2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十七　自然生态（B）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十七　自然生态（B）

www.ks5u.com 话题十七　自然生态(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2019·黑龙江六校协作体一模] What do you do as spring sets in? Taking off your warm winter coat, and putting it away? For humans, taking off winter coats is a oneminute task. As it turns out, not all animals are so capable.‎ Snowshoe rabbits live in the mountain ranges of North America, and have a pure white coat during the winter time to match the snowy surroundings and to help avoid being caught. And they take off winter coats for a darker brown fur color to match the dirt and leaves after the snow melts(融化) in the spring. Sounds like a great way to escape from their natural enemies, right? However, concern begins when scientists begin looking at how the warming climate will impact the rabbits.‎ There are more and more white rabbits in the middle of a brown habitat(栖息地), where the snow has already melted away. This is a problem for them, as they are more easily seen by their natural enemies, giving them a “mismatch” problem. Snowshoe rabbits time the coat change in spring from white to brown based on the change in day length, not the temperature or the presence of snow in their habitat. Nowadays, the snow is melting a week on average before the change in day length signals the change in coat color, leaving the rabbits exposed to their natural enemies.‎ Some predictions put the rabbits in up to 8 weeks of a white coat in a brown, snowless habitat by the end of this century. This_timeline_could_spell_doom_for_their_populations,_as their natural enemies will have nearly 2 months of easily spotting them.‎ Fortunately, scientists have found areas with snowshoe rabbits in color from white to brown in the same place, meaning the timing of the coat change can be influenced by the environment. Snowshoe rabbits reproduce quickly, and if the color change timing is passed down then it is possible for rabbits to change coats accordingly. By protecting areas with variable ones, we can give snowshoe rabbits the opportunity to adapt to the changing climate.‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention humans' taking off winter coats?‎ A．To stress climate change is influential.‎ B．To imply animals should be taken care of.‎ C．To lead to the problem of snowshoe rabbits.‎ D．To show differences between man and animals.‎ ‎2．What has made scientists worry about snowshoe rabbits?‎ A．They fail to keep their white color.‎ B．They are active in freezing winter.‎ C．They are easily been caught.‎ D．They can't get rid of white fur when snow melts.‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Rabbits' enemies are stronger.‎ B．More rabbits will be killed.‎ C．The rabbit population will boom.‎ D．The rabbits may die out in the future.‎ ‎4．Which of the following can best conclude the text?‎ A．Survival of the Fittest B．Importance of Colors C．Natural Selection D．Timing of Coat Change B ‎[2020·高考桂林市、崇左市联合模拟考试] The world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago. A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的) in China and India. The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture. The effect comes mostly from ambitious treeplanting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.‎ ‎“China and India account for onethird of the greening，”said lead author Chi Chen of Boston University. “That is a surprising finding, considering the vague idea of land degradation(毁坏) in populous countries from overexploitation，” added Chen.‎ China alone accounts for 25 percent of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6 percent of global vegetated area. The greening in China is from forests (42 percent) and croplands (32 percent), but in India, it is mostly from croplands (82 percent) with the minor contribution from forests (4.4 percent)．‎ China's outsized contribution to the global greening trend comes in large part from its programs to conserve and expand forests with the goal of preventing land degradation, air pollution, and climate change.‎ ‎“Once people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it，” said Rama Nemani, research scientist and coauthor of the study. “In the 1970s and 80s in India and China, the situation around vegetation loss was not good. In the 1990s, people realized it, and today things have improved. Now we see that humans are contributing.”‎ Land area used to grow crops is comparable in China and India－more than 770,000 square miles－and has not changed much since the early ‎ ‎2000s. Yet these regions have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and their food production.‎ This was achieved through multiple cropping practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year. Production of grains, vegetables, fruits and more has increased by about 35%～40% since 2000 to feed their large populations.‎ ‎5．What did the study mainly find?‎ A．India and China are leading the global greening effort.‎ B．Intensive agriculture is the cause of global land degradation.‎ C．China and India has got the largest forest coverage in the world.‎ D．Agriculture is more helpful in expanding green areas than treeplanting.‎ ‎6．How is China different from India in contributing to the global greening?‎ A．India reduced croplands to prevent the overexploitation.‎ B．India increased forest by planting around croplands.‎ C．China changed more lands into forest by planting trees.‎ D．China controlled the increase of its population.‎ ‎7．What does Nemani think about humans in China and India in protecting the Earth?‎ A．Ambitious. B．Responsible.‎ C．Passionate. D．Tolerant.‎ ‎8．What does the passage finally suggest humans should make good use of?‎ A．Forest. B．Trees. ‎ C．Croplands. D．Food. ‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2020·重庆第一次调研]‎ Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children's lives, even if you live in the city.‎ Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parent's excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. __1__. “I don't know! Let's find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children.‎ ‎ __2__. If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window.‎ ‎ The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial.‎ ‎ Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your children's health and wellbeing. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it. __3__， nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.‎ ‎ Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing (天体观察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe. __4__.‎ ‎ Plant a small garden. __5__. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth. ‎ A．Limit electronic devices while driving B．Encourage questions you don't know the answers to C．If you want to raise your healthy, wellbalanced children D．If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetables E．It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togetherness F．If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the community G．Allow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that wonder Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2019·成都第三次诊断] Who built the first canal? Perhaps some people long ago, living in 1.________ dry country, discovered that they could dig ditches(沟) 2.________ (irrigate) their fields with the river water. And naturally in the days 3.________ boats were the most important means of transport, canals were the easiest means of reaching a place. Furthermore, a ditch 4.________ (join) two rivers proved efficient for boat travel. ‎ ‎ Today, most countries in the world have canals. Even in the 21st century, goods can be moved more 5.________ (convenient) by boat than by some other means of transport. Some canals, such as the Suez or the Panama, 6.________(save) ships weeks of time by making their voyage a thousand miles 7.________(short). Other canals permit boats to reach cities that 8.________(situate) inland. Still other canals drain lands where there is too much water, help farmers irrigate fields without enough water, and provide water power for 9.________ (factory) as well.‎ Most of the canals have a long history. Canals existed in Egypt ‎ thousands of years ago. And the Grand Canal of China was begun about 2,500 years ago, and took centuries to finish. During the seventeenth century, France built many canals that are still 10.________ use today.‎ 话题十七　自然生态(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，作者讲述了生活在北美的一种野兔，由于气候变化，它们的皮毛变色与积雪融化时间不再一致，这导致它们容易被天敌捕杀。但是科学家们发现一些野兔的基因发生了改变以适应环境变化，这有助于它们的生存。 ‎ ‎ 【熟词生义】　range常用义：n.一系列，种，类，范围 v．变化　本句义：n.山脉 ‎ 例句：Many people claim that the yeti also lives in the mountain ranges of the Himalayas.很多人声称雪人也居住在喜马拉雅山脉。‎ ‎ time常用义：n.时间，次　本句义：v.选择……的时机 ‎ 例句：Publication of his biography was timed to coincide with his 70th birthday celebrations.他的传记安排在他的70寿诞庆典时出版。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：C　考查写作目的。虽然文章第一段中提到了“For humans，taking off winter coats is a oneminute task”，但是作者目的是通过对比引出北美野兔现在面临的一个问题：因为气候变暖，雪融化得更早，但是野兔皮毛变色的速度跟不上，这使它们更容易被天敌 看到，从而被捕杀。故选C项。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。依据第三段的内容尤其最后一句可知，当雪融化时，野兔依然是白色，这使它们更容易被天敌看到，从而被捕杀。因此选项D正确。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：B　考查句意理解。依据第三至四段内容可知，身披白色皮毛长达8个星期的野兔生存在无雪的栖息地会使其天敌有近两个月的时间可以轻易发现它们，这会导致野兔易被捕杀，从而数量大大减少。因此选项B正确。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：A　考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知，气候变暖对野兔造成了负面影响，使得野兔皮毛变色的速度跟不上周围环境的变化，导致野兔更容易被天敌捕杀。但是一些野兔的基因已经发生变化来适应环境，正所谓：适者生存。故选A项。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：中国和印度对“绿色地球”的贡献 ‎ 【文章大意】　研究发现，由于中国的植树造林计划和中印两国的集约农业，地球与二十年前相比更加翠绿了。‎ ‎【难句分析】　A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的) in China and India.(Para.1)‎ ‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中published in the journal Nature Sustainability为过去分词短语作名词A study的后置定语；that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的) in China and India为that引导的宾语从句，作及物动词said的宾语，其中“that is prominent(显著的) in China and India”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a greening pattern，关系词在从句中作主语。‎ ‎ 译文：发表在《自然——可持续发展》杂志上的一项研究称，最近的卫星数据显示，中国和印度的绿化模式非常显著。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句“The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture”可知，由于植树造林和集约农业，中国和印度正主导着地球绿化的进程，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“The effect comes mostly from ambitious treeplanting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries”并结合第三段中的数据可知，地球绿化主要来自中国的植树计划和中印两国的集约农业。据此可知，中国与印度在绿化地球方面的不同之处是中国的植树造林计划，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据第五段中Rama Nemani说的话可知，Rama Nemani认为，二十世纪七八十年代，印度和中国的植被流失情况严重；二十世纪九十年代，人们意识到了这一点并努力改善；现在他们正在作贡献。据此可推知，Rama Nemani认为在保护地球方面，中国和印度的人们是负责的，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据尾段第一句“This was achieved through multiple cropping practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year”可知，产量提高是通过复种来实现的，在复种过程中，一块土地每年会被重新种植几次，这样在增加绿化面积的情况下也提高了产量。据此可推知，文章建议充分利用农田，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：自然与生活　主题：融入自然的方法 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“‘I don't know! Let's find out together.’is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling”，并与上文中的“Inspire curiosity”呼应可推知，此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起好奇心，故选B项。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　根据空后一句“If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning，turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window”可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式，故选A项。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：C　承接上文“Time in nature is an essential investment in your children's health and wellbeing”和空后的“nurturing creativity...as parents”可推知，如果想要培养出健康、明智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选C项。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：G　根据上文“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe”可推知，和孩子一起观察星空能够加深对自然界的理解，与G项呼应，故选G项。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：D　承接上文“Plant a small garden”，并与下文“Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth”呼应可推知，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种点蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故选D项。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 体裁：说明文　题材：交通　主题：运河 ‎【文章大意】　文章主要讲述了运河的重要作用。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个干旱的国家”，且dry的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：to irrigate　考查非谓语动词。这里表示挖沟壑的目的。故用动词不定式表示目的。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“days”，空处在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：joining　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，join与主语a ditch为逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处要用其现在分词形式作定语。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：conveniently　考查词形转换。此处修饰“can be moved”要用副词形式。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：save　考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处表示通过缩短行程能节省船只时间，为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；句子的主语“Some canals”为复数，故填save。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：shorter　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处含有比较的含义，故填形容词的比较级。make sb./sth.＋adj.为固定用法，意为“使某人/某物……”。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：are situated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；be situated意为“坐落在”；此处表示位于内陆的一些城市。that引导定语从句，先行词为cities，that在从句中作主语，表示复数概念，故填are situated。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：factories　考查名词的单复数。根据语境以及前面的“fields”可知，这里表示不止一座工厂。故填factories。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：in　考查介词。be in use为固定用法，意为“在使用中”。故填in。‎