专题07+介词（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题07+介词（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 介词种类繁多，用法复杂。学习介词首先要掌握介词的基本用法及其习惯用法，其次要注意介词与其他词类的搭配。高考对介词的考查形式多样，除单纯考查介词外，还考查介词与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配。另外在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中也常考查介词的选择。‎ 考点一 表示时间的介词 ‎ 表示时间的介词主要有：at, on, in, to, of, during, for, after, since, by, till, until等。‎ ‎1. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ______ half an hour. (2014北京)‎ ‎ A. by B. in C. for C. until ‎【答案】B ‎ 【解析】表示将来一段时间之后，介词要用in。‎ ‎2. September 30 is the day ______ which you must pay your bill. (2014全国)‎ A. by B. for C. with D. in ‎【答案】A ‎ 【解析】句意：‎9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。by意为“截止到……日期，不迟于”。‎ ‎3. You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be life. (2012安徽)‎ ‎ A. of B. on C. to D. for ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. This shop will be closed for repairs ______ further notice. (2011全国II)‎ ‎ A. with B. until C. for D. at ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】句意：这家商店停业装修，何时开业，等候通知。until意为“直到”，符合句意。‎ ‎5. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years. (2011上海)‎ A. through B. up C. with D. from ‎ 【答案】A ‎ 【解析】句意：毕业是感谢那些帮你度过艰难岁月的人们的好时间。through意为“通过”。‎ ‎6. I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy_____ the past couple of weeks. (2011山东)‎ A. beyond B. with C. among D. over ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 【解析】表示“在过去的几周里”可说in/over/during the past/last few weeks。‎ 考点二 地点、方位或方向的介词 表示地点、方位或方向的介词主要有：at, in, on, from, along, to, into, inside, outside, over, under, above, below, by, beside, near, next to, before, after, in front of, behind, round, around, across, up, down等。‎ ‎1. She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road. (2014重庆)‎ ‎ A. on B. along C. from D. off ‎【答案】D ‎ 【解析】在转弯处他开得太快，车子几乎跑出了路面。off表示“离开”，符合句意。‎ ‎2. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake. (2012辽宁)‎ ‎ A. to B. for C. off D. out ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 由a quiet place可知是远离主路。off意为“离开”，符合句意。‎ ‎3. He was a good student and scored ______ average in most subjects. (2011天津)‎ ‎ A. below B. of C. on D. above ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎4. Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library. (2011重庆)‎ A. in B. for C. by D. from ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：雪莉是个真正的图书爱好者。她常常从图书馆带很多书回家看。From意为“从”，符合句意。‎ ‎5. Sean has formed the habit of jogging ______ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. (2010上海)‎ ‎ A. between B. along C. below D. with ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：肖恩已经养成了每天沿着林荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯。Along意为“沿着”，符合句意。‎ 考点三 表示相关、对象、对比、程度或范围的介词 表示相关、对象、对比、程度或范围的介词主要有：about, on, of, for, to, besides, except, among等。‎ ‎1. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old. （2017天津）‎ A. among B. against C. behind D. below ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎2. A common memory they all have ______ their school days is the school uniform. (2015福建)‎ A. of B. on C. to D. with ‎【答案】A ‎ 【解析】他们对于校园生活的共同印象就是校服。the memory of意为“对……的记忆/印象”。符合句意。‎ ‎3. _______ all the animals I’ve ever had, those two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word. (2012浙江)‎ A. From B. Of C. For D. With ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】由后面的最高级可知，这里表示比较的范围，故用介词of。‎ ‎4. Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there. (2011四川)‎ A. in B. for C. of D. on ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：尼克，在你去中国旅游之前，看些有关中国的书对你有好处。on有“有关，关于”之意。‎ ‎5. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ______ everyone’s enjoyment. (2010北京)‎ ‎ A. in B. at C. for D. to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】由句意“它们是供大家欣赏的。”可知，应用介词for，表示“给，对”。‎ ‎6. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school __________ girls of your age. （2009北京）‎ A. for B. about C. from D. to ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】for表示对象、用途等，符合句意。‎ 考点四 表示方式、手段或工具的介词 表示方式、手段或工具的介词主要有：by, in, on, with, through等。‎ ‎1. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry. （2017北京）‎ A. at B. in C. on D. by ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：延海岸线生活的很多人以渔业为生。by表示“以……手段”，符合句意。‎ ‎2. Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number. (2010江西)‎ ‎ A. of B. as C. by D. with ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】句意：如今，一些医院叫病人的名字，而不是病号。By name意为“叫名字”，符合句意。‎ ‎3. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing __________ a stepping-stone to future success.（2008全国）‎ A. to B. for C. as D. by ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】use ... as意为“把……用作”。‎ 考点五 表示原因、条件、目的、结果或让步的介词 表示原因、条件、目的、结果或让步的介词主要有：for, of, from, through, by, with, in on, at, because of, due to, on account of, in case, as a result of, in spite of, regardless of等。‎ ‎1. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. （2018北京）‎ ‎—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.‎ A. for B. on C. in D. at ‎【答案】A ‎ 【解析】此处表示目的，意为“为……”，应用介词for。‎ ‎2. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _________ his great wealth. （2014江西）‎ A. without B. despite C. in D. to ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎3. _______ passion, people won’t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking. (2012上海)‎ A. For B. Without C. Beneath D. By ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】句意：没有激情人们就没有创新思维所需用的动机和乐趣。without意为“没有”。‎ ‎4. I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______. (2011浙江)‎ ‎ A. on B. for C. by D. of ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】train sb for意为“为……而培训某人”。‎ ‎5. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space. (2010 福建)‎ A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. Four Chinese modals were __________ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.‎ ‎ A. among B. between C. along D. beside ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】这里指“14人中的4位”，表示范围，故用among。‎ ‎2. A great person is always putting others’ interests __________ his own. ‎ A. below B. above C. in D. on ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：伟人总是把他人的利益置于个人利益之上。above意为“在……上方”，符合句意。‎ ‎3. Everybody was touched __________ words after they heard her moving story.‎ A. beyond B. without C. of D. in ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎4. Some students often listen to music __________ classes to refresh themselves. ‎ A. between B. among C. over D. during ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】表示两者之间应用between，between classes意为“课间”。‎ ‎5. — When do we need to pay the balance?‎ ‎— __________ September 30. ‎ A. In B. By C. During D. Within ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】表示“在…月…日”用应用on，during和within后应接时间段，by后接时间点，意为“不迟于”。‎ ‎6. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot __________ easy reach.‎ A. near B. upon C. within D. around ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：在厨房里，把常用的东西放在容易够得着的地方会节省时间。within意为“在……范围以内”，符合句意。‎ ‎7. The manager suggested an earlier date __________ the meeting. ‎ A. on B. for C. about D. with ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】the date for the meeting中的for表示限定对象或范围，意为“开会日期”。‎ ‎8. Some people choose jobs for other reasons __________ money these days.‎ A. for B. except C. besides D. with ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎9. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing __________ a stepping-stone to future success.‎ A. to B. for C. as D. by ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】use ... as意为“把……用作”。‎ ‎10. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave __________ the back door. ‎ A. for B. by C. across D. out ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】by表示通过某种手段或方式，leave by the back door意为“通过后门离开”。‎ ‎ ‎