专题14 语言与学习（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题14 语言与学习（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题14 语言与学习 模拟训练 Passage 1（2018届河北省五个一联盟高三第二次模拟考试 ）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 ‎ 丹麦语hygge ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 Imagine this scene: it’s blowing outside, and you snuggle (蜷伏) up on the sofa under a warm quilt, chatting and recalling with your closest friends.‎ That content, cosy feeling has a name in Danish —hygge. And, as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”, the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept.‎ Hygge —originally from a Norwegian word meaning well-being — doesn’t have an exact equivalent (等同物) in English. It’s often translated as coziness, or as blogger Anna West told the BBC, “coziness of the soul”. But, as professor Maren Spark explains, “Hygge was never meant to be translated. It was meant to be felt.”‎ Basically, hygge involves creating a warm, cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark and so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical Hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and light-hearted conversation with friends —preferably in the warm glow of candlelight, or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing.‎ However, hygge isn’t only limited to the cold winter months —it can also describe that warm, fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on summer’s day or a family barbecue in the park. Hygge is meant to be shared.‎ ‎1.The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to_________ .‎ A. help the readers to calm down B. introduce the topic of the passage C. present the main idea of the passage D. remind the readers of their past memories ‎2.What do the underlined words by Maren Spark mean?‎ A. The translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough.‎ B. Only Danish speakers know what “hygge” means.‎ C.“Hygge” is easy to translate but hard to feel.‎ D. We can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it.‎ ‎3.Which of the following can be best described as a “hygge” activity?‎ A. Skiing in the cold winter months. B. Living through long dark winters.‎ C. Taking afternoon tea with friends. D. Walking alone in the forest.‎ ‎4.The author writes this passage to_________.‎ A. explain B. persuade ‎ C. comment D. advertise ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，举例说明丹麦语hygge只可意会不可言传，需要用心去感受。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段首句“That content, cosy feeling has a name in Danish —hygge.”可知，作者让读者想想这样舒适的场景就是为了引出hygge这一话题。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Basically, hygge involves creating a warm, cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. ”可知，hygge意味着和所爱的人一起分享舒适的氛围，所以和朋友一起喝下午茶符合。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过举例说明hygge只可意会不可言传，所以本文是为了解释丹麦语hygge的意思。‎ Passage 2（2018届福建省百所重点校高三年上学期联合考试）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 没有经历过数学焦虑的人解决数学问题 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ ‎ Some people get worried when faced with simple math problems. And they may rely more heavily on certain brain circuits than people who do not experience such math anxiety. That’s the finding of a new study. Using a different mental approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems.‎ To figure out what was going on, researchers placed adults in a brain-scanning device. Called a functional magnetic resonance (磁共振) imaging machine, it measures blood flow in the brain. This lets researchers see which brain regions are active at a particular point in time. For the new study, the study recruited (招募) people with and without math anxiety. All of the adults were asked to answer whether simple math problems were correct or not. Both groups had similar response time. Each group also was equally accurate. The brain scans, however, turned up some differences.‎ In people who weren’t anxious about math, there was less activity in one brain region. It is called the frontoparietal (额顶的), attention network. It is involved in working memory and the solving of problems.‎ People who relied on this circuit less were probably getting ahead by automating simple math, said Hyesang Chang. She’s a cognitive neuroscientist who works at the University of Chicago in Illinois. She reported her team’s findings on March 25 here at the annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society.‎ People who get anxious over math showed more varied brain activity overall. That led Chang ‎ to consider that these people might be handling math problems in a different way. Their brains might be using a variety of approaches—and in ways that use more brain resources. This general approach works fine for simple math, she said. But the brains of those with math anxiety might get maxed out when the math is more challenging.‎ ‎1.According to the text, people who experience math anxiety may________.‎ A. have better working memory B. solve math problems inaccurately C. suffer more injuries in face of complex problems D. have more activity in the frontoparietal attention network ‎2.Researchers did the study with the help of________.‎ A. some experts on network ‎ B. the University of Chicago C. some people doing well in math ‎ D. a magnetic resonance imaging machine ‎3.What does Hyesang Chang agree with?‎ A. There is no certain way to change the level of math anxiety.‎ B. Using more brain resources can help solve more challenging math problems.‎ C. People with math anxiety use more brain resources to handle math problems.‎ D. People relying on the frontoparietal attention network less have better math grades.‎ ‎4.What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. How to learn math better B. How does people’s brain react to math problems?‎ C. What researchers find about people’s brain D. What should people do to avoid math anxiety?‎ ‎【话题解读】新的研究表明，一些人比那些没有经历过数学焦虑的人更依赖于大脑回路来解决数学问题。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“In people who weren’t anxious about math, there was less activity in one brain region. It is called the frontoparietal (额顶的), attention network.”可知，在那些不担心数学的人中，某个大脑区域的活动减少了，这就是所谓的额顶注意网络。反之，有数学焦虑的人在额顶的注意网络活动会更多。故选D。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“That led Chang to consider that these people might be handling math problems in a different way. Their brains might be using a variety of approaches—and in ways that use more brain resources.”可知，有数学焦虑的人能更多的使用大脑资源，用不同的方法处理数学问题。故选C。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述新的研究表明，一些人比那些没有经历过数学焦虑的人更依赖于大脑回路来解决数学问题。故选B。‎ Passage 3（2017届山西省太原市高三第三次模拟）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 应用文 ‎ 童教育学校的招生广告 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 Dear Parents:‎ I’m delighted that you are considering the British International School for your children’s education. Our school offers first class international education delivered by ‎ experienced, highly qualified and professional staff.‎ We aim to provide a high quality British-style education characterized by:‎ The arrangement of the English National Curriculum to meet the needs of international and local students and offering an insight into the local culture.‎ High quality teaching provided by international and local staff.‎ A broad personal development of students that encourages independence, confidence, tolerance, good manners and respect.‎ A recognition of the school-parent partnership in the successful education of the children.‎ An acknowledge that all students are individuals who deserve an environment to help realize their academic and other potential, thereby preparing them for their chosen continued education and career.‎ A safe, caring, happy and stimulating environment benefiting from high quality facilities.‎ Our school provides an effective framework for education through a broad, balanced, and monitored curriculum. As students advance through the school, we ensure that their needs are met through progressive teaching and learning. Although our curriculum is based upon the National Curriculum for England, it is adapted as appropriate, to ensure suitability for our diverse student body. Thus, we strive for the development of transferable skills through the years of school, as well as the acquisition of a broad body of knowledge.‎ Students are given opportunities to develop many skills. These include skills in language, in science, technology and mathematics, in the aesthetic(审美的) and creative fields of music, drama and art, and in physical education.‎ We insist that students act in a responsible manner toward all members of society. Throughout the school, students are taught to distinguish between right and wrong and show consideration for others. The qualities of honesty, kindness and good manners are always encouraged. Our friendly atmosphere provides a secure and happy environment in which children ‎ can grow and flourish as Individuals and valued members of the school family.‎ ‎1.What do you think the author is?‎ A.A school principal B. An exchange student.‎ C. An assistant professor D. An experienced lecturer.‎ ‎2.Why does the school change its curriculum when necessary?‎ A. To develop some good students’ skills.‎ B. To meet the needs of different students.‎ C. To offer an insight into the local culture.‎ D. To help students realize their potential.‎ ‎3.Which of the following about the students is NOT mentioned in the passage?‎ A. Manners B. Self-discipline ‎ C. Qualities. D. Independence.‎ ‎4.What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. The author thinks schools and parents play an important role in teaching.‎ B. The author is stressing that responsibility is the most important thing for a student.‎ C. The author is encouraging more parents to send their children to this school.‎ D. The author implies students become valued people without a friendly atmosphere.‎ ‎【话题解读】这是一篇英国国际儿童教育学校的招生广告，介绍了这所学校的教育目标、课程设置、教学理念等信息。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】推理判断题。文章以第一人称来叙述，实际上是英国国际儿童教育学校的招生广告，所以可推测这是学校的一位领导。故选A。。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章中“A broad personal development of students that encourages independence, confidence, tolerance, good manners and respect. The qualities of honesty, kindness and good manners are always encouraged.”可知，ACD三项内容都在文章中提到了。故选B。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】推理判断题。这是一篇英国国际儿童教育学校的招生广告，介绍了这所学校的教育目标、课程设置、教学理念等信息；再根据“Dear Parents:”可知，其目的在于希望更多的家长把自己的孩子送来学习。故选C。‎ Passage 4（2018届辽宁省六校协作体高三联考）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 ‎ 说明文 ‎ button有关的几个英语表达方式 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 There is a common ,usually round object that you can see every day and it appears in many expressions—buttons! Buttons, which are made of metal or plastic, are found on all sorts of clothing. They fasten or connect one piece of clothing to another to make sure your clothes don’t fall off.‎ To be cute as a button is an old saying, which means to be attractive or sweet, but in a small way. Babies are often described as cute as a button. Language experts don’t know why. But they do say the expression dates from the late 1860s.‎ Here is another expression associated with button: button-down. People often wear button-down shirts to the office. Button-down as an adjective means to be conservative. People described as button-down stay as close as possible to the normal way of dressing and behaving.‎ When buttoning a button, you slip it into a buttonhole. A buttonhole traps the button. So, to buttonhole someone means you have trapped him in a spoken conversation. Now, let’s say you find yourself buttonholed in a conversation at a party. Someone just keeps talking and talking and talking! Finally, you can’t stand it any longer. You tell him to button it! This is a direct, but a little rude way of saying “Stop talking!” Button your lip is another equally rude way to stop a person who talks too much.‎ Another kind of difficult person is someone who pushes one’s buttons. To push one’s buttons means to know how to get that person annoyed or upset. People who like to push other people’s buttons usually do it for selfish reasons.‎ ‎1.What do you think of someone who wears a button-down shirt to the office?‎ A. Crazy. B. Traditional. ‎ C. Funny. D. Fashionable.‎ ‎2.What will you probably say to get rid of a long and boring talk?‎ A. Be cute as a button. B. Push your button.‎ C. Button your lip. D. Be button-down.‎ ‎3.How does the fourth paragraph mainly develop?‎ A. By giving examples. B. By making contrasts.‎ C. By listing figures. D. By analyzing cause and effect.‎ ‎4.What does the underlined phrase in paragraph mean?‎ A. Shouts loudly. B. Learns of one’s secret.‎ C. Gets someone to lose his temper. D. Argues with someone.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文为说明文。讲述的是与button有关的几个英语表达方式。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话Button your lip is another equally rude way to stop a person who talks too much.可知应选C。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】篇章结构题。根据第四段内容可知本段是通过举例来说明要讲的含有button的习惯表达，故选A。‎