2018届二轮复习阅读理解中猜测词义读懂文章课件（69张）

2018届二轮复习阅读理解中猜测词义读懂文章课件（69张）

2018 届二轮复习阅读理解专题 猜测词义读懂文章 If you come across new words when reading, What will you do ? Ignore them and continue reading Look them up in the dictionary China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said . Guess the meaning 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： 　１、理解主旨要义； 　２、理解文中具体信息； 　３、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 　４、作出简单判断和理解； 　５、理解文章的基本结构； 　６、理解作者的意图和态度 。 抓主旨 明细节 猜词义 做推断 猜测词义 读懂文章 --------- 高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇） 2013—2017 年阅读理解试题分类情况 题目设计数量 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 试题设计分类 事实细节题 10 12 10 12 11 主旨大意题 2 2 2 1 0 词义猜测题 1 2 1 3 2 推理判断题 6 6 6 4 2 猜测词义题目类型 对考纲外生词的猜测 Many United Nations employees are polyglots : Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_______________.” 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 I had first known she was wrong that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04 全国卷 ) “cloud” means “_____________________.” The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic . If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07 四川卷 ) By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _____. A.used B. mastered C. developed D. researched 对句义的猜测 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有 ： 1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______. 2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______. 3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for? 4. The underlined word “…” means ______. ...... 语境法 Context clues 构词法 Word formation 猜测词意 2010高考阅读理解专题 Word Formation 构词法 ： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- ( 超 ) mini- ( 极小的 , 微小的 ) micro- （极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis - （误，恶） im - （不） un- （不，非） in- （不，非） non- （不，非） -able （能 … 的 ） -less （不，无） -wards ( 向 ) superman microwave ( 超人) nonnatural mispronounce ( 非自然的) homeless nonsmoker ( 无家可归的) rebuild eastwards ( 重建 ) Can you guess the right meanings? ( 微波 ) ( 非烟民 ) ( 发错音 ) ( 向东 ) Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse , you excercise infrequently. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings.” (2003NMET ) With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional: nonjudgmental: 无条件的，绝对的 没有判断力的 1. (05 重庆卷 ) 1. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. 2. It’s true that lighthouse were built in out-of-the-way place. 3. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? Word-formation （合成形容词） （词性变化） （复合法，转化法，派生法） （词的派生） 语境法猜测词义 ? Logical relations Ex1. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter . ◎His uncle is a zoologist , an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 木匠 动物学家 牧人 夜班 语境法猜测词义 1. 定义描述 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或 is, be called ， be known as, be defined as 等词汇或破折号来表示 ； 或由 that is (to say), in other words ， to put it another way 引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词 小 结 Ex.2 The new tax law supersedes , or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 替代 丰满的 Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty . 污秽的 节约的 ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil . ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate . 混乱 天生的 语境法猜测词义 2. 同义反义 由 and 或 or ， like ,as …as, the same as 等连接的两个词构成同义关系； 表转折关系的词常有如 but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ， on the contrary 等。 小 结 ( 05 广东卷 ) “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated .” The underlined word roughly means ____. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed Ex3. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic . The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 弹性的 混浊的 ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica . An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 复制品 精明的 修剪 语境法猜测词义 3. 因果关系 常用关联词 ( 如 because ， as ， since ， for ， so ， thus ， as a result ， so, so … that, such … that therefore 等 ) 表示前因后果。 小 结 (06 陕西卷 ) The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. In paragraph 2, “ a roof over their heads” most probably means ______. A. a cap B. a car C. a home D. a covering Ex.4 Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. 家禽 装置 The new couple bought a lot of household appliances , such as washing machine, fridge and microwave oven ect . Difined most broadly, folklore includes all the customes , belief and tradition that people have handed dowm from generation to generation. 家电 民俗 语境法猜测词义 4. 举例归纳 常用 such as, like ， for example, for instance 等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义 。 小 结 对考纲外生词的猜测 Many United Nations employees are polyglots : Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_______________.” 通晓多种语言的 EX.5 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled. 麻药 波纹 膨胀 冷缩 ◎One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile , we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 症状 易挥发的 颤抖 语境法猜测词义 5. 生活常识 小 结 根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。 China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday. The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said . （ 05 福建卷） Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO 2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means______. A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving out EX.6 What does “ in the public eye ” mean? A. 公众熟悉的 , 出名的 Tips : in public 在公众场合 the public 大众 eye 眼睛 Guess B. 在群众的眼里 C. 公开的 D. 令人眼热的 Mr Zhang often appears in public . But he is not famous—he is not in the public eye . Jane is usually prompt . A ． late B ． on time C ． pleased Jane is usually prompt for her classes ． Jane is usually prompt for all her classes ， but she arrived in the middle of her first class. adj. 敏捷的 , 迅速的 , 即时的 adv. 准时地 语境法猜测词义 6. 上下推断 小 结 所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时， 一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。 The ashes of the Great Wall are falling down 。 I think the Great wall is now like an 80 years old man. In some places it is still standing, but really unless there is some good medicine, most of it won’t be standing in the next fifty or one hundred years. If people don’t take medicine, the Great Wall will fall down. B. The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man, who needs medical care. C. We must take some measures to pretect the Great Wall, or most of the Great Wall will break down in 50 or 100 years D. The Great Wall is falling down, and it will disappear in the future. 对句义的猜测 The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic . If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07 四川卷 ) By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _____. A.used B. mastered C. developed D. researched But it’s a two-way street . I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China. （ 09 辽宁卷） What does the writer mean by “it’s a two –way street”? What does the writer mean by “it’s a two –way street”? China and India have different traffic rules. B. Tea trade works wanders in both India and China C. Chinese products are popular in both China and India D. The exchanges between India and China benefit both D Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活动 (1) 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 小试身手 3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱 7. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的 8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house 9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent . A. 勤奋的 B. 愚蠢的 C. 聪明的 D. 情报 10. Children are always boasting . They say things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s, ” “ My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “ boasting ” means _____. A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚 Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动 (2) Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents’ road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season. What does the underlined word “ obtain ” probably mean? A. eat B. get C. sell D. buy B Passage 2 A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced , he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage( 宗系 ), and his tribe. The word “ disgrace ” means _________ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame D Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished . A few members of the Senate ( 参议院 ) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “ banished ” mean_______. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping B Passage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “ tedious ” probably mean? A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challenging B Passage 5 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “ jeopardize ” means _____ in this text. A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop B Passage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. The underlined word “ astounded ” means ____. A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surprised D How to guess the meaning of words? Unformiliar word is to English reading what setbeck is to our life. You can choose to ignore it or turn to others for help, but most of time you Will have to overcome it on your own. No matter what difficulty you come across in your life, remember that as long as you don’t lose heart, you are sure to find a way out. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. Enjoy reading! Homework 1. Go over what we learned in this period. 2. Finish additional exercises