitner (1878-1968)部分中Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics可知因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知，Lise Meitner 对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。‎ B Knowing more about science than the average middle student, Caroline Crouchley, 13, of Garden City is a finalist in the 2019 ‎3M Young Scientist Challenge. The annual competition tasks students in grades fifth to eighth with making a video tracing a unique solution to an everyday problem. Crouchley is one of 10 finalists chosen out of thousands of students this year.‎ After watching her brother enter the competition several years ago, Crouchley, who has always loved science, couldn’t wait for her turn. In May, she submitted a two-minute video about her idea to the organizer to create growing methods of public transportation. When she found out she was a finalist in June, she couldn’t believe it.‎ Crouchley’s project was inspired by the construction she sees every day outside her window in Garden City, as well as the Long Island Railroad’s recent expansion. She noticed transportation causes pollution in her community, and she was determined to find a way to stop it.‎ ‎“Maybe one day, we can have better technology and find a way to help the environment,” Crouchley said. In her video, Crouchley explains that the use of fossil fuels let out by public transportation is a major cause of environmental problems. She believes technology that reduces the need for a diesel (柴油) engine or an electric motor is the solution. To show her idea in action, she designed a new type of train.‎ Crouchley created a computerized system design model for her train using an engineering program called Autodesk Inventor. She brought the train to life using a 3D printer, magnets (磁铁) and a solar-powered air compressor (压缩机). Crouchley said it took a long time to develop her ideas and make the video. She had to work under deadlines, too, which she said was stressful.‎ ‎4. What’s the competition about?‎ A. Solving daily problems.‎ B. Knowing about science.‎ C. Meeting personal curiosity.‎ D. Answering the question on science.‎ ‎5. Which can replace the underlined word “tracing” in paragraph 1?‎ A. arresting B. overcoming C. describing D. accumulating ‎6. What’s the purpose of Crouchley’s project?‎ A. To help protect the environment.‎ B. To invent a new kind of transportation.‎ C. To inspire teenagers to struggle for their dreams.‎ D. To find a solution to avoid using transportation.‎ ‎7. Which of the following best describes Crouchley?‎ A. Energetic. B. Creative.‎ C. Humorous. D. Demanding.‎ ‎【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了Caroline Crouchley比一般中学生更懂科学，13岁就参加了2019年‎3M青年科学挑战赛，并讲述了她喜欢科学到参加比赛的过程。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中The annual competition tasks students in grades fifth to eighth with making a video tracing a unique solution to an everyday problem.可知一年一度的比赛要求五年级到八年级的学生制作一个视频来描述日常问题的独特解决方案。由此可知，比赛的内容是解决日常问题。故选A。‎ ‎5题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据上文The annual competition tasks students in grades fifth to eighth with making a video可知比赛要求学生制作一个视频，并在视频中描述日常问题的独特解决方案。由此可知，划线单词意思为“描述”。故选C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中She noticed transportation causes pollution in her community, and she was determined to find a way to stop it.可知她注意到交通会给她的社区带来污染，于是她决定想办法阻止污染。以及倒数第二段中She believes technology that reduces the need for a diesel engine or an electric motor is the solution. To show her idea in action, she designed a new type of train.可知她认为，减少对柴油发动机或电动机需求的技术是解决方案。为了把她的想法付诸行动，她设计了一种新型的火车。由此判断出，Crouchley的项目的目的是帮助保护环境。故选A。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Crouchley created a computerized system design model for her train using an engineering program called Autodesk Inventor. She brought the train to life using a 3D printer, magnets and a solar-powered air compressor. 可知Crouchley创造了一个利用计算机做的火车系统模型，还使用了Autodesk Inventor的工程项目，她用3D打印机、磁铁和一个太阳能的空气压缩机使火车栩栩如生。由此可推知，Crouchley很有创造力。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第二小题，根据上文The annual competition tasks students in grades fifth to eighth with making a video可知比赛要求学生制作一个视频，并在视频中描述日常问题的独特解决方案。由此可知，划线单词意思为“描述”。故选C。‎ C You might easily gain access to fresh fruit and vegetables, but this isn’t the case in some parts of America. The U. S. has many areas that are considered as food deserts, which are defined as parts of the country short of fresh fruit, vegetables and other healthy food, usually found in poor areas.‎ Food deserts are urban areas where the nearest grocery store is more than 1 mile away, and rural areas where the nearest grocery store is more than 10 miles away. According to the USDA, 19 million Americans or 6.2% of the population-live in places that can be considered as food deserts.‎ The issue isn’t necessarily about the difference in cost between healthy and unhealthy foods in these areas but it’s about a lack of access to healthy choices at all. And, with the lack of healthy food choices, these areas typically have a large supply of unhealthy foods sold at fast-food companies and ‎ convenience stores.‎ Eating unhealthy foods can lead to overweight, which puts people at risk for all kinds of major health issues, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and some cancers.‎ But some people, especially those who cannot afford a car, are stuck with eating what’s readily available. In the case of food deserts, it’s usually the type of food that can lead to over-weight. Studies have shown that this is likely to be a problem in low-income areas. When money is not enough, people tend to buy foods that last longer and remove food waste, which is a waste of their limited income.‎ Lack of access is only one part of the problem, however. A study published in 2018 found that food inequality wasn’t removed. The bigger issue was likely the lack of education and nutritional knowledge in these communities, which prevents people with lower incomes from understanding the benefits of healthy eating.‎ While overweight is a significant issue in these communities, the cost of unhealthy eating isn’t just physical. A study found that 71 billion dollars in healthcare costs due to chronic diseases could be saved through healthier eating.‎ ‎8. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?‎ A. 6.2‎‎% of the Americans live in poor areas.‎ B. Some parts of the USA lack fresh vegetables.‎ C. Some people in America don’t need fresh fruit.‎ D. People in the food deserts buy fresh vegetables easily.‎ ‎9. Why can fast-food companies sell large amounts of unhealthy food in the food deserts?‎ A. These areas are rich in unhealthy food materials.‎ B. Fast-food companies want to make a larger profit.‎ C. Healthy food choices are unavailable in these areas.‎ D. People in these areas prefer unhealthy food to healthy food.‎ ‎10. What do studies say about people in low-income areas?‎ A. They are less likely to have overweight problems.‎ B. They are delighted to prepare food for themselves.‎ C. They have to buy food that can be preserved longer.‎ D. They are used to eating food donated by food companies.‎ ‎11. What stops people from understanding healthy eating benefits in the food deserts?‎ A. Lack of government financial support.‎ B. Lack of knowledge of disease prevention.‎ C Lack of social promotion of healthy eating.‎ D. Lack of education and knowledge in nutrition.‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了我们也许很容易得到新鲜水果和蔬菜，然而对于美国一些地区来说很困难，美国食物缺乏区因此选择不健康食物，而导致有健康问题。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中The U. S. has many areas that are considered as food deserts, which are defined as parts of the country short of fresh fruit, vegetables and other healthy food, usually found in poor areas.可知美国有许多地区被认为是“食品沙漠”，即美国境内缺少新鲜水果、蔬菜和其他健康食品的地区，这些地区通常位于贫困地区。由此可推知，美国有些地方缺少新鲜蔬菜。故选B。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中And, with the lack of healthy food choices, these areas typically have a large supply of unhealthy foods sold at fast-food companies and convenience stores.可知由于缺乏健康食品的选择，这些地区通常有大量的不健康食品在快餐店和便利店出售。由此可知，快餐公司可以在食品沙漠中出售大量的不健康食品，是因为在这些地区没有健康的食物选择。故选C。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中When money is not enough, people tend to buy foods that last longer and remove food waste, which is a waste of their limited income.可知当钱不够用的时候，人们倾向于购买保存更久的食物，消除食物浪费，这是对他们有限收入的浪费。由此可知，关于低收入地区的人们，研究表明他们必须买可以保存更久的食物。故选C。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中The bigger issue was likely the lack of education and nutritional knowledge in these communities, which prevents people with lower incomes from understanding the benefits of healthy eating.‎ 可知更大的问题可能是这些社区缺乏教育和营养知识，这使得收入较低的人无法理解健康饮食的好处。由此可知，缺乏营养方面的教育和知识使位于“食品沙漠”地区的人们无法理解健康饮食的益处。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】隐含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/be likely to等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断。如第一小题，根据第一段中The U. S. has many areas that are considered as food deserts, which are defined as parts of the country short of fresh fruit, vegetables and other healthy food, usually found in poor areas.可知美国有许多地区被认为是“食品沙漠”，即美国境内缺少新鲜水果、蔬菜和其他健康食品的地区，这些地区通常位于贫困地区。由此可推知，美国有些地方缺少新鲜蔬菜。故选B。‎ D Rescuing victims from a burning building a chemical spill, or any disaster that is inaccessible to human responders could one day be a task for adaptable robots. Imagine, for instance, rescue-robots rising up on two legs can bound through rubble (碎石), push aside a heavy obstacle, or break through a locked door.‎ Engineers are improving the design of four-legged robots and their ability to run, jump and even do back leaps. But getting two-legged, human-like robots to use force or push against something without falling has been a lion in the way.‎ Now engineers at MIT and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a method to control balance in a two-legged, tele-operated robot-an essential step toward enabling a human-like to carry out high-impact tasks in challenging environments. The team’s robot, physically resembling a machined body and two legs, is controlled remotely by a human operator wearing a vest that sends information about the human’s motion and ground reaction forces to the robot. Through the vest, the human operator can direct and experience the robot’s movements. If the robot is starting to tip over, the human feels the same pull on the vest and can adjust in a way to rebalance both himself and the robot.‎ In experiments with the robot to test this new “balance feedback” approach, the researchers were able to remotely maintain the robot’s balance as it jumped and walked in sync (同步) with its human operator.‎ ‎“It’s like running with a heavy backpack-you can feel how the dynamics (力) of the backpack ‎ move around you, and you can make up properly,” says Joao Ramos, who developed the approach as an MIT Postdoctor. “Now if you want to open a heavy door, the human can command the robot to throw its body at the door and push it open, without losing balance.”‎ ‎12. What’s the function of the first paragraph?‎ A. Advertise a new robot.‎ B. Show the appearance of the robot.‎ C. Tell the principle of the two-legged robot.‎ D. Introduce the purpose of the two-legged robot.‎ ‎13. What is the trouble with human-like robots?‎ A. It’s hard for them to do back leaps.‎ B. It’s hard for them to keep their balance.‎ C. They can’t push against anything hard.‎ D. They often fall down when meeting the lions.‎ ‎14. What is special about the robot research at MIT?‎ A. The tested robot’s actions can be felt by the human operator.‎ B. The robot is tested in challenging environments.‎ C. The data on the tested robot is sent by phones.‎ D. The tested robot has a voice-control system.‎ ‎15. Which is the best title for the text?‎ A. The Strength of Two-legged Robot B. The Development History of Robot C. A New Four-legged Rescuing Robot D. New Research on Two-legged Robot ‎【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章说明了让两条腿的机器人在不摔倒的情况下推动物体一直是一大障碍，而麻省理工学院和伊利诺伊大学Champaign分校的工程师们已经开发出一种方法，可以在一个两条腿的远程操作机器人身上控制平衡——这是让一个类人机器人在具有挑战性的环境中完成高强度任务的关键一步。文章说明了这一最新研究成果和进展。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中Imagine, for instance, rescue-robots rising up on two legs can bound through rubble (碎石), push aside a heavy obstacle, or break through a locked door. 可知想象一下，例如，用两条腿站立的救援机器人可以穿过碎石，推开沉重的障碍物，或者打破一扇锁着的门。由此可推知，第一段的作用是为了介绍两条腿机器人的用途。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中But getting two-legged, human-like robots to use force or push against something without falling has been a lion in the way. 可知但是，让两条腿的类人机器人在不摔倒的情况下使用力量或推动某物，一直是一大障碍。由此可知，类人机器人最大的问题在于难以保持平衡。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中Through the vest, the human operator can direct and experience the robot’s movements. If the robot is starting to tip over, the human feels the same pull on the vest and can adjust in a way to rebalance both himself and the robot.可知通过背心，人类操作员可以指导和感受机器人的动作。如果机器人开始翻倒，人也会感觉到背心上的拉力，可以通过某种方式调整自己和机器人之间的平衡。由此可知，麻省理工学院的机器人研究特别之处在于被测机器人的动作可以被人类操作员感知。故选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第三段中Now engineers at MIT and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a method to control balance in a two-legged, tele-operated robot-an essential step toward enabling a human-like to carry out high-impact tasks in challenging environments.可知，主要内容文章说明了让两条腿的机器人在不摔倒的情况下推动物体一直是一大障碍，而麻省理工学院和伊利诺伊大学Champaign分校的工程师们已经开发出一种方法，可以在一个两条腿的远程操作机器人身上控制平衡——这是让一个类人机器人在具有挑战性的环境中完成高强度任务的关键一步。文章说明了这一最新研究成果和进展。故D选项“两条腿的机器人最新研究进展”符合文章标题。故选D。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Responsibility is an admirable character that makes life better for everyone around you. It isn’t only about doing your homework or feeding the dog. ____16____ Showing responsibility isn’t always ‎ easy, but practicing and making an effort will help you improve over time.‎ Think of the consequences before speaking or acting. Bad decisions often lead to a lot of new problems. Many times, you can avoid these problems by thinking about what you’re about to do before you go through with it. Irresponsible people often make decisions without realizing how they are affecting others. ____17____‎ Pause and reflect on your actions to see what you can do better. Take a time out to look back on what you have said or done, especially after a difficult decision. ____18____ Consider what goes right, what goes wrong, and what you can do differently next time. Use what you learn to become wiser and more responsible.‎ ‎____19____ If you’re honest, people will believe you are a responsible person. Try to be as honest as possible. Lying leads to deeper holes in the long run, so admit when you do something wrong. This can be very tough to do at times, but it’s something you can handle when you’re a responsible person.‎ Apologize for any mistake you make. No one is perfect, and no matter how responsible you try to be, you might mess up sometimes. ____20____ If you hurt someone, tell them you are sorry and will do better next time.‎ A. Tell the truth to be honest with others.‎ B. Instead of hiding your mistakes, own them.‎ C. Find solutions for problems instead of blaming others.‎ D. It’s also about making proper choices and doing what is right.‎ E. By reflecting, you give yourself a chance to make better decisions.‎ F. Avoid big lies hurting one’s feelings if you want people to trust you.‎ G. Most decisions affect other people, so be responsible for your choices.‎ ‎【答案】16. D 17. G 18. E 19. A 20. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了责任感是一种令人赞美的品质，并在文章中主要讲了如何去做一个有责任感的人。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据上文Responsibility is an admirable character that makes life better for everyone around you. It isn’t only about doing your homework or feeding the dog.‎ 可知责任感是一种令人钦佩的品质，它能让你身边的每个人生活得更好。这不仅仅是关于做你的家庭作业或喂狗。由此可知，本句是在承接上文继续说明如何去成为负责任的人。故D选项“它也是做正确的选择和做正确的事”符合上下文语境，故选D。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上文Irresponsible people often make decisions without realizing how they are affecting others.可知不负责任的人经常在没有意识到他们如何影响他人的情况下做出决定。由此可知，本句承接上文说明自己的决定会对他人产生影响，上文中decisions对应到G选项中choices。故G选项“大多数决定都会影响他人，所以要对自己的选择负责”符合上下文语境，故选G。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据上文Take a time out to look back on what you have said or done, especially after a difficult decision.可知花点时间回顾一下你的发言或所做的事情，尤其是在做出艰难决定之后。由此可知，本句承接上文说明要反思的原因，是因为反思会给你一个更明智的决定。上文中look back on可知对应到E选项中reflecting。故E选项“通过反思，你给了自己一个做出更好决定的机会。”符合上下文语境，故选E。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据后文If you’re honest, people will believe you are a responsible person.可知如果你是诚实的，人们会相信你是一个负责任的人。由此可知，本句为建议做一个更诚实的人。故A选项“说实话，对别人诚实”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文Apologize for any mistake you make. No one is perfect, and no matter how responsible you try to be, you might mess up sometimes. 可知对你犯的任何错误表示歉意。没有人是完美的，而且无论你有多么负责任，有时都可能会陷入困境。以及下文If you hurt someone, tell them you are sorry and will do better next time.可知如果你伤害了别人，告诉他们你很抱歉，下次会做得更好。由此可知，本句为倡导做错了事就去道歉，而不是隐瞒。故B选项“与其隐瞒错误，不如承认错误”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Donna Hopkins has survived breast cancer twice and lost part of her left leg due to a serious ‎ disease. But none of those ___21___ has slowed her down. Actually, this lifelong ___22___went on to become a competitive rower(划船手) -and now she is even ___23___ trying ice hockey(冰球).‎ Hopkins was first diagnosed with breast cancer in 1997 after she found a lump(肿块) while she was sitting at work one day. She said, “I immediately called my primary ___24___ and scheduled an appointment. You can’t wait around because if you act ___25___, the chances of your___26___are greater. ” She had a treatment , but two years later the ___27___returned. She had a(n) ___28___ and has been cancer-free since, and advises others to make sure they ___29___of their illness as much as possible.‎ Donna’s doctor suggested she take up _____30_____ even though she didn’t know how to swim. “Rowing became the_____31_____ that I needed to get me through a dark time," she says.‎ Her faith and her_____32_____nature also assisted her in getting through those difficult times. “I don’t like to _____33_____ anything,” she laughs.‎ ‎“You have one life to live. You’ve got to live it to the utmost. ” she says. “I always tell people that I may have gone through some hard times that cannot be _____34_____, but I think I’m a better person today _____35_____ what I’ve gone through. ”‎ ‎21. A. achievements B. intentions C. hardships D. scenes ‎22. A. athlete B. coach C. judge D. captain ‎23. A. giving up B. thinking about C. believing in D. talking about ‎24. A. professor B. workmate C. teacher D. doctor ‎25. A. immediately B. seriously C. naturally D. hopefully ‎26 A‎. working B. travelling C. living D. showing ‎27. A. cruelty B. signal C. shock D. cancer ‎28. A. operation B. pressure C. movement D. loss ‎29. A. remind B. warn C. approve D. know ‎30. A. jumping B. rowing C. running D. swimming ‎31. A. prejudice B. alarm C. medicine D. sorrow ‎32. A. curious B. competitive C. cautious D. conservative ‎33. A. classify B. lose C. hurt D. bear ‎34. A. predicted B. stated C. processed D. possessed ‎35. A. in need of B. in case of C. because of D. instead of ‎【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Donna Hopkins的故事，她曾两次患乳腺癌，由于身患重病，她失去了左腿的一部分。但这些困难都没有让她放慢脚步。即便经历了很多困难，但是她都坚强的度过，并说：“你只有一条命，你必须尽最大努力”。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些艰辛都没有让她慢下来。A. achievements成就；B. intentions意图；C. hardships艰难；D. scenes场景。依据上文可知她两次从乳腺癌中幸存下来，且生过重病，这些都是艰辛的事情，故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这位终身运动员后来成为了一名赛艇运动员——现在她甚至在考虑尝试冰球。A. athlete运动员；B. coach教练；C. judge裁判；D. captain队长。根据后文a competitive rower可知她是一位运动员。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，这位终身运动员后来成为了一名赛艇运动员——现在她甚至在考虑尝试冰球。A. giving up放弃；B. thinking about考虑；C. believing in相信；D. talking about谈论。结合后文trying ice hockey可知她在考虑尝试冰球。故选B。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立即打电话给我的主治医生，安排了一个预约。A. professor教授；B. workmate同事；C. teacher老师；D. doctor医生。依据上文她知道自己的胸部有肿块以后，应该是立刻看医生。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你不能坐以待毙，因为如果你立即行动，你活着的机会就会更大。A. immediately立即；B. seriously认真地；C. naturally自然地；D. hopefully有希望地。根据上文I immediately called my primary可知她认为要立即行动起来，这样活着的机会才更大。故选A。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不能坐以待毙，因为如果你立即行动，你活着的机会就会更大。A. working工作；B. travelling旅行；C. living活着，存活；D. showing展示。得了癌症希望得到治愈是为了活着。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她接受了治疗，但两年后癌症复发。A. cruelty 残酷；B. signal信号；C. shock震惊；D. cancer癌症。根据第二段第一句Hopkins was first diagnosed with breast cancer in 1997可知她的癌症复发了。故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她做了手术，癌症痊愈了，她建议其他人尽可能多地了解自己的病情。A. operation手术；B. pressure压力；C. movement运动；D. loss损失。根据常识可知，治疗乳腺癌的最好方法是做手术，故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她做了手术，癌症痊愈了，她建议其他人尽可能多地了解自己的病情。A. remind提醒；B. warn警告；C. approve批准；D. know了解，知道。根据后文of their illness可知Donna建议其他人尽可能多地了解自己的病情。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Donna的医生建议她去划船，尽管她不会游泳。A. jumping跳跃；B. rowing划船；C. running奔跑；D. swimming游泳。根据后文Rowing became可知医生建议Donna去划船。故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“划船成了我度过黑暗时期所需要的良药”她说。A. prejudice偏见；B. alarm闹钟；C. medicine药品；D. sorrow悲伤。根据后文I needed to get me through a dark time可知划船成了帮助Donna度过黑暗时期所需的良药。故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的信念和好胜的天性也帮助她度过了那些困难时期。A. curious好奇的；B. competitive好胜的，竞争的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. conservative保守的。结合上文Donna坚持不懈地与病魔做斗争，可知Donna是个好胜的，不服输的人。故选B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我不想失去任何东西，她笑着说。A. classify分类；B. lose失去；C. hurt伤害；D. bear忍受。承接上文Donna是个好胜的人，因此她不喜欢任何东西。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我总是告诉人们，我可能经历了一些难以预料的困难时期，但我认为，因为我所经历的，我今天变得更好了。A. predicted预测；B. stated陈述；C. processed加工；D. possessed拥有。患病并不是Donna能够预测到了，故经历了一些难以预料的困难时期。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查短语介词辨析。句意：我总是告诉人们，我可能经历了一些难以预料的困难时期，但我认为，因为我所经历的，我今天变得更好了。A. in need of需要；B. in case of万一；C. because of因为；D. instead of而不是。Donna认为因为自己所经历的事情，自己变得更好了。故选C。‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Father’s Day originated to complement Mother’s Day. It became a___36___ (commerce) holiday in 1908.___37___ (celebrate) at a church in West Virginia in that same year on July 5th, Father’s Day was only a one time event and not set up as an annual holiday. It was not made ___38___ permanent national holiday until 1972.‎ A woman named Sonora Smart Dodd, one of six___39___(child) raised by her father after her mother died, began to launch a campaign for the holiday in 1909. She___40___(appeal) to churches, shopkeepers and public officials ___41___ (gain) support in her state. Sonora was successful and Washington became the first state to celebrate statewide Father’s Day.‎ Despite early___42___(succeed) , many attempts to make Father’s Day a national holiday were met with resistance because Congress was concerned it would become commercialized. Retailers and advertisers pushed it___43___a “second Christmas" for men. When World War II began, advertisers wanted Father’s Day to be a way to honor the troops (军队) ___44___ the war effort. This helped it gain popularity, and it was already a national institution by the time it ___45___ (declare) an official holiday by President Nixon in 1972. Our dads have been outfitted in fancy new ties every year since.‎ ‎【答案】36. commercial ‎ ‎37. Celebrated ‎ ‎38. a 39. children ‎ ‎40. appealed ‎ ‎41. to gain ‎ ‎42. success ‎ ‎43. as 44. and ‎ ‎45. was declared ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了父亲节的起源。父亲节起源于母亲节。1908年，它成为一个商业假日。同年的‎7月5日，父亲节在西维吉尼亚州的一所教堂里举行。直到1972年，它才成为一个永久性的全国性节日。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查形容词。修饰后文名词holiday应用形容词commercial，表示“商业的”。故填commercial。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知celebrate在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语Father’s Day构成被动关系，故用过去分词。句首字母要大写。故填Celebrated。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查冠词。holiday为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且permanent为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。child为可数名词，由上文six修饰应用复数形式。故填children。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。根据上文in 1909可知事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故填appealed。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知gain在句中做非谓语动词，且此处表目的应用不定式。故填to gain。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词。上文形容词early修饰名词success，表示“早期成功”。故填success。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：零售商和广告商们把它称为男性的“第二个圣诞节”。结合句意表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：第二次世界大战开始时，广告客户希望父亲节成为一种向军人和战争努力致敬的方式。结合句意可知前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据后文in 1972可知为一般过去时，主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was declared。‎ ‎【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。‎ 如第二小题，分析句子结构可知celebrate在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语Father’s Day构成被动关系，故用过去分词。句首字母要大写。故填Celebrated。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（满分15分）‎ ‎46.假定你是李华，你校准备面向在华外籍高中生举办主题为“中文的魅力”的演讲比赛。请你给在你市国际学校就读的好友William发一封电子邮件，告知此事，并鼓励他参赛，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 介绍比赛相关内容（时间、地点、参加者等）；‎ ‎2. 比赛的要求（用中文演讲，时间不超过5分钟，内容积极向上）。‎ 注意：1. 词数80左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear William,‎ How are things going? To promote foreign high school students’ understanding of Chinese, our school is starting a speech contest intended for them. I’m writing to tell you some details.‎ The contest will be held in our school hall, located in the west of our school. It will start at 8 o’clock next Sunday morning and last for three hours. The theme of the speech is “The Charm of ‎ Chinese”. You have to speak in Chinese and the performance is limited to 5 minutes. What's more, the selected material ought to be positive and inspiring.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇提纲类写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假定你是李华，你校准备面向在华外籍高中生举办主题为“中文的魅力”的演讲比赛。请你 给在你市国际学校就读的好友William发一封电子邮件，告知此事，并鼓励他参赛，内容包括：1. 介绍比赛相关内容（时间、地点、参加者等）；2. 比赛的要求（用中文演讲，时间不超过5分钟，内容积极向上）。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：promote (促进)；speech contest(演讲比赛)；located in (位于)；last for(持续)；ought to(应该)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如To promote foreign high school students’ understanding of Chinese, our school is starting a speech contest intended for them.非谓语动词的运用；The contest will be held in our school hall, located in the west of our school.运用了一般将来时的被动语态。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节（满分25分）‎ ‎47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写 的词数应为150左右。‎ I had never been more anxious in my life. I had just spent the last three endless hours trying to get to the airport so that I could travel home. Now, as I watched the bus driver set my luggage on the airport sidewalk, I realized that my anxiety had only just begun.‎ This was my first visit alone to the international terminal of the airport, and nothing was familiar. I couldn’t make sense of any of the signs. Where was the check-in counter? Where should I take my luggage? I had no idea where to go, feeling as if I were deaf and blind and stupid. I began to panic. What time was it? Where was my plane? I had to find help because I couldn’t be late!‎ I tried to ask a passing businessman for help, but my words all came out wrong. He just frowned and walked away. What had happened? I had been in this country for a whole semester, and I couldn’t even remember how to ask for directions. This was awful! Another bus arrived at the terminal, and the passengers came out carrying all sorts of luggage. Here was my chance! I could follow them to the right place, and I would not have to say a word.‎ I dragged my enormous suitcase behind me and followed the group. We finally reached the elevators. Oh, no! They all fit in it, but there was not enough room for me. I watched in despair as the elevator doors closed. I was abandoned again! I had no idea what to do next. I got on the elevator when it returned and stared at all the buttons. Which one could it be? I pressed button 3, because I thought I saw those passengers pressed 3, though it was no more than a quick glance. The elevator slowly climbed up to the third floor and came to a stop. There were no check-in counters! I looked around shyly, only to find an elderly man standing at the corner. He was an airport employee. ‎ Paragraph 1:‎ Tears formed in my eyes as I saw the empty hall and realized that I would miss my plane. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2:‎ When I turned to thank him for all his help, he was gone. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Paragraph 1:‎ Tears formed in my eyes as I saw the empty hall and realized that I would miss my plane. Just then the elderly airport employee walked towards me from the corner. He saw that I was lost and asked if he could help in any way. He gave me his handkerchief to dry my tears. He smiled kindly. He patted my shoulder to ease my anxiety before leading me down a long hallway. We walked up some stairs, turned a corner, and at last, there was the check-in counter! He led me past all the lines of people and pushed my luggage to the inspection counter.‎ Paragraph 2:‎ When I turned to thank him for all his help, he was gone. I never got an opportunity to know that kind man’s name, but I would always remember his unexpected kindness. He helped me when I needed it most. Without his timely help, I would have certainly missed my plane. I can only hope that one day I will be able to do the same for another traveler who is suffering a terrible journey.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读后续写作文。‎ ‎【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要记叙了作者独自去机场的国际航站楼，一切都很陌生。作者看不懂标志也不会问路，作者感到非常焦虑。这时候作者环顾四周，只看到一个上了年纪的机场工作人员站在角落里。‎ 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：当我看到空荡荡的大厅，意识到我将错过我的飞机时，眼泪涌了出来。所以后文应该是讲述上文作者看到的老人如何帮助作者找到了办理登机手续的柜台的；第二段开头是：当我转身感谢他的帮助时，他却不见了。本段应该写作者内心对于老人给自己帮助的感受，作者只希望有一天，能够为另一位正在经历可怕旅程的旅行者做同样的事情。‎ 最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。‎ ‎【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：in any way, dry my tears, be able to等高级词汇；宾语从句He saw that I was lost and asked if he could help in any way.；时间状语从句He helped me when I needed it most.等高级句式，高级句式和词汇的运用，彰显作者高水平的英语表达能力。‎